Exposure to ethanol during capacitation impairs the fertilizing ability of human spermatozoa in vitro

To validate earlier findings, mainly in laboratory animals, the effect of ethanol on the fertilizing ability of human spermatozoa has been investigated. Ethanol added to the capacitation medium reduced the penetration of zona-free hamster eggs by human spermatozoa in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations from 50 to 500 mg % (0.05-0.5%). Fertilizing capacity was at least partially restored by washing in ethanol-free medium. Ethanol exposure before capacitation had a slight stimulatory effect on the penetration of spermatozoa into zona-free hamster ova. The motility of spermatozoa was not altered significantly, either quantitatively or qualitatively, by the presence of ethanol in the capacitation medium. These results suggest that the decrease in fertilizing ability of spermatozoa induced by ethanol during capacitation is due to a specific action on the capacitation process.     

论我国药品零售连锁企业的物流管理

目的 :为我国药品零售连锁企业进行物流管理提供参考。方法 :通过引入物流管理的概念 ,分析物流管理在药品零售连锁企业中的应用。结果与结论 :我国药品零售连锁企业应探索出适合自身发展的物流管理模式 ,提高企业的市场竞争力     

学习障碍儿童精神运动能力及其影响因素的研究

目的:探讨学习障碍儿童精神运动能力及其影响因素。方法:以36名学习障碍儿童为研究对象,与之配对选出学习中等、学习优良儿童各36名作对照组,对他们进行精神运动能力,Conner行为量表等项调查。结果:由单因素分析发现,学习障碍儿童精神运动能力等方面较其他两组儿童差。对儿童精神运动能力进行多元回归分析,结果表明:数字符号、组别、心身问题、冲动多动、视觉保持等是影响儿童精神运动能力的重要因素。     

Transient hearing loss following spinal anaesthesia

Audiograms were performed pre-operatively in 14 patients scheduled for transurethral resection of the prostate under spinal anaesthesia and again 2 days postoperatively. Six of the 14 patients showed a minor reduction of hearing in the low frequency range. Follow-up audiograms showed full recovery after 1-7 months. No significant hearing loss was found in 12 patients who underwent the same procedure with epidural anaesthesia.     

医护人员的英语素质和前沿医疗工作

我国正处于加大改革开放,科学发展,增强综合国力与国际竞争力的关键时刻,特别是我国加入了WTO,医疗卫生事业更是不分国界与国际接轨,国际交往和合作不断扩大与频繁,掌握外语已不是个人的学习兴趣,爱好的事情,英语是被广泛使用的国际语言,英语能力已成为医务工作者必须具备的素质条件之一,成为与国际医疗卫生工作者直接交流的不可缺少的一种工具。医院培养具有国际竞争力、具有英语各项实际能力的高素质医学人才符合现代医院的需求。     

BRP44基因对前列腺癌生物学行为的影响

目的研究BRP44高表达的人前列腺癌细胞PC3细胞系（雄激素非依赖性前列腺癌细胞株）细胞的生物学性状的影响，以了解其在人前列腺癌发生发展中可能的机制和作用。方法将已转染BRP44的PC3细胞提取其RNA，进而行Northern Blot检测证明其高表达，用Alamar Blue检测BRP44高表达的阳性细胞生长情况，流式细胞仪检测其细胞周期变换，采用改良的Transweu侵袭小室方法检测细胞侵袭能力。结果BRP44高表达的PC3细胞增殖速度较转染空载体的PC3细胞和正常PC3细胞快，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。在体外细胞移动实验中，BRP44高表达的PC3细胞也较另两组细胞表现出更强的穿膜能力、侵袭力（P〈0．01）。结论BRP44表达增高与人前列腺癌细胞的恶性表型具有密切相关性，BRP44可能在人前列腺癌的发生、发展中发挥重要作用。     

Mediating relationships within the Disablement Process model: a cross-sectional study of the oldest-old

The Disablement Process model proposes a pathway for how chronic diseases in late life can lead to disability, with the variables in the main pathway designated as pathology, impairment, functional limitations, and disability. The model also suggests that psychosocial and contextual variables in the periphery of the model affect disability outcomes. The current study included 149 Swedish adults aged 86, 90, or 94 living in the community or in institutions who answered questions and performed tasks of physical and cognitive ability. A series of regressions were used to test the mediating role of variables within the main pathway of the model, as well as the ability of psychosocial variables to mediate main pathway relationships. Results indicated that physical limitations accounted for between 31 and 52% of the direct effects between impairments and disability, but delayed recall did not mediate these relationships. For the tests of psychosocial variables, mastery was a consistent mediator between impairments and functional limitations, and also mediated several relationships between functional limitations and disability variables. Depression and loneliness also mediated some of the relationships within the main pathway, but explained a smaller percentage of the total effects than mastery. The study concludes that the Disablement Process model is an effective biopsychosocial approach in describing and predicting disability in the oldest-old. In addition, the course of disability seems to be buffered by certain psychosocial variables, particularly feelings of mastery.     

Regeneration of normal afferent input does not eliminate aberrant synaptic connections of an identified auditory interneuron in the cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus

In the cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus, the dendritic arborizations of an identified auditory interneuron (Int-1) are normally restricted to the ipsilateral auditory neuropile; unilateral deafferentation causes the medial portion of the dendritic field to sprout across the midline and make functional connections with the contralateral auditory neuropile (Hoy et al., '78: Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 4:115, '85: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:7772-7786; Hoy and Moiseff, '79: Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 5:163). We have found that regeneration of the auditory afferents also results in an aberrant pattern of innervation of Int-1. Crickets were unilaterally deafferented during postembryonic development by crushing or cutting the auditory nerve. Regeneration of afferent-to-Int-1 connections was tested behaviorally. Of 86 nerve-crushed crickets tested as adults in the behavioral assay, 66% showed functional regeneration of the afferents. Similar results were obtained from the nerve-cut group. However, morphological investigations demonstrated that most of the regenerates still retained the aberrant contralateral dendritic projection. Electrophysiological recordings from these Int-1s showed that not only are some of them driven by their regenerated auditory afferents (the normal pathway) but that they retain their excitability via their contralateral dendrites (the aberrant pathway). This demonstrates that reinnervation of Int-1 by its normal afferent pool neither causes retraction nor prevents the formation of connections made with foreign, contralateral afferents. When the contralateral afferent pool was removed after Int-1 had sprouted, the sprouts remained present, but preliminary results suggest that if the contralateral afferents are removed before Int-1 is deafferented, sprouts are not formed. The results are discussed in relation to the roles of competition and conservation of membrane area in controlling synapse formation.     

Working ability of mentally ill people in times of social crisis

In Yugoslavia a special commission evaluates the working abilities of insured ill people. In the last 14 years the number of people referred to this commission has increased. For people assessed as being unable to work the most frequent diagnoses have been psychiatric and cardiovascular diseases. All individual requests for retirement on partial or full pension based on mental disorder (n = 1563) made in 1982 in Bosna and Herzegovina were studied. People who were awarded pensions were also followed up. The results obtained indicated that the willingness to retire is widespread among insured people, quite often regardless of the actual impairment of their working abilities. Data are interpreted in the light of the severe socioeconomic crisis Yugoslavia has been experiencing through the last decade.