机器人辅助腹腔镜与输尿管软镜杂交手术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻合并肾结石

目的 探讨机器人辅助腹腔镜肾盂成型术与输尿管软镜杂交手术治疗合并肾结石的复杂肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(UPJO)的可行性.方法 回顾分析我科于2012年5月至2013年8月收治的5例UPJO合并肾结石患者的临床资料,其中单发肾下极结石3例,多发结石2例.所有患者均采用机器人辅助腹腔镜肾盂成型术联合输尿管软镜取石杂交手术治疗.结果 5例均顺利完成手术,无严重手术并发症,实际手术时间平均(132.4±24.8)min,平均软镜取石时间(25.4±11.9)min,软镜均能完整探查肾脏集合系统,术后复查提示结石取净率达100％.术后随访6个月,所有患者不适症状均明显减轻,仅1例患者仍有2 cm肾积水,其余4例UPJ成型效果满意.结论 机器人辅助腹腔镜与输尿管软镜杂交手术治疗合并肾结石的复杂性UPJO安全可行.     

纤维支气管镜在先天性心脏病患儿围手术期中的临床应用

目的:探讨柔韧纤维支气管镜(FFB)在先天性心脏病(CHD)患儿术前、术中、术后(即围手术期)的临床应用。方法:总结采用FFB对2009年11月~2012年6月期间235例CHD患儿进行的诊断和治疗。结果:FFB对CHD患儿围手术期的肺不张、肺部感染和肺出血的治疗具有明显效果,还可以作为CHD并发气道结构异常病变的辅助诊断手段。所有病例均无与FFB相关的死亡、大出血、气胸和心律失常等严重并发症发生,部分患儿有一过性氧饱和度下降。结论:FFB检查是小儿气道病变诊断的金标准,能够较安全地用于CHD患儿术前、术中、术后的诊断与治疗。     

Multilevel mixed effects parametric survival models using adaptive Gauss–Hermite quadrature with application to recurrent events and individual participant data meta‐analysis

Multilevel mixed effects survival models are used in the analysis of clustered survival data, such as repeated events, multicenter clinical trials, and individual participant data (IPD) meta‐analyses, to investigate heterogeneity in baseline risk and covariate effects. In this paper, we extend parametric frailty models including the exponential, Weibull and Gompertz proportional hazards (PH) models and the log logistic, log normal, and generalized gamma accelerated failure time models to allow any number of normally distributed random effects. Furthermore, we extend the flexible parametric survival model of Royston and Parmar, modeled on the log‐cumulative hazard scale using restricted cubic splines, to include random effects while also allowing for non‐PH (time‐dependent effects). Maximum likelihood is used to estimate the models utilizing adaptive or nonadaptive Gauss–Hermite quadrature. The methods are evaluated through simulation studies representing clinically plausible scenarios of a multicenter trial and IPD meta‐analysis, showing good performance of the estimation method. The flexible parametric mixed effects model is illustrated using a dataset of patients with kidney disease and repeated times to infection and an IPD meta‐analysis of prognostic factor studies in patients with breast cancer. User‐friendly Stata software is provided to implement the methods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗重复输尿管畸形合并上尿路结石5例报告

目的探讨输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗重复输尿管畸形合并上尿路结石的有效性和安全性。方法回顾2012年7月至2014年5月我院收治的5例采用输尿管软镜钬激光治疗的重复输尿管畸形合并上尿路结石患者的临床及随访资料,结合文献资料进行分析。男性2例,女性3例;平均年龄32.2(25~40)岁;上位肾结石1例,下位肾结石1例,输尿管上段结石2例,输尿管上段结石合并下位肾结石1例。结石大小平均1.5(1.0~2.2)cm。结果 4例患者成功碎石,1例因输尿管狭窄上鞘失败改为经皮肾镜碎石术。术后1个月结石完全排净率为75%(3/4),1例残留结石经体外冲击波碎石后结石排出。所有患者术中及术后无输尿管损伤,无明显出血、发热及尿脓毒血症发生。随访3~20个月,结石无复发,患者的肾积水均有不同程度的改善。结论输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗重复输尿管畸形合并上尿路结石安全、有效。     

