丹参川芎嗪联合阿托伐他汀对2型糖尿病合并颈动脉粥样硬化患者的血脂及颈动脉血流参数的影响

目的 探究丹参川芎嗪注射液联合阿托伐他汀钙片对2型糖尿病合并颈动脉粥样硬化患者血脂及颈动脉血流参数的影响。方法 选取2016年3月-2018年5月杨凌示范区医院收治的80例2型糖尿病合并颈动脉粥样硬化患者,根据入院顺序随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各40例。对照组在常规控制血糖的基础上口服阿托伐他汀钙片,10 mg/次,2次/d;观察组在对照组的基础上静脉滴注丹参川芎嗪注射液,10 mL用生理盐水稀释至250 mL,1次/d。两组均治疗6个月。比较治疗前后两组患者血脂及颈动脉血流参数。结果 治疗后,两组三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDLC）均明显低于治疗前,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）明显高于治疗前,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;且观察组各指标明显优于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组阻力指数（RI）、搏动指数（PI）均明显低于治疗前,血液平均流速（V_mean）与收缩期血液峰值流速（PSV）均明显高于治疗前,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;且观察组各指标显著优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 丹参川芎嗪注射液联合阿托伐他汀钙片治疗2型糖尿病合并颈动脉粥样硬化可有效降低患者血脂水平,改善颈动脉血流参数,从而改善颈动脉粥样硬化,值得临床推广应用。     

冠状动脉介入术后血流与靶血管直径相关

目的:评价冠状动脉支架术后血流与血管直径的相关性。方法:对192例行冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗患者的224支靶血管进行定量冠状动脉造影(QCA)分析和术前术后TIMI帧数分析。术前术后TIMI帧数差值进行三分位数分组,≤2为"慢血流组",3~9为"正常血流组",≥10为"快血流组"。同时根据参考血管直径分成大血管组(≥4 mm)、正常血管组(2.76~4.0 mm)、小血管组(≤2.75 mm)。对3组的冠状动脉病变特征和基线资料进行比较。比较不同直径血管的病变特征。对术后血流的相关危险因素进行多元线性回归分析。结果:慢血流组、正常血流组和快血流组患者靶血管参考血管直径分别为(3.4±0.7)mm、(3.2±0.7)mm和(3.2±0.7)mm,P0.05。大血管在慢血流组、正常血流组和快血流组的比率分别为29%(23/78)、10%(8/80)和14%(9/66),P0.01。≥4 mm血管组和4 mm血管组的斑块面积分别为(23±11)mm2和(15±8)mm2,P0.01。多元回归分析PCI术后血流状态的危险因素为年龄(P0.05)和参考血管直径(P0.01)。结论:PCI术后血流与冠状动脉血管直径相关。血管直径越大发生介入术后慢血流的几率越高。     

From short‐term blood pressure variability to atherosclerosis: Relative roles of vascular stiffness and endothelial dysfunction

Both arterial blood pressure (BP) average levels and short‐term BP variability (BPV) relate to hypertension‐mediated organ damage, in particular increased carotid artery intima‐media thickness (IMT) and carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV). Endothelial dysfunction possibly mediates such damage. The authors aimed at further investigating such role in hypertensive patients. In 189 recently diagnosed, untreated hypertensive patients the authors evaluated, in a cross‐sectional design, the relationships of BP average levels and short‐term systolic (S) BPV (standard deviation of awake SBP or of 24‐hour‐weighted SBP) with IMT and PWV, and how much these relationships are explained by endothelial function parameters—brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) and digital reactive hyperemia index (RHI). Multivariable models assessed the strength of these relationships to derive a plausible pathogenetic sequence. Both average SBP values and our measures of SBPV were significantly related to IMT (24‐hour mean SBP: r = .156, P = .034; 24‐hour‐weighted SBPV: r = .157, P = .033) and to PWV (24‐hour mean SBP: r = .179, P = .015; 24‐hour‐weighted SBPV: r = .175; P = .018), but only poorly related to FMD or RHI (P > .05 for all). At univariable regression analysis, FMD and RHI were both related to IMT, (P < .001), but not to PWV. When FMD and RHI were added to average SBP and SBPV parameters in a multivariable model, both significantly (P < .005) contributed to predict IMT, but not PWV. Thus, endothelial dysfunction relates to IMT independently of BP parameters, but appears to play a minor role in the association between BP variability‐related variables and arterial stiffening.     

Characterization of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 5 Levels in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Exposed to Disturbed and Uniform Flow

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) has been reported to regulate endothelial cell integrity and protect from vascular dysfunction under continuous laminar flow. However, the effect of flow on ERK5 levels has not been determined. Confluent human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were seeded on fibronectin coated glass slides and serum starved for 2 hours with 1% fetal bovine serum (FBS). HUVECs were then exposed to to and fro flow (TFF), pulsatile forward flow (PFF), or continuous laminar flow (CLF) in a parallel plate flow chamber for up to 2 hours. At the end of experiment, cell lysates were prepared and immunoblotted with antibodies to total ERK5. Both CLF and TFF exhibited a decrease in ERK5 after levels after 2-hour exposure. However, the level of ERK5 for PFF remained the same. Disturbed, but not uniform pulsatile, flow decreases ERK5 levels in HUVECs.     

