初诊2型糖尿病一级亲属同型半胱氨酸与代谢指标的相关性研究

目的 研究2型糖尿病正常糖耐量一级亲属同型半胱氨酸（Hey）与代谢指标的相关性.方法 将入选病人分成三组,2型糖尿病组50例,2型糖尿病患者正常糖耐量一级亲属组45例,正常对照组48例.分别测定血清Hcy及相关代谢指标.结果 在校正年龄、BMI和腰围后,FPG、2hPG、HbAlc、HOMA-IR、TG和Hcy在正常对照组、一级亲属组和2型糖尿病组均呈增高趋势,而HOMA-β水平呈降低趋势（P＜0.05）.Hcy与BMI、FPG、2hPG、HOMA-IR呈正相关（P＜0.01）,与HDL-C呈负相关（P＜0.01）.结论 Hey与BMI、FPG、2hPG、HOMA-IR呈显著正相关,与HDL-C呈显著负相关,高Hcy水平可能与糖尿病一级亲属易发2型糖尿病有关.     

Needs for everyday life support for brain tumour patients' relatives: systematic literature review

MADSEN K. & POULSEN H.S. (2011) European Journal of Cancer Care 20 , 33–43
Needs for everyday life support for brain tumour patients' relatives: systematic literature review The purpose of this paper is to undertake a review of the everyday lives and the need for support felt by relatives of adults with malignant cerebral glioma. Through electronic literature searches we identified studies with qualitative, quantitative or mixed method designs. Fourteen studies were identified. They indicated that a relative often assumes the caregiver's role, taking over responsibility for the patient's illness and survival, and that the relative is often overwhelmingly exhausted by this task. The ever‐changing circumstances left the relatives fearful, anxious and apprehensive. The relatives lacked information about how to provide day‐to‐day care and how to manage psychoses and neuropsychiatric problems at home. Likewise, they needed help from the professionals to talk with each other about potentially reduced life expectancy. Most relatives appeared to value specialist nurse support highly, and they found support groups helpful. Relatively few studies were identified, and extant research was found to be diverse in purpose, study design and study population. The majority of the studies focused only on the parts of the relatives' everyday lives in which they were taking care of and supporting the patient. Further research focusing on the impact of the illness on different part of relative's everyday life is needed.     

对冠心病患者家属实施心肺复苏培训的效果

目的提高冠心病患者家属心肺复苏的理论知识及实践操作能力,提高家庭的应急能力。方法由急诊科与心血管内科合作,对165名冠心病患者家属进行心肺复苏理论与操作培训,培训共8学时,培训前后进行考核。结果培训后,患者家属心肺复苏理论知识以及操作水平显著高于培训前(均P0.01);患者家属满意和基本满意率达100%。结论对冠心病患者家属实施心肺复苏培训可显著提高患者家属的急救水平,提高家庭应急能力。     

1型糖尿病一级亲属GADA、IA-2A与IAA联合检测的价值

目的 采用放射配体法检测118例1型糖尿病一级亲属的谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体(GA-DA)、蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶抗体(IA-2A)、胰岛素自身抗体(IAA)，发现三种抗体单独检出率与欧美高加索人接近，联合检测阳性率优于单一抗体检测。     

生活方式干预2型糖尿病患者一级亲属的临床研究

目的对糖耐量正常的2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者一级亲属实施生活方式干预，观察第一时相胰岛素分泌，探讨早期保护B细胞、预防糖尿病的意义。方法通过75g葡萄糖耐量试验，选取46例糖耐量正常T2DM患者一级亲属进入研究，其配偶为对照（30例），实施生活方式干预。测定受试者血脂、血糖、第一时相胰岛素分泌等。结果（1）T2DM一级亲属存在第一时相胰岛素分泌受损，胰岛素抵抗及脂代谢异常。（2）与对照组相比，一级亲属组空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素升高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（3）生活方式干预后，一级亲属组血脂、空腹胰岛素下降，明显改善急性胰岛素反应。结论T2DM一级亲属具有糖尿病高发风险，早期实施生活方式干预具有可行性。     

Retinal nerve fiber thickness and MRI white matter abnormalities in healthy relatives of multiple sclerosis patients

ObjectivesTo compare retinal nerve fiber (RNFL) thickness and conventional and non-conventional MRI characteristics of healthy controls (HCs) from the general population (non-fHC) to healthy relatives of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients (fHC).MethodsSixty-eight (68) HCs underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) and 3T MRI examination. Subjects were classified based on whether or not there was a family history of MS. The study enrolled 40 non-fHC who had no relatives with MS and 28 fHC with at least one relative affected with MS. The associations between OCT parameters and conventional and non-conventional MRI measures were investigated.ResultsThere were no significant OCT or conventional and non-conventional MRI measureable differences between the non-fHC and fHC groups. Periventricular localization and total volume of white matter (WM) signal abnormalities (SA) were more common in the fHC group but the differences did not reach a level of significance. A significant association between decreased RNFL thickness with increased volume (p = 0.001), number (p = 0.003) and frequency of ≥9 T2 (p = 0.003) WM SAs on MRI was found in the fHC group. No association between OCT and MRI parameters was detected in the non-fHC group.ConclusionThere is an association between decreased RNFL thickness on OCT and increased WM injury in healthy relatives of MS patients. Further studies should explore the pathophysiology of these findings.