Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibodies and antibodies stimulating adenyl cyclase in relatives from two families with a high prevalence of Graves' hyperthyroidism: A ten-year follow-up study

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibodies and antibodies stimulating adenyl cyclase were measured in 47 relatives of patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism from two families with a high prevalence of the disease, in whom bioassays for the long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) had been performed 10 years earlier. Tests were also carried out in six propositi from the two families and age- and sex-matched normal subjects from six families. There had been no new cases of hyperthyroidism since the first study, although one subject was clinically and biochemically hyperthyroid at the time of study and two more were biochemically borderline hyperthyroid but clinically euthyroid. Levels of serum T₄, thyrotropin, and percentage T₃ resin uptake and free thyroxine indices were similar for relatives and normal subjects, although the mean serum T₃ level for relatives was significantly greater than that for the normal subjects. Antibodies were not detected by either assay in any relative. Significant titers of antithyroglobulin antibodies were demonstrated in 4 of 44 relatives but in none of 46 normals tested, while thyroid cytoplasmic antibodies were detected in 8 of 44 relatives and 3 of 45 normals. The mean serum IgG for Graves' relatives was significantly greater than that for the normals, although the mean IgM and IgA levels for the two groups were not significantly different.     

Cancer risk among patients with IgA deficiency or common variable immunodeficiency and their relatives: a combined Danish and Swedish study

The extremely high risk reported for some types of cancer among patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is based on a limited number of investigations. Therefore, we examined the risks for cancer among 562 Danish and Swedish patients with CVID or IgA deficiency and 2071 relatives in 1958-96. The patients were identified through an Immunodeficiency Register and hospital records, while the relatives were traced through population registers. Cancer incidence was assessed by linkage to the Cancer Registries and compared with that in the general population. Among 386 patients with IgA deficiency, the incidence of cancer was not increased (standardized incidence ratio (SI) = 1.0); but two cases of stomach cancer were found, resulting in a non-significant increase in risk (SIR = 5.4; 95% CI = 0.7-19.5). Among 176 patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), the incidence of cancer at all sites combined was increased (SIR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.0-2.9), which was due mainly to significant excesses of malignant lymphoma (obs = 4; SIR = 12.1; 95% CI = 3.3-31.0) and of stomach cancer (obs = 3; SIR = 10.3; 95% CI = 2.1-30.2). Among the 626 relatives of patients with CVID, no increase in risk was found for these types of cancer or for cancer overall (obs = 53; SIR = 1.0; 95% CI = 0.8-1.3). Our data show that the risks for malignant lymphoma and stomach cancer among patients with CVID may be lower than reported previously. The absence of an increased risk among relatives suggests that the increased cancer morbidity in patients with CVID is related to the immunodeficiency per se rather than to specific genetic traits shared with their relatives.     

Acceptance of home and clinic-based cystic fibrosis carrier education and testing by first,second, and third degree relatives of cystic fibrosis patients

We contacted and offered free cystic fibrosis (CF) carrier education and testing to the first, second, and third degree relatives of individuals with CF followed at a large Southeastern US CF Clinic. Relatives were offered CF carrier education and testing either in their homes or in a genetic counseling clinic. Overall, of 514 relatives offered free CF carrier education and testing, 299 (58%) accepted. Significantly more (67%) of those offered education and testing in their homes accepted than those offered education and testing in a genetic counseling clinic (45%). Regression analyses identified several factors, including education, income, gender, perceived chance of being a carrier, and perceived chance of having a child who is a CF carrier, as predictors of acceptance of education and testing in both home and clinic sites. A smaller set of factors was identified that predicted acceptance of education and testing unique to each site. Within the limits of this study and its design, even when CF carrier testing is offered free of charge, including education and testing in the home, acceptance of education and testing, while higher than in general population samples, is not universal among at-risk relatives. Several factors which may have contributed to the observations reported in this study are discussed. Am. J. Med. Genet. 70:121–129, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

重性精神病军人一级亲属的心理调查

目的了解重性精神病军人的一级亲属的心理健康状况,为此特定人群的心理辅导提供科学依据。方法采用SCL-90、SAS、SDS量表对南战区重性精神病军人的一级亲属进行测评,并与国内常模对比。结果重性精神病军人的一级亲属的焦虑、抑郁程度均显著高于国内常模。结论重性精神病军人的一级亲属多伴有抑郁、焦虑情绪,在对精神病军人治疗的同时,应注重对病人家庭成员的心理干预。     

Needs for everyday life support for brain tumour patients' relatives: systematic literature review

MADSEN K. & POULSEN H.S. (2011) European Journal of Cancer Care 20 , 33–43
Needs for everyday life support for brain tumour patