Experimental rat model for therapeutic retinal pigment epithelium transplantation—unequivocal microscopic identification of human donor cells by in situ hybridisation of human-specific Alu sequences

Transplantation of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is discussed as a possible therapeutic approach for retinal degeneration. Xenogeneic transplantation of human RPE cells in animal models has been studied extensively. Various methods have been used to identify the graft cells, but these methods interfere with cell behaviour so that the monitored physiological post-transplantation course may be influenced. In the present study, we applied a method for an unequivocal identification of the graft cells without interfering cell metabolism or behaviour using in situ hybridisation (ISH) of human specific Alu sequences. Visualisation of the strong extended nuclear signal of Alu sequences was much easier than that of the small nuclear signals of donor-specific sex chromosome probes. With Alu probe, even single graft cells can be identified and their development can be observed in short-term and long-term studies. With this procedure, we could prove that donor cells were injected correctly into the subretinal space by a special injection technique that we developed previously. In combination with immunohistochemistry, donor cells could be clearly discriminated from macrophages, which contained phagocytosed donor cell fragments. Application of these ISH methods for species-specific identification was valuable for follow-up-studies of RPE transplantation.     

CD40靶向小干扰RNA抑制大鼠异体肢体移植急性排斥反应后细胞凋亡及P53、P21表达

目的探讨CD40靶向小干扰RNA（即短发夹RNA，shRNA）对大鼠异体肢体移植急性排斥反应及细胞凋亡的影响。方法以纯系SD大鼠为供体，纯系Wistar大鼠为受体，行同种异体右后肢移植。27只大鼠肢体移植后随机分为3组：实验组．注射梭华一Sofast（15μl）-siCD40—2，pSilencer（100μg）载体复合物600μl；空载体对照组，在肢体移植后，即注射Sofast（15μl）-pSilencer4．1-CMVneo（100μg）空载体复合物600μl；生理盐水对照组，在肢体移植注射生理盐水600μl。观察移植物排斥反应征象及存活情况，并于第7天对产生免疫耐受大鼠进行混合淋巴细胞反应（MLR），同时进行组织学检查。结果与其他组相比．实验组移植物发生排斥反应的时间及存活时间均显著延长（P〈0．01）（〉13d），未见排斥反应征象，其他组均于术后近期发生排斥反应；实验组大鼠对供体的淋巴细胞呈现低反应性，移植的供体同系大鼠的肢体得以存活。实验组移植物细胞凋亡率低于其他组。结论在术后不应用免疫抑制剂的情况下，CD40靶向的shRNA干扰可以抗大鼠异体肢体移植急性排斥反应。     

带监测皮岛腓骨移植治疗股骨颈骨折

目的：探讨监测皮岛腓骨移植治疗股骨颈骨折的临床价值。方法：用带监测皮岛的腓骨移植结合AO空心钉内固定治疗11例中青年股骨颈骨折患者。结果：11例中1例监测皮岛于术后监测过程中准确地提示移植腓骨血管危象，及时手术探查处理，复通血供。11例监测皮岛全部成活，随访1～3年，股骨颈骨折端骨愈合，股骨头无坏死。结论：带监测皮岛吻合血管的腓骨移植治疗股骨颈骨折疗效可靠，监测皮岛是腓骨移植术后血供监测的可靠方法。     

肱骨远端的解剖观测与肱骨假体的设计

目的:为临床肱骨远端假体的设计与安放提供相关数据。方法:测量120块(男35对、女25对)成人干燥肱骨远端相关结构,对所测得结果用SPSS软件处理。结果:(1)肱骨远端前倾角和肱骨滑车外旋角,男女分别为(35.78±5.12)°、(36.33±5.06)°和(5.35±1.13)°、(5.55±1.22)°。(2)内上髁至外上髁最大宽度、滑车最内侧缘至小头最外侧缘宽度、肱骨滑车和肱骨小头宽度男女分别为(58.92±4.03)、(55.75±3.85);(45.34±3.15)、(42.18±3.01);(24.82±1.74)、(21.78±1.51)和(17.69±1.23)、(16.39±1.21)mm。(3)肱骨滑车和肱骨小头最大矢径男女分别为(23.35±2.06)、(23.13±2.15)和(19.47±1.38)、(19.13±2.19)mm。男女之间和左右之间各测量数据无显著性差异(P>0.05)。个体间有较大差异。结论:肱骨远端各项目的测量值,可供设计与安放肱骨假体提供解剖参数。     