疏血通注射液联合尼麦角林治疗急性脑梗死的临床研究

目的探讨疏血通注射液联合注射用尼麦角林治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法选取2017年1月—2018年6月南阳市中心医院收治的86例急性脑梗死患者为研究对象,全部患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各43例。对照组静脉滴注注射用尼麦角林,4 mg加入到0.9%氯化钠注射液100 mL中,2次/d。治疗组在对照组的基础上静脉滴注疏血通注射液,6m L加入到5%葡萄糖注射液250m L中,1次/d。两组患者均持续治疗2周。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组的神经损伤指标、细胞凋亡指标、脑血流参数、神经功能缺损评分。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为74.42%、90.70%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组的血清胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、β-肌动蛋白(β-actin)和心型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)水平较治疗前明显下降,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组血清IGF-1、β-actin和H-FABP水平明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的血清半胱天冬酶-3(caspase-3)水平较同组治疗前下降,而血清B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)蛋白水平较同组治疗前上升,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组各指标明显优于对照组优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组的颈总动脉平均血流速度(Vmean)、颈动脉平均血流量(Qmean)较同组治疗前均升高,脑血管外周阻力(Rv)较同组治疗前下降,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组各指标明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分较治疗前显著下降,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组NIHSS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论疏血通注射液联合注射用尼麦角林治疗急性脑梗死具有较好的临床疗效,可降低神经功能损伤,抑制细胞凋亡,改善脑血流状态,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients With Peritoneal Dialysis by an Easy Z‐Score Imaging System for Brain Perfusion Single‐Photon Emission Tomography

Cognitive impairment has long been recognized as a complication of chronic kidney disease. However, there is little information available regarding regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD). Therefore, we evaluated rCBF using brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). We conducted a cross‐sectional study in our hospital. Eighteen consecutive PD patients who could visit the hospital by themselves without any history of stroke were examined by Technetium‐99 m‐labeled ethylcrysteinate dimer brain SPECT. An easy Z‐score imaging system (eZIS) was used to compare rCBF in PD patients with those in age‐matched healthy controls. We also evaluated cognitive dysfunction with the mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) questionnaire. Only one patient showed an MMSE score of 18 points, and the remaining 14 patients were considered as normal (MMSE ≥ 27), and three patients were considered to have mild cognitive impairment (24 ≤ MMSE ≤ 26). In all patients, rCBF in the posterior cingulated gyri, precunei, and parietal cortices was significantly decreased. The ratio of the reduction of rCBF in each region relative to that of rCBF across the whole brain correlated positively with the PD duration (r = 0.559; P < 0.05). The serum β2‐microglobulin level was significantly higher in patients who had a higher ratio of rCBF reduction compared with those with lower ratios. In conclusion, all PD patients in the present study had decreased rCBF irrespective of MMSE scores.     

Climbing fiber projections in relation to zebrin stripes in the ventral uvula in pigeons

The cerebellum consists of sagittally oriented zones that are delineated by afferent input, Purkinje cell response properties, and the expression of molecular markers such as zebrin II (ZII). ZII is heterogeneously expressed in Purkinje cells such that there are parasagittal stripes of high expression (ZII+) interdigitated with stripes of little or no expression (ZII?). In pigeons, folium IXcd consists of seven pairs of ZII+/? stripes denoted P1+/? (medial) to P7+/? (lateral). In the present study we examined the climbing fiber input to the medial half of folium IXcd, the ventral uvula, which spans the medial two stripe pairs (P1+/? to P2+/?). Purkinje cells in the ventral uvula respond to patterns of optic flow resulting from self‐motion through the environment along translational axes and their climbing fibers originate in the lateral half of the medial column in the inferior olive (mcIO). Using anterograde injections into this region of the mcIO, we found the following topographic relationship: climbing fibers from the caudal lateral mcIO were located in P1+ and medial P1? ZII stripes; climbing fibers from the rostral lateral mcIO were located in lateral P2+ and P2? ZII stripes, and climbing fibers from the middle lateral mcIO were located in lateral P1? and medial P2+ ZII stripes. These data complement our previous findings showing a topographic relationship between Purkinje cell responses to optic flow visual stimuli and ZII stripes. Taken together, we suggest that a ZII+/? stripe pair may represent a functional unit in the pigeon vestibulocerebellum. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:3629–3643, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Water reservoir maintained by cell growth fuels the spreading of a bacterial swarm

Flagellated bacteria can swim across moist surfaces within a thin layer of fluid, a means for surface colonization known as swarming. This fluid spreads with the swarm, but how it does so is unclear. We used micron-sized air bubbles to study the motion of this fluid within swarms of Escherichia coli. The bubbles moved diffusively, with drift. Bubbles starting at the swarm edge drifted inward for the first 5 s and then moved outward. Bubbles starting 30 μm from the swarm edge moved inward for the first 20 s, wandered around in place for the next 40 s, and then moved outward. Bubbles starting at 200 or 300 μm from the edge moved outward or wandered around in place, respectively. So the general trend was inward near the outer edge of the swarm and outward farther inside, with flows converging on a region about 100 μm from the swarm edge. We measured cellular metabolic activities with cells expressing a short-lived GFP and cell densities with cells labeled with a membrane fluorescent dye. The fluorescence plots were similar, with peaks about 80 μm from the swarm edge and slopes that mimicked the particle drift rates. These plots suggest that net fluid flow is driven by cell growth. Fluid depth is largest in the multilayered region between approximately 30 and 200 μm from the swarm edge, where fluid agitation is more vigorous. This water reservoir travels with the swarm, fueling its spreading. Intercellular communication is not required; cells need only grow.