当归饮片趁鲜切制的可行性探讨

目的:探讨当归饮片趁鲜切制代替传统切制方法的可行性。方法:采用化学手段,建立多指标定量、定性评价的方法,评价不同方法切制的当归饮片质量。结果:趁鲜切制的饮片其主要药效成分藁本内酯的含量均低于传统的二次软化切制方法制备的饮片,2种方法切制饮片的指纹图谱相似度基本在90%以上。结论:以趁鲜切制法代替传统切制方法似乎有些不妥,2种方法切制的饮片临床效果是否有差别,仍需进一步研究。     

基于鲜药材的中药现代炮制技术

通过对植物药材中目标成分次生代谢积累过程的研究确定药材最佳采收期及采收部位,以及通过对影响并降解次生代谢产物的微生物和酶的研究确定鲜药材的前处理加工方法,并探索性提出运用代谢理论创新基于鲜药材的中药炮制思路.     

Alkalinization of urine samples preserves albumin concentrations during prolonged frozen storage in patients with diabetes mellitus

Background In epidemiological studies in patients with diabetes, urine samples are often stored frozen prior to assessment of urinary albumin concentration (UAC). However, prolonged frozen storage may result in a falsely low UAC. In the current study, we investigated whether adjustment of urinary pH to alkaline values prior to frozen storage can prevent this problem. Methods Urine samples were collected in 90 patients from our diabetes outpatient clinic and divided into two portions. One portion was first adjusted to pH > 8.0 with 0.1 m sodium hydroxide, the other was left unprocessed. Both portions were divided into aliquots. UAC was assessed in fresh samples and after 7 days, 1, 6 and 12 months of storage at ?20 and ?80°C. Results Until 1 month of storage there were no significant changes in UAC. After longer storage, UAC fell significantly in pH unadjusted samples stored at ?20°C, with a ?7.6% (27.8) and ?13.6% (31.7) change after 6 and 12 months storage, respectively. No significant change in UAC occurred in pH adjusted samples stored at ?20°C or when samples were stored at ?80°C, both with and without pH adjustment. Variation in UAC assessed after 12 months of storage was larger for samples stored at ?20°C without adjustment of pH than for the samples stored with pH adjustment or stored at ?80°C. Conclusions Urine alkalinization to pH > 8.0 prevents the decline in UAC associated with 12 months of frozen storage at ?20°C and results in lower variation between samples after storage.     

新鲜羊膜移植治疗兔角膜碱烧伤的光镜和电镜观察

目的观察新鲜羊膜移植治疗兔角膜碱烧伤的组织学变化。方法21只（42眼）新西兰大白兔制作角膜碱烧伤模型；15只（30眼）为实验组，6只（12眼）为对照组；实验组行新鲜羊膜移植术，对照组不处理。分别取术后第1周、第2周、第4周的角膜进行光镜及电镜观察。结果术后第1周、第2周及第4周观察发现，对照组眼表面及角膜基质中有较多的炎性细胞浸润，上皮形状不规则，排列不整齐，第4周表现最明显；实验组炎性细胞浸润较少，上皮排列较整齐，显示新鲜羊膜有较强的抑制炎症并促进上皮生长的作用。通过透射电镜观察，发现新鲜羊膜移植组角膜上皮生长良好、表面有丰富的微绒毛、胶原纤维排列整齐，细胞间桥粒连接较多；对照组无上皮生长，胶原纤维排列紊乱。结论新鲜羊膜移植术在角膜碱烧伤治疗中有抑制炎症反应、促进上皮生长的作用，能够有效地促进角膜上皮的愈合及细胞之间的紧密连接。     

黄浦区现制现售纯净水卫生学的现况调查

[目的]了解现制现售纯净水的卫生学状况,为今后对类似加盟连锁合作经营的现制现售纯净水制备场所进行预防性和经常性卫生监督确定关键控制点,进一步结合微生物学检查,为国家制定卫生标准提供参考依据.[方法]采用现况调查的方法,共调查本辖区内现制现售纯净水站24家和现制现售自动售水机26台,主要调查其生产条件、卫生设施、人员健康及个人卫生,并对现制现售纯净水、桶装水及有关可能影响卫生质量的因素进行主要微生物和理化指标分析.主要指标:色度、臭和味、浑浊度、pH、铅、砷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、耗氧量、电导率、细菌总数、总大肠茵群、粪大肠菌群.水质检测评判标准:<生活饮用水水质处理器卫生安全评价规范--反渗透处理装置>(2001);<中华人民共和国瓶装饮用纯净水卫生标准>GB 17324-2003. [结果]24家净水站均制作桶装水,均无生产日期标识,健康证持有率为58.93%;自动售水机(26台)露天放置,缺乏必要安全防护.在50件现制现售纯净水样中,细菌总数、总大肠菌群、粪大肠茵群合格率均为100%,色度、臭和味、pH、铅、砷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳合格率均为100%,浑浊度合格率96.0%,耗氧量合格率82.0%,电导率不合格率为100%.在现制现售桶装纯净水96件中,细菌总数合格率81.3%.总大肠茵群合格率96.9%,粪大肠菌群合格率100%.现制现售纯净水与现制现售桶装纯净水的细菌总数比较,x2=10.69,P<0.005,两者的差别有统计学意义. [结论]加强市场准入和经常性卫生监督势在必行,应细化和完善各项监督和监测指标.以确保市场上现制现售纯净水的卫生、安全.     

