红直獐牙菜的苷类成分

目的：研究红直獐牙菜的苷类成分。方法：采用硅胶柱层析分离和Sephadex LH20纯化,经理化性质和波谱分析鉴定基化学结构。结果：从红直獐牙菜的水溶性部分得到7个化合物,他们分别为8－O－β－D-吡喃葡萄糖－1,5－二羟基－3－甲氧基Shan酮（I）、8－O－β－D－吡喃葡萄糖－1,3,5－三羟基Shan酮（Ⅱ）、1－O－β－D－吡喃葡萄糖－3,7,8－三羟基Shan酮（Ⅲ）、异荭草苷（Ⅳ）、落干酸（V）、龙胆苦苷（Ⅵ）和β－龙胆二糖（Ⅶ）。结论：化合物Ⅲ、Ⅳ、V和Ⅶ为首次从该植物中分得。     

黄芩茎叶总黄酮抗心律失常作用研究

目的：观察黄芩茎叶总黄酮（以下简称总黄酮）的抗心律失常作用。方法：采用乌头碱和冠状动脉结扎复灌诱发大鼠的室性心律失常、哇巴因诱发豚鼠的室性心律失常模型，记录总黄酮对乌头碱和哇巴因致室早（VP）、室颤（VF）、心脏停跳（HS）的剂量和冠状动脉结扎复灌至VP、VF及HS发生率。结果：总黄酮20，40mg/kg显著增加乌头碱致VP、VF及HS的阈剂量，减少冠脉结扎复灌诱发大鼠VP、VF及HS的发生率；可提高哇巴因诱发豚鼠VP、VF的阈剂量，但对致死剂量无明显影响。结论：总黄酮对实验性心律失常有显著的拮抗作用。     

Estimation of Flavonoid Intake in Older Australians: Secondary Data Analysis of the Blue Mountains Eye Study

Flavonoids, consumed in plant-based foods, have been linked to risk reduction of cancers, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. The paucity of information on dietary sources and quantities of flavonoid intake in older adults limits interpretation of epidemiological studies that link flavonoid intake with health outcomes in this population. It was our aim to describe total flavonoid intake, including flavonoid subclasses, in older Australians and to identify rich and commonly consumed sources of flavonoids in this age group. Twelve days of weighed food record dietary data from a subsample of the Blue Mountains Eye Study baseline cohort study of older Australians (n = 79) was analyzed using the US Department of Agriculture flavonoid database. Mean intake of flavonoids was estimated to be 683 mg/day (SD = 507) of which flavan-3-ols contributed 92%, followed by flavonols (4%), flavanones (3%), and flavones (<1%). Black tea was the major flavonoid source, providing 89% of total flavonoid intake. No differences in intake between genders were identified. Dietary intake of flavonoids and flavonoid subclasses in older Australians is similar to the one other estimation of intake in Australian older adults and confirms the types of foods that contribute to flavonoid intake among this sample of older Australians.     

Effects of co-fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Issatchenkia orientalis on sea buckthorn juice

This work relates to the development of a co-fermented product of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Issatchenkia orientalis. Besides malic acid degradation, the parameters of present production technology were also standardized with emphasis on the retainability of total phenolic content (TPC) of sea buckthorn juice. The effect of co-fermentation on physico-chemical characteristics, organic acids, flavonoids, TPC and antioxidant activities was studied. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed 55% reduction in malic acid content after the co-fermentation of sea buckthorn juice. The TPC of sea buckthorn product was 2.18 g gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/l. The estimated scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals was 2.63 Trolox equivalent (TE) mmol/l. Ferric-reducing antioxidant power and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) assays also showed that sea buckthorn product was on a par with commercial wines (Cabernet Shiraz and Beaujolais). We conclude that the process of co-fermentation resulted in a significant antioxidant potential of sea buckthorn product.     

Quantitative Relationships Between the Cytotoxicity of Flavonoids on the Human Breast Cancer Stem‐Like Cells MCF7‐SC and Their Structural Properties

As some breast cancer‐related deaths can be attributed to the metastasis of cancer stem cells, chemotherapeutic agents targeting breast cancer stem cells are of interest as a potential treatment. Flavonoids that exhibit cytotoxicity on breast cancer stem cells have rarely been observed. Thus, the objective of this study was to measure potential cytotoxic effects of 42 different flavonoids on the human breast cancer stem‐like cell line, MCF7‐SC. The relationship between flavonoid structural properties and cytotoxicity has not been reported previously; therefore, we determined quantitative structure–activity relationships using both comparative molecular field analysis and comparative molecular similarity analysis. Further biological experiments including Western blot analysis, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence microscopy were also conducted on the most cytotoxic 8‐chloroflavanone.     

