个性化鞋垫对步行足部感知及足功能的影响

目的 通过对主观舒适度和行走时足底压力的评测,整合主观感知和生物力学指标,探究个性化鞋垫对正常足型足部感知和足功能的影响。方法 招募16名具有正常足型的男性受试者,采用视觉模拟量表评价极简鞋和个性化鞋垫着鞋干预下主观舒适度指标的差异;通过单因素重复测量方差分析赤足、极简鞋、个性化鞋垫3种着鞋条件支撑期各阶段时间和足底压力的变化;通过多重线性回归筛选极简鞋和个性化鞋垫下影响着鞋总体舒适性的主要指标。结果 在足底压力测评上,着鞋行走的步态支撑期缓冲阶段高于赤足和极简鞋(P<0.05),个性化鞋垫的动态足弓指数(arch index, AI)大于极简鞋和赤足行走(P<0.05),极简鞋动态AI大于赤足(P<0.05),加入个性化鞋垫中足冲量占比高于赤足行走(P<0.05),着鞋时压力中心(center of pressure, COP)轨迹的平均斜率低于赤足(P<0.05),个性化鞋垫COP轨迹斜率低于极简鞋(P<0.05);在主观舒适度测评上,加入个性化鞋垫后鞋总体舒适性、后跟缓冲、前足缓冲、足弓支撑性、前足包裹和足部控制性高于极简鞋(P<0.05...     

偏瘫患者以不同步态模式通过障碍物的生物力学特征对比分析

目的 探讨偏瘫患者使用“健上患下”和“患上健下”步态模式通过障碍物的生物力学特征,为降低患者跌倒发生率提供理论依据。方法 采用Qualisys动作捕捉系统和三维测力台采集15名偏瘫患者正常行走、健上患下、患上健下通过障碍物的运动学和动力学数据,并对数据进行处理与分析。结果 与正常行走相比,健上患下和患上健下通过障碍物都不同程度增加了双侧的下肢活动幅度;与正常行走和健上患下相比,患上健下模式下患侧腿垂直地面反作用力出现较大波动,步态稳定性较差,具有较大跌倒风险。结论 患者通过障碍物时,对接触障碍物的一侧肢体关节活动幅度要求较高,患侧肢适应能力较差。在触地后单腿支撑期,垂直方向地面反作用力变化较大。当身体重量完全转移到该侧时,容易导致患者跌倒。相比患上健下,患者使用健上患下方式通过障碍物时能容易保持步态稳定性,降低跌倒风险。     

Radiographic and Tomographic Analysis in Patients with Stickler Syndrome Type I

Objective: To further investigate the underlying pathology of axial and appendicular skeletal abnormalities such as painful spine stiffness, gait abnormalities, early onset osteoarthritis and patellar instability in patients with Stickler syndrome type I. Radiographic and tomographic analyses were organized.Methods: From a series of Stickler syndrome patients followed from early life to late childhood. Ten patients (6 boys and four girls of different ethnic origins were consistent with the diagnosis of Stickler syndrome type I ). Phenotypic characterization was the baseline tool applied for all patients and genotypic correlation was performed on four familiesResults: A constellation of axial abnormalities namely; anterolateral ossification of the anterior longitudinal spinal ligament with subsequent fusion of two cervical vertebrae, early onset Forestier disease (progressive spinal hyperostosis with subsequent vertebral fusion on top of bridging osteophytes and “Bamboo-like spine” resembling ankylosing spondylitis) and severe premature spine degeneration were evident. Appendicular abnormalities in connection with generalized epiphyseal dysplasia were the underlying aetiology in patients with Intoeing gait and femoral anteversion, early onset severe osteoarthritis of the weight bearing joint. Remarkable trochleo-patellar dysplasia secondary to severe osteoarthritis causing effectively the development of patellar instability was additional pathology. Mutation of COL2A1 has been confirmed as the causative gene for Stickler syndrome type IConclusion: We concluded that conventional radiographs and the molecular determination of a COL2A1 in patients with (Stickler syndrome type I) are insufficient tools to explain the reasons behind the tremendous magnitude of axial and appendicular skeletal abnormalities. We were able to modify the criteria of the clinical phenotype as designated by Rose et al in accordance with the novel axial and appendicular criteria as emerged from within our current study.     

