异地种植对PA型紫苏叶酚酸 黄酮类成分及挥发油的影响

目的 研究异地种植不同环境对紫苏醛（PA）型紫苏叶酚酸、黄酮和挥发油3类成分的影响。方法 将5份PA型紫苏种质分别在甘肃、北京和安徽的试验田以相同方法进行种植,检测野黄芩素-7-O-二葡萄糖醛酸苷、木犀草素-7-O-二葡萄糖醛酸苷、芹菜素-7-O-二葡萄糖醛酸苷、野黄芩素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、芹菜素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、咖啡酸、迷迭香酸和挥发油含量。结果 通过实验数据分析发现,异地种植PA型紫苏叶的咖啡酸、木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、木犀草素-7-O-二葡萄糖醛酸苷、芹菜素-7-O-二葡萄糖醛酸苷及总黄酮含量差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。其中,甘肃地区种植的紫苏中木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、木犀草素-7-O-二葡萄糖醛酸苷、芹菜素-7-O-二葡萄糖醛酸苷、总黄酮、挥发油含量和紫苏醛含量最高,北京地区种植的紫苏中咖啡酸含量最高。结论 相较于北京、安徽的试验田,甘肃的试验田更适宜种植PA型紫苏。     

小飞蓬中黄酮类化学成分研究

目的:研究小飞蓬全草中黄酮类化学成分.方法:对小飞蓬全草乙醇提取物的各个萃取部位进行反复柱色谱,根据光谱数据和理化性质确定化合物结构.结果:从小飞蓬干燥全草中分离得到12个黄酮类化合物,分别鉴定为槲皮素-7-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(1),槲皮素(2),木犀草素(3),芹菜素(4),5,7,4′-三羟基-3′-甲氧基黄酮(5),槲皮素-3-O-α-吡喃鼠李糖苷(6),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7),芹菜素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8),木犀草素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸苷甲酯(9),4′-羟基黄芩素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10),黄芩苷(11),芦丁(12).结论:化合物1为首次从菊科中分离得到,化合物5和9为首次从飞蓬属中分离得到,化合物3～4,7～8,11为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

Dietary Bioactives: Establishing a Scientific Framework for Recommended Intakes

In the United States, dietary reference intakes describe the relations between nutrient intakes and indicators of adequacy, prevention of disease, and avoidance of excessive intakes among healthy populations for essential nutrients but not dietary bioactive components (DBCs), whose absence from the diet is presumably not deleterious to health (i.e., does not cause a deficiency syndrome). An appropriate framework is needed for establishing recommended intakes for which public health messages and food labeling for DBCs can be derived, because their putative health benefits may not be readily defined in the context of nutritional essentiality. In addition, a myriad of factors make determining their intake and status and investigating their discrete contributions to health particularly challenging. Therefore, the ASN Dietary Bioactive Components Research Interest Section felt it worthwhile to convene a special “hot topic” session at the 2014 Experimental Biology meeting to discuss this issue and serve as a call for future scientific dialogue on establishing a framework for recommended intakes of DBCs. This session summary captures the discussions and presentations that transpired during this session.     

Antihyperlipidemic activity of Allium chinense bulbs

Allium chinense is a medicinal plant and nutritional food commonly used in Eastern Asia. In this study, we investigated the in vitro antioxidant activity (scavenging of α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl free radical, total phenol content, reducing power, and total antioxidant activity) and constituents of various extracts from A. chinense. Moreover, we also studied the in vivo hypolipidemic effects of extracts on high-fat-diet Wistar rats. Ethanol extracts from A. chinense showed notable antioxidant activity, and its high-dose essential-oil extract both significantly reduced serum and hepatic total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein levels and increased serum high-density lipoprotein levels in high-fat-diet Wistar rats compared with those observed following treatment with the control drug probucol. Additionally, visceral fat in high-fat-diet Wistar rats was reduced. Furthermore, groups with high doses of essential-oil and residue extracts showed protective effects associated with histopathological liver alteration. These results suggested that A. chinense is a valuable plant worthy of further investigation as a potential dietary supplement or botanical drug.     

Curcuma longa extract as a histological dye for collagen fibres and red blood cells

Crude ethanolic extract and column chromatographic fractions of the Allepey cultivar of Curcuma longa Roxb, commonly called turmeric (tumeric) in commerce, were used as a stain for tissue sections. Staining was carried out under basic, acidic and neutral media conditions. Inorganic and organic dissolution solvents were used. The stain was used as a counterstain after alum and iron haematoxylins. C. longa stained collagen fibres, cytoplasm, red blood cells and muscle cells yellow. It also stained in a fashion similar to eosin, except for its intense yellow colour. Preliminary phytochemical evaluation of the active column fraction revealed that it contained flavonoids, free anthraquinone and deoxy sugar. A cheap, natural dye can thus be obtained from C. longa.     

Analytical methodology optimization to estimate the content of non-flavonoid phenolic compounds in Argentine propolis extracts

Context: Traditionally, the content of total phenolics (flavonoid phenolics (FP) and non-flavonoid phenolics (NFP)) and flavonoids (flavone/flavonol and flavonone/dihydroflavonol) in propolis has been determined by different methodologies. Until now, the percentage of total phenolic (TP) compounds that corresponds to FP and NFP, expressed in the same units by a spectrophotometric method, has not been determined.

Objective: The current study proposes a quick and simple methodology that separates FP and NFP in propolis samples and determines TP, FP, and NFP by the same method.

Materials and methods: Propolis samples from five Argentine provinces (Tucumán, Santiago del Estero, Salta, Misiones, and Jujuy) were used. Extraction of TP from the propolis samples was carried out by maceration with 80% ethanol and quantified by Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (FC-R). Then, FP was precipitated with formaldehyde in acid medium. After centrifugation, NFP were determined in the supernatant using FC-R. FP content was calculated as the difference between the content of TP and NFP. The method was also validated using commercial flavonoids and chalcones.

Results: FP recovery in all experiments was between 85.95% and 98.29%. Propolis from Tucumán had significantly higher amounts of total phenols than propolis from other provinces. SE5 showed higher content of FP (81.52%) followed by SA1 (74.75%). The propolis from TUC4, SA4, SE3, and MI showed the lowest FP content and highest content of NFP.

Conclusions: This method provides a simple, reliable, and specific spectrophotometric assay to estimate the content of NFP, FP, and TP in propolis samples.     

中药活性成分抑制哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）通路抗肿瘤作用的研究进展

哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）与癌症有密切关系,抑制mTOR通路可以发挥抗肿瘤作用。目前许多mTOR抑制剂被开发用于癌症的治疗。一些中药活性成分如蒽醌类、生物碱类、萜类、多糖类、黄酮类、多酚类成分可以通过抑制mTOR通路诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、促进自噬、阻断细胞周期发挥抗肿瘤作用。总结了中药活性成分抑制mTOR通路抗肿瘤作用的研究进展,明确其作用机制,为临床应用提供参考。