北柴胡茎叶的化学成分研究

从北柴胡茎叶中分离得到5个化合物,分别鉴定为山萘酚(晶1),山萘酚-7-鼠李糖甙(晶2),山萘酚-3,7-双鼠李糖甙(晶3),山萘酚-3-o-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖甙-7-o-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖甙(晶4)及福寿草醇(晶5).晶4系新化合物.     

淫羊藿黄酮对去势大鼠骨生物力学性能的影响

目的：探讨淫羊藿黄酮对去势大鼠骨生物力学性能的影响。方法：选用2月龄雌性SD大鼠60只,随机分为6组,每组10只。A组：空白对照组,常规方法饲养,进行假手术处理;B组：去势组,不给予淫羊藿黄酮干预;C组：去势垣钙剂,每日灌服高效钙（75 mg·kg-1）垣维生素D3 21 IU·kg-1;D组：去势垣低剂量,每日灌服淫羊藿黄酮（75 mg·kg-1）;E组：去势垣中剂量,每日灌服淫羊藿黄酮（150 mg·kg-1）;F组：去势垣高剂量,每日灌服淫羊藿黄酮（300 mg·kg-1）。实验第4月末处死大鼠,取出大鼠双侧胫骨、双侧股骨、双侧肱骨和全部腰椎。实验动物干预完毕后测定：淤第四腰椎体力学性能指标中弹性模量、最大载荷、最大应力、变形位能、结构刚度,于股骨结构力学性能指标中最大载荷、破坏载荷、变形位能、结构刚度,盂股骨材料力学性能指标中弹性模量、最大应力、最大应变、破坏应力、破坏应变。结果：与B组比较,A、D、E、F组第四腰椎体力学性能指标中弹性模量、最大载荷、最大应力、变形位能、结构刚度,股骨结构力学性能指标中最大载荷、破坏载荷、变形位能、结构刚度,股骨材料力学性能指标中弹性模量、最大应力、最大应变、破坏应力明显升高（P<0.05）;C组有升高趋势;A、C、D、E、F组之间比较差异没有统计学意义;D、E、F组随淫羊藿黄酮剂量的增加而增加,但其相互之间差异没有统计学意义;股骨材料力学性能指标中破坏应变A、C、D、E、F组之间相互比较差异没有统计学意义;表明去势造成了大鼠椎骨力学性能,股骨结构力学性能和股骨材料力学性能的降低,应用淫羊藿黄酮可改善第四腰椎体力学性能、股骨结构力学性能和股骨材料力学性能。结论：淫羊藿黄酮可有效防治去势大鼠骨生物力学性能的降低,使其维持在较高水平。     

D140大孔树脂分离纯化淫羊藿黄酮的研究

目的:研究大孔树脂提取淫羊藿黄酮的工艺.方法:以淫羊藿苷含量为指标,用不同浓度的乙醇进行洗脱,对D140大孔树脂吸附剂提取淫羊藿总黄酮的工艺进行了筛选,并对树脂的使用次数进行了考察.结果:当乙醇浓度为80％时可以洗脱完全,大孔树脂使用次数10次以上.结论:提取淫羊藿总黄酮的含量大于60％,而且工艺简便,树脂再生容易,提取方法可取.     

Flavonoids from Sophora moorcroftiana and their Synergistic Antibacterial Effects on MRSA

Synergy is now a widely recognized approach that has direct applicability for new pharmaceuticals. The ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of the herb Sophora moorcroftiana showed significant antibacterial activity against drug‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 8 µg/mL. In a phytochemical study of the extract, five flavonoids were obtained. However, the isolates exhibited antibacterial activity in the range of 32–128 µg/mL, which was weaker than the extract. In combination with antibiotics, the antibacterially inactive compound genistein (1) and diosmetin (4) showed significant synergistic activity against drug‐resistant S. aureus. In combination with norfloxacin, genistein (1) reduced the MIC to 16 µg/mL and showed synergy against strain SA1199B with a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of 0.38. With the antibiotics norfloxacin, streptomycin and ciprofloxacin, diosmetin (4) showed synergy against SA1199B, RN4220 and EMRSA‐15, with FICI values of 0.38, 0.38 and 0.09, respectively. In an efflux experiment to elucidate a plausible mechanism for the observed synergy, genistein showed marginal inhibition of the NorA efflux protein. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

款冬花化学成分的研究

目的：研究款冬花的化学成分。方法：采用硅胶柱色谱方法进行分离、纯化,NMR和MS等方法进行结构鉴定。结果：从款冬花的干燥花蕾乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了11个化合物,分别为3,4-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸甲酯(1),3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸甲酯(2),4,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸甲酯(3),3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸(4),3-O-咖啡酰基奎宁酸甲酯(5),3-O-咖啡酰基奎宁酸(6),金丝桃苷(7),芦丁(8),山柰酚3-O-吡喃葡萄糖苷(9),槲皮素(10)和山柰酚(11)。结论：化合物2～5为首次从款冬属植物中分离得到。