血管抑素抑制兔眼表碱烧伤角膜缘移植术后的角膜血管新生

目的:检测眼表碱烧伤角膜缘移植术后血管抑素抑制角膜新生血管的作用。方法:16只新西兰大白兔双眼制作碱烧伤模型1d后,双眼行角膜缘移植术,术后左眼局部应用血管抑素治疗2周,右眼作对照;观测4周,根据新生血管侵入角膜缘内的范围、角膜混浊与水肿程度进行分级并作统计学处理;同时测量术后7、14、21及28d的眼压。结果:术后4周时,应用血管抑素的左眼的新生血管的评分为1.19±0.10,而对照组为1.63±0.72,统计学处理显示左眼的新生血管较右眼的明显减少(P<0.05),角膜混浊与水肿程度亦明显下降。各时间点各术眼的眼压均在正常范围,无统计学差异。结论:局部应用血管抑素能有效抑制眼表碱烧伤角膜缘移植术后的新生血管增生。     

带血管股骨片作支撑体阴茎再造的解剖基础

在45侧成年男性下肢标本上,观测了股中间肌近端的动脉来源、分支,走行和旋股外侧动脉降支。股中间肌近端动脉来源较多,发于旋股外侧动脉的57.7%,其骨膜支长3.6cm,发出后向下斜行至骨面,贴骨面呈节段分布,长达6.0cm 以上。旋股外侧动脉降支外径3.2mm,长9.2cm。经尸体摹拟手术,可设计以该血管为蒂的股骨瓣作支撑体与股前外侧皮瓣转位再造阴茎。本文对手术设计、骨片切取和血管蒂的处理等有关应用解剖学要点进行了讨论。     

人TFPI基因转染对兔移植静脉血栓形成和近期通畅率的影响

目的： 为减少冠状动脉旁路移植术后血栓形成，探讨人组织因子途径抑制因子(TFPI)基因转染对兔移植静脉血栓生成的影响。方法：构建真核表达质粒pCMV-(Kozak)TFPI。采用阳离子脂质体和腔内加压灌注法，转染移植静脉内皮细胞。RT-PCR、Western blotting和免疫组化法检测外源基因在兔移植静脉中的表达。病理标本、扫描电镜观察移植静脉血栓形成情况，血管多普勒观测其通畅率。结果：移植静脉中有人TFPI基因和蛋白表达。静脉移植术后3 d，基因转染组、空载体和空白对照组分别有1条、8条和7条移植静脉发生血栓，术后30 d，以上各组分别有0条、5条和5条移植静脉完全闭塞，前者静脉血栓发生率和闭塞率均低于后两者(P<0.05)。扫描电镜显示两对照组内皮表面有红细胞和血小板黏附、聚集，而转染组基本正常。结论：人TFPI基因干预，减少了兔移植静脉血栓形成，提高了近期通畅率。     

Ability of rosetting or non-rosetting individual control and inflammatory macrophages to kill Escherichia coli X43 intracellularly

An autoradiographic method combined with a rosette technique was used to assess the bactericidal activity of individual control and inflammatory peritoneal macrophages (PM phi) in the presence or absence of expression of Fc receptor for IgG (FcR). There was a lack of FcR reactivity in a certain percentage of both categories of PM phi exposed to E. coli X43, a bacterium which is readily phagocytosed in the presence of specific antibody. Both rosetting and non-rosetting PM phi were capable of phagocytosing E. coli X43, but inflammatory PM phi showed a marked reduction in their capacity to ingest these bacteria compared with control PM phi. Once ingested the E. coli X43 were killed equally well by non-rosetting and rosetting control and inflammatory PM phi.     

桡动脉解剖及获取技术在冠状动脉搭桥手术中的应用

目的：探讨冠状动脉搭桥术中桡动脉的获取技术方法及应用效果。方法：回顾性总结72例冠状动脉搭桥手术中取桡动脉的经验，介绍获取桡动脉的技术方法和体会。结果：在使用桡动脉获取技术的患者中，3例出现手术切口及手背皮肤术后短时间内麻木，其他患者无前臂感觉及活动障碍，无前臂缺血并发症。结论：当术前评价证实手部桡动脉供血区域有足够的侧枝循环时，桡动脉是最好的搭桥血管之一.     

Prolongation of graft survival in allogeneic islet transplantation by (−) 15-deoxyspergualin in the rat

Summary The effect of 15-Deoxyspergualin, a novel drug which has been described to have anti-tumour activity, on allogeneic graft survival (Dark Agouti Lewis rats) after pancreatic islet transplantation was tested. A marked prolongation of graft survival could be shown using doses of 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0mg Deoxyspergualin/kg on day 0 until day +9 post transplantation. A maximum of 55.6 days (average) survival time was observed using 2.5mg/kg Deoxyspergualin compared to 5.2±0.6 days without immunosuppression. Using the chemiluminescence reaction of recipient monocytes after islet transplantation, a marked suppression of the monocyte system exceeding the treatment period could be observed. Since, in contrast to cyclosporin, B-cell toxicity could not be shown, the new drug seems to be a hopeful step towards successful allogeneic islet transplantation for treatment of diabetes.