Balloon angioplasty for treatment of in-stent restenosis: feasibility,safety, and efficacy

Sixty patients with 1 or 2 stainless steel intracoronary stents (Cook, Inc.) underwent balloon angioplasty for in-stent restenosis 1.5–13.5 months after stenting. Seventy-five in-stent redilatation procedures were performed. Seventy-three restenotic lesions (97%) were successfully recrossed and dilated, reducing the mean pre-angioplasty intrastent diameter stenosis from 77 ± 12% to 20 ± 11% residual. Although one angioplasty (1.3%) was complicated by non-Q-wave infarction, no angioplasty-related death, acute closure, need for additional stenting, emergent coronary bypass surgery, side branch occlusion, or vascular sequelae occurred. Post-procedure heparin was not used in 83% of successful cases. Most patients were discharged the day following redilatation (mean in-hospital stay 1.7 ± 1.3 days). At 5.4 ± 3.4 months following in-stent angioplasty, 84% of patients were in Canadian Cardiovascular Society class 0 or I. In conclusion, balloon dilatation in this stent for restenosis appears simple and efficacious in the short term, and may entail less risk than dilatation of unprotected coronary vessels. © 1994 Wiley-Liss,Inc..     

Flexible sigmoidoscopy may be ineffective for secondary prevention of colorectal cancer in asymptomatic,average-risk men

Asymptomatic men (N=114) 50 years of age or older had screening for colorectal neoplasia with flexible sigmoidoscopy followed by colonoscopy regardless of the sigmoidoscopic result. Our study objective was to determine the prevalence of patients having isolated adenomatous polyps in a proximal colonic segment in the absence of a distal index neoplasm within reach of the sigmoidoscope. Through the combined use of sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy, adenomatous polyps were detected in 47 of 114 individuals (41%). A total of 88 adenomas was found. Seventeen patients had isolated neoplasms in proximal colonic segments in the absence of distal adenomas. These patients represented 15% of screened subjects (17 of 114) and 20% of individuals who lacked adenomas on sigmoidoscopy (17 of 84). The majority of proximal neoplasms were small (<1.0 cm), tubular adenomas. Flexible sigmoidoscopy may be ineffective for screening asymptomatic men for neoplasia. However, it remains to be determined if a 20% miss rate (for those with a normal sigmoidoscopic examination) is significant and whether small proximal adenomas are worth finding.     

Use of laryngeal mask airway in flexible bronchoscopy in infants and children

In the past two decades, flexible bronchoscopy (FB) has gained increasing popularity among pediatric pulmonologists. The objective of this study was to review our experience with pediatric flexible bronchoscopy over the past 15 years, with special focus on route of bronchoscopy. This is a retrospective study. We reviewed our pediatric FB procedures performed at the University of Michigan, Mott Children's Hospital, from 1988-2003. The study included 1,947 procedures in 1,548 patients, with a mean of 1.3 procedures/patient. The male:female ratio was 1.66:1, and age was 4.9 +/- 5.6 years (mean +/- SD). Patients <2 years of age represented 46.6% of the study population. The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) was the most common route for flexible bronchoscopy in children 2 years of age and above. Complication rates were lower with the use of the LMA (1.9%) compared to the nasal route (3.5%). Stridor was the most common indication in the age group <2 years (20.8%), while persistent pulmonary infiltrates were more common in the older age groups (32.2-37%). Laryngomalacia was the most common finding in patients with stridor (31.5%), while inflammatory changes were more common with other indications. Procedure-related complications were reported in 2.3% of procedures. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were obtained and analyzed in 51.2% of FB procedures (n=1,000), of which 19.4% yielded positive microbiology cultures. In conclusion, FB is a safe procedure in pediatrics. Children less than 7 years of age represent the majority of FB subjects. The LMA offered a lower rate of procedure-related complications when compared to the nasal route or endotracheal tube. It also reduced procedure time and anesthesia time.