Creating conditions for good nursing by attending to the spiritual

biro a.l. (2012) Journal of Nursing Management  20, 1002–1011
Creating conditions for good nursing by attending to the spiritual Aim To note similarities, differences, and gaps in the literature on good nursing and spiritual care. Background Good nursing care is essential for meeting patient health needs. With growing recognition of the role of spirituality in health, understanding spiritual care as it relates to good nursing is important, especially as spiritual care has been recognized as the most neglected area of nursing care. Methods Nursing research, reports and discussion articles from a variety of countries were reviewed on the topics of good nursing, spiritual care and spirituality. Key issues A nurse’s spirituality and the nurse–patient relationship are integral to spiritual care and good nursing. Conclusions There are many commonalities between good nursing and spiritual care. Personal attributes of the nurse are described in similar terms in research on spiritual care and good nursing. Professional attributes common to good nursing and spiritual care are the nurse–patient relationship, assessment skills and communication skills. Implications for nursing management Good nursing through spiritual care is facilitated by personal spirituality, training in spiritual care and a culture that implements changes supportive of spiritual care. Further research is needed to address limitations in the scope of literature.     

毒理学在中国现代化建设中面临的机遇与挑战

本文评述了毒理学在中国的现代化建设中面临的机遇与挑战 ,包括发现毒理学在产品创新中的应用 ,环境毒理学和生态危险度评定与可持续发展战略 ,管理毒理学在法制建设中的角色和作用 ,并结合个人经验就国内的实验室研究质量规范建设提出了看法和建议     

Cisplatin-based (PVB+M) chemotherapy in good-risk and poor-risk nonseminomatous germ cell tumors.

Twenty-seven patients with metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors were treated with Cisplatin, vinblastine, bleomycin, and low-dose methotrexate (PVB+M) combinations. Patients were divided into good-risk and poor-risk groups. All seven patients (100%) with good-risk factors achieved complete response, and all are alive disease free at a median of 70 months. In the poor-risk group, only 10 of 20 patients (50%) achieved complete response, and seven (35%) are alive disease free at a median of 58 months. Eight patients, 4 in each group, were required to undergo surgery for removal of postchemotherapy residual masses. The results confirm that Cisplatin-based chemotherapy protocols are adequate to cure most patients with good-risk factors, and newer approaches are needed for patients at poor risk.     

The role of ‘reference goods’ in contingent valuation: should we help respondents to ‘construct’ their willingness to pay?

A general population sample of 135 Australian respondents completed one of four contingent valuation surveys that asked them to value health benefits either in the absence of an explicit reference good or in the presence of one of three different forms of reference good. Results suggest that respondents have a 'ball-park' figure that is then challenged by the reference good. For values that appear far lower than, or similar to, this 'ball-park' figure, the reference good has little quantitative effect, but qualitatively appears to help respondents in their confidence in this value being their actual WTP. The implications for CV research in health care are outlined in the discussion.     

Advances in stem-cell–generated transplantation therapy for Parkinson's disease

Introduction: Human pluripotent stem cells have the potential to differentiate into different cell lineages of the human body, including dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Previous studies have shown that stem-cell–derived DA neurons can improve the motor deficits of Parkinson's disease (PD) animal models. That is why current research interests focus on the development of stem-cell–derived neural cells for transplantation therapies for PD patients.

Areas covered: This review article emphasizes the safety and efficacy requirements of human pluripotent stem-cell–derived neural cells and usage of reliable preclinical animal models prior to clinical trials. The current advances and hurdles related to cell production, differentiation and transplantation are also summarized.

Expert opinion: Before entering the clinic, transplantable cell populations must be differentiated and characterized according to good manufacturing practice (GMP) regulations both in vitro and in vivo. Taking into account the rapid development of the stem-cell field and technological improvements in cell preparations and GMP facilities, we think that pluripotent stem-cell–derived DA neurons will offer a relevant cell therapy option for treatment of PD in the near future.     

浅谈中药不良反应的原因

目的：研究各类中药的不良反应所造成的原因;方法：分别从中药的毒性、药量、辩证、配伍、炮制、剂型等九个方面,分别讨论会引起使用中药的不良反应;讨论：医、药、护人员都要严格按要求合理使用中药,患者也应接受正确的药物治疗教育,杜绝因服用中药不当而引起的不良反应.     

药品不良反应329例报告分析

为了全面了解药品不良反应发生的情况和上报质量,探讨ADR发生的易感因素,笔者对前2009—2010年间所收集的329例药品不良反应资料进行回顾性分析。