基于正常行走模式的功能性电刺激对脑卒中患者行走功能即时影响的随机对照研究

目的:通过三维步态分析系统,观察基于正常行走模式的功能性电刺激(FES)对脑卒中患者行走功能的即时影响,为其临床应用及推广提供依据。方法:将符合入组条件的47例脑卒中患者随机分为电刺激组(16例)、安慰电刺激组(15例)和对照组(16例)。电刺激组给予基于正常行走模式设计的四通道FES助行仪治疗,患者戴机行走5min;刺激肌肉分别为偏瘫侧胫前肌、股四头肌、腓肠肌及腘绳肌。安慰电刺激组的电刺激位置及行走时间与电刺激组相同,行走(5min)过程中没有电流输出;对照组不给予电刺激,只让患者行走5min。三组患者分别在治疗前及治疗5min后接受三维步态检查,并对结果进行分析。结果:三组组内治疗后与治疗前比较:电刺激组的步行周期、支撑时间、步行速度、步频、踝背伸角度、踝关节触地时角度均有改善(P0.05);安慰电刺激组仅在踝关节背伸和踝关节触地时角度有改善(P0.05);对照组所有参数均无改善,且跨步长缩短、踝关节背伸角度降低(P0.05)。三组组间比较:治疗后只有触地时踝关节背伸角度差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。进一步进行治疗前后变化率的组间比较,发现三组患者患侧步行周期、支撑时间、步行速度、步频、步长、跨步长、触地时踝关节背伸角度的差异均有显著性意义(P0.05)。结论:应用基于正常行走模式的FES治疗5min即可改善脑卒中患者的即时步行功能,长期效果尚待研究。     

三维步态分析对下肢生物力学变化的重测信度研究

目的:观察健康人在步行过程中下肢运动学、动力学、地面反作用力以及表面肌电信号的重测信度。方法:采用VICON (NEXUS 1.8.5)三维步态分析系统及NORAXON无线表面肌电图测试13名健康人步行过程中下肢运动学、动力学、地面反作用力以及表面肌电信号的重测信度。采用组内相关系数(ICC)及测量标准误(SEM)比较两次测试结果的相对信度与绝对信度。结果:步行过程中步速、下肢运动学、动力学、地面反作用力以及表面肌电信号均具有良好的重测信度ICC 0.78～0.96,运动学参数测量标准误SEM%为4.18～15.6,动力学参数SEM%为3.31～21.82,地面反作用力SEM%为1.70～16.67,表面肌电信号SEM%为8.00～11.11。结论:三维步态分析系统结合表面肌电图可用于评估步行时下肢运动学、动力学、地面反作用力以及表面肌电信号,且具有良好的重测信度。     

Balance exercise in patients with chronic sensory ataxic neuropathy: a pilot study

Although exercise therapy is considered part of the treatment of neuropathic patients, and somatosensory input is essential for motor learning, performance and neural plasticity, rehabilitation of patients with sensory ataxia has received little attention so far. The aim of this prospective pilot study was to explore the short‐ and medium‐term efficacy of a 3‐week intensive balance and treadmill exercise program in chronic ataxic neuropathy patients; 20 consecutive patients with leg overall disability sum score (ODSS‐leg) ≥2, absent/mild motor signs, clinical and therapeutic stability ≥4 months were enrolled. Evaluations were done at baseline, at the end of treatment and at 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up. Outcome measurements included: ODSS‐leg, Berg balance scale, 6‐min walk distance, and the functional independence measure (FIM) scale. The short‐form‐36 health status scale (SF‐36) was used to measure health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). ODSS‐leg improved significantly compared with baseline, 3 weeks, 3 months (primary outcome), and 6 months follow‐up. A significant improvement in all functional secondary outcome measurements and in some SF‐36 subscales was also observed. This pilot study suggests that balance exercise is safe and well tolerated and might be effective in ameliorating disability and HRQoL in patients with chronic peripheral sensory ataxia.     

Effects of a 4-Week Self-Ankle Mobilization with Movement Intervention on Ankle Passive Range of Motion,Balance, Gait,and Activities of Daily Living in Patients with Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Study

Goal

To compare the effects of a 4-week self-ankle mobilization with movement training program with those of self-ankle mobilization with movement with a 10° inclined board in patients with chronic stroke.

虚拟现实技术对脑卒中患者偏瘫步态训练的临床研究

摘要 目的：探讨临床中应用虚拟现实（VR）技术对脑卒中患者行走及平衡功能的影响。 方法：选择病程为8个月内的脑卒中偏瘫患者30例,随机分配到实验组（VR+基本药物+常规康复治疗）和对照组（基本药物+常规康复治疗）,采用三维步态分析仪记录两组患者治疗前及治疗2周后的步速、步宽、支撑相百分比、膝关节活动度等步态参数。 结果：治疗2周后,两组患者的步速明显提高、步宽缩小,患健侧支撑相比值、步态不对称性指数、髋关节最大伸展角度、膝关节最大屈曲角度等参数于治疗前后有显著差异（P＜0.05）;治疗后两组间相比,实验组的治疗效果明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）。 结论：通过VR技术能明显改善脑卒中偏瘫患者的步态时空参数和步行中关节活动角度,对提高步态稳定性、改善步行能力、提高运动功能康复有积极的治疗效果。