口腔颌面部异物36例临床分析

目的:探讨口腔颌面部异物伤的诊断与治疗及影像学诊断的重要性。方法 :选择2003-01—2010-12期间收治的,影像和病历资料完善的口腔颌面部异物存留伤36例。分析异物类型,并对临床疗效进行评估。结果:36例异物存留伤患者中,金属异物12例,非金属异物24例。择期异物取出26例;需要急诊清创者10例,而清创术可一期取出异物者6例,4例延期取出。30例经常规X线片检查后,需经CT或三维CT检查进一步定位,评估手术取出的可行性及风险。其中26例经手术取出,4例保留并观察。结论:三维CT在非金属异物存留伤诊疗中起到重要的作用;必须根据异物大小、部位及与周围大血管的毗邻关系,患者全身情况等综合因素判定是否手术及手术时机。     

Gender Bias in the Education System: Perceptions of Teacher–Student Sexual Relationships

Research on perceptions of child sexual abuse has documented gender bias favouring female perpetrators. The current study aimed to determine if previous findings into perceptions of child sexual abuse translated to perceptions of abuse of adolescent students by school teachers using a theoretical framework of attribution and gender-development theory. Randomly selected participants (86 female and 44 males) responded to a brief vignette about a student–teacher sexual relationship (male teacher/female student or female teacher/male student). Results identified a gender bias in favour of female teachers on emotional reactions of anger and desire for consequences. Female participants expressed greater anger and rated the sexual relationship as more serious than their male counterparts. Results suggest that adolescent victims were seen as relatively mature and suffering less harm than younger aged victims. Finally, results suggest that attributions made by both men and women regarding teacher–student sexual relationships were consistent with traditional gender-role stereotypes.     

护理硕士研究生质量与安全能力临床评估量表的汉化及信效度检验

口咽通气导管为一种非气管导管性通气管道,其操作简便,易于掌握,不需要特殊器械能在数秒钟内迅速获得有效通气,并保持呼吸道通畅,在抢救危重、昏迷患者过程中发挥着重要的作用[1].但传统口咽通气导管使用中因不易固定,容易全部滑入患者口腔,有并发食管、气管异物,引起患者误吸、窒息甚至危及患者生命的危险[2].为此,我科对传统口咽通气导管进行改良,介绍如下.     

Alcohol-related affordances and group subjectivities: A Q-Methodology study

Aims: An Ecological approach to alcohol behaviour focuses on understanding individual–environment transactions, rather than on cognitive antecedents of behaviour. Meaning exists in the interdependence of individuals and their environments, in terms of affordances. Through subjective experience, this study focussed on group viewpoints related to alcohol-related affordances, or opportunities to consume alcohol in shared drinking environments. Methods: Forty students with a range of self-reported drinking behaviours participated in a Q-Methodology study, ranking 60 statements along a symmetrical grid. This varied concourse of alcohol-related affordances was obtained from a previous observation study within licenced premises and a photo-elicitation interview study with drinkers. Findings: Factor analysis and post-sort interviews revealed four subjective perspectives held by groups about their drinking behaviour: 13 participants were aware of contextual influences, but autonomous in their drinking choices; 12 participants were conscious of influences and compliant to their effects; six participants were unaware of influences, but unanimous with their peers; two participants were concerned about acting appropriately in a context by taking up canonical affordances. Conclusions: Grouping subjectivities from a varied concourse of affordances can reveal subjective experience in relation to drinking environments and alcohol behaviour. This conceptual approach for understanding drinking behaviour should be studied further.