医学生睡眠质量影响因素的通径分析

  [目的] 了解海南省医学大学生睡眠质量的影响因素。[方法] 采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数自评量表（PSQI）、症状自评量表（SCL-90）、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)及自制的睡眠质量影响因素调查表，对海南医学院551名大一到大五的本科生进行调查。[结果] ①匹兹堡睡眠质量总平均得分为5.74（s=2.78）分，21.42%的学生睡眠质量有问题。男女差别无统计学意义。②通径分析结果显示学习负担和应激事件是睡眠质量差的诱发因素，但不起主要作用，人格因素、年级直接和间接作用于中间变量对睡眠质量产生影响作用，宿舍环境是睡眠质量的直接影响因素。心理疾病倾向的直接效应为0.2650，即直接作用最强。神经质总效应为0.3575，即其总作用最强。[结论] 影响医学生睡眠质量的因素是多方面的,应采取综合措施进行防治。     

以课程建设为平台提高医学研究生创新能力的探索

课程建设是提高医学研究生创新能力的重要手段。本文分析了目前医学研究生课程建设存在的问题,在此基础上阐述了我校以课程建设为平台促进医学研究生创新能力培养的具体措施。     

Perceptions of Family Physician Trainees and Trainers Regarding the Usefulness of a Virtual Community of Practice

BackgroundTraining for Australian general practice, or family medicine, can be isolating, with registrars (residents or trainees) moving between rural and urban environments, and between hospital and community clinic posts. Virtual communities of practice (VCoPs), groups of people sharing knowledge about their domain of practice online and face-to-face, may have a role in overcoming the isolation associated with general practice training.ObjectiveThis study explored whether Australian general practice registrars and their supervisors (trainers) would be able to use, and would be interested in using, a VCoP in the form of a private online network for work and training purposes. It also sought to understand the facilitators and barriers to intention to use such a community, and considers whether any of these factors may be modifiable.MethodsA survey was developed assessing computer, Internet, and social media access and usage, confidence, perceived usefulness, and barriers, facilitators, and intentions to use a private online network for training purposes. The survey was sent by email link to all 139 registrars and 224 supervisors in one of Australia’s 17 general practice training regions. Complete and usable responses were received from 131 participants (response rate=0.4).ResultsMost respondents had access to broadband at home (125/131, 95.4%) and at work (130/131, 99.2%). Registrars were more likely to spend more than 2 hours on the Internet (P=.03), and to use social media sites for nonwork purposes (P=.01). On a 5-point Likert scale, confidence was high (mean 3.93, SD 0.63) and was negatively associated with higher age (P=.04), but not associated with training stage. Social media confidence was lower, with registrars more confident than supervisors for almost all social media activities. On a 5-point Likert scale, overall usefulness was scored positively (n=123, mean 3.63, SD 0.74), and was not significantly associated with age or training level. The main concerns of respondents were worries about privacy (registrar: 61/81, 75.3%; supervisor: 30/50, 60.0%) and insufficient time (registrar: 41/81, 50.6%; supervisor: 36/50, 72.0%). Using a multivariate generalized linear regression model, training stage and perceived usefulness were positively predictive, and concerns about privacy and time were negatively predictive of intention to use a private online network.ConclusionsGeneral practice registrars and supervisors are interested in using a private online network, or VCoP, for work and training purposes. Important considerations are the extent to which concerns such as privacy and usefulness may be overcome by training and support to offset some other concerns, such as time barriers. Participants at an early stage in their training are more receptive to using an online network. More senior registrars and supervisors may benefit from more training and promotion of the online network to improve their receptiveness.     

医学研究生生涯规划现状调查研究

目的了解医学研究生生涯规划的现状和生涯教育的需求。方法问卷调查法。结果分析发现医学研究生生涯规划有如下特点:自我认知程度高;职业探索存在不足;个人调适有待提高,就业信心较为乐观;职业决策导师影响最大;生涯规划元认知较差,生涯教育需求大。经相关性分析发现:性别、年龄、考研身份都与生涯成熟相关。结论医学研究生存在很大的生涯教育需求。     

Analysing qualitative data: ethnography and the evaluation of medical education

Quantitative methods of evaluating the outcomes of medical education may not always deliver the information which course organizers and teachers most need in order to improve their courses. Qualitative methods of research could provide such information. However, the use of qualitative methods has been limited by the difficulties associated with the analysis of subjective data and by the validity of its results. Qualitative data from an evaluation of the 2-year part-time MSc Course in General Practice at Guy's and St Thomas's Hospitals are presented and a rigorous method of analysis demonstrated. It is argued that for qualitative research validity is progressively achieved through the process of analysis, unlike experimental research where validity is ascribed in the research design. The relationship of research methods and approaches to evaluation is discussed and the potential contribution of qualitative research methods is outlined.     

对研究生教育的几点看法

研究生毕业论文是检验研究生培养质量和创新能力的主要标志,通过对近些年来毕业论文质量明显下降的原因分析,剖析研究生教育中存在的问题,对研究生教育提出了几点看法。     

从教育角度看高校毕业生的职业忠诚问题

近几年,高校毕业生以其庞大的规模引起了社会多方关注。但社会各界更多的是讨论如何扩大高校毕业生就业,而对其择业后的职业稳定程度较为忽视。频繁转换职业对用人单位和毕业生自身都造成了很大影响和损失,本文拟从高校毕业生的就业和职业现状出发,分析原因,寻找对策。     

A collaboration between two innovative medical education programmes in Egypt and the United States

In 1984, the Center for Educational Development at the University of Illinois at Chicago began to offer its Master of Health Professions Education leadership programme to 13 medical teachers on-site at Suez Canal University in Ismailia, Egypt. The central issue in this project was whether two institutions on different continents and representing different cultures could collaboratively develop and implement a relevant graduate programme. Of equal concern was whether the degree programme could be adapted to meet the needs of the teachers of a new innovative medical school in a developing country. The 13 doctors have now graduated. This paper describes the rationale for the enterprise, the planning phase of the project, the curriculum, problems that had to be overcome, and some indices of success.