尿激酶受体反义RNA真核表达质粒的构建

目的构建尿激酶受体(UPAR)基因pcDNA3.1(-)真核表达质粒,为进一步研究通过UPAR干预类风湿关节炎的发生发展提供实验基础。方法取冰冻保存的小鼠肝癌组织,应用TRIzol法提取总RNA,琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测RNA完整性,并用紫外分光核酸蛋白分析仪测定RNA浓度和纯度。使用一步法逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)试剂盒获得目的基因(UPAR)cDNA片段。用CaCl2法诱导感受态细胞。将真核载体pcDNA3.1(-)在多克隆位点处用HindⅢ、BamHⅠ双酶切线性化,切胶纯化回收;将纯化回收的pcDNA3.1(-)线性化载体和UPAR基因片段定向及反向连接,构建以pcDNA3.1(-)为载体的反义UPAR基因表达质粒;转化JM109大肠杆菌;酶切证实的阳性克隆行测序分析。结果琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测RNA完整性,见28S,18S条带完整,而且28S条带亮度为18S的1倍左右,认为RNA完整性良好,并用紫外分光核酸蛋白分析仪测定RNA纯度A260/A280=1.9051,认为RNA纯度良好;RNA浓度为450mg/L;阳性克隆经双酶切后行10g/L琼脂糖电泳,在DNAMarker500bp和5.3bp附近可见两条明显条带,与所需目的片段大小相符,证实为阳性克隆,重组质粒构建成功;DNA测序结果与预期目的片段序列一致。结论反义UPAR真核表达重组质粒构建成功。     

Successful pregnancy in an ovulating recipient following the transfer of two frozen-thawed embryos obtained from anonymously donated oocytes

A fertile woman suffering from mild dystrophia myotonica had undergone sterilization because of the 50% genetic risk of this disease developing in her offspring. In her second treatment cycle on the donor oocyte program, four anonymously donated oocytes were inseminated with frozen-thawed sperm of her husband. Three embryos were obtained and two surviving embryos were deep-frozen at the eight-cell stage and kept in storage for 9 months. These embryos were successfully thawed and transferred to the recipient 97 hr after the onset of her luteinizing hormone surge. A normal singleton pregnancy developed and a healthy male infant was delivered by cesarean section at 36 weeks of gestation.     

Does imprint cytology of brain tumours improve intraoperative diagnoses?

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy using frozen sections only and a combination of imprint cytology and frozen sections. MATERIAL AND METHODS: After introduction of imprint cytology as a supplement to frozen sections in 1999, 153 patients with brain tumours underwent stereotactic or open surgery. An equal number of cases prior to 1999 were chosen for comparison. Intraoperative diagnoses were compared with final diagnoses based on paraffin sections of the same tissue samples. The number of delayed intraoperative diagnoses was noted in each patient group. RESULTS: The combined use of the two techniques improved intraoperative diagnostic accuracy from 87 to 91% while the delayed intraoperative diagnoses were significantly reduced from 30 to 8. The choice of surgical procedure did not affect the outcome of the pathological investigations. CONCLUSION: A combination of frozen sections and imprints significantly reduced the number of delayed intraoperative diagnoses. Intraoperative diagnostic accuracy was improved, although not to a statistically significant level. Choice of surgical procedure did not affect the diagnostic outcome.     

Potent suppressive activity of fresh and dried peels from Satsuma mandarin Citrus unshiu (Marcorv.) on hydroperoxide generation from oxidized linoleic acid

The effects of various extracts prepared from fresh and dried peels of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcov.) on hydroperoxide generation from oxidized linoleic acid were compared under different extraction conditions. The cold-and hot-water extracts of fresh peels showed significant suppressive activity against hydroperoxide generation in a dose-dependent manner. However, the methanol or acetone extract of fresh peels did not exhibit significant suppressive effects. The commercially available ascorbic acids equivalent to their concentrations in the water extracts of fresh peels showed roughly equal antioxidative activities compared with those of the water extracts of fresh peels. Although the cold- and hot- water extracts of dried peels indicated a considerable reduction of ascorbic acid concentration, they exhibited much higher antioxidative activities than those of the fresh peels. The methanol extract of dried peels also showed significant antioxidative activities, but did not contain significant ascorbic acid. These results suggest that the fresh peels of Satsuma mandarin have potential antioxidant activities, and the drying treatment of fresh peels caused an enhancement of the antioxidant activity. The pharmacological significance of this finding is discussed.     

Discrepancies in frozen section mucosal margin tissue in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Head and neck surgeons commonly request frozen sections. Practice patterns vary from laboratory to laboratory on how the tissue is used in performing the frozen section. Some pathologists wish to see all the material submitted by consuming it completely during frozen section, whereas others reserve some for permanent section. We wished to determine whether knowledge of margin status was initially inaccurate because of reserving tissue for permanent section. METHODS: Sixty-five laryngectomies (total and partial) with margin assessment enhanced by frozen section evaluation were studied. Forty-five laryngectomy specimens, generating 249 frozen sections in which a permanent section was prepared from tissue remaining from frozen section examination, were studied. RESULTS: Five of the 249 frozen sections contained a discrepancy between the frozen section and permanent section because of insufficient leveling of the frozen section block. These five discrepancies were called negative on frozen section, but permanent section revealed dysplasia (two cases of mild dysplasia, one case with moderate dysplasia, and one case with severe dysplasia) or carcinoma in situ (one case). Twenty laryngectomies in which the frozen section tissue was consumed at the time of frozen section generated 103 frozen sections. In eight of the frozen sections involving six cases, the diagnostic tissue was not present on one or two of the frozen section levels examined. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that in examining margins for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma the frozen section tissue should be completely sampled by examining several levels at the time of frozen section. This requires consuming or exhausting the frozen section tissue rather than reserving any remaining frozen tissue for a paraffin-embedded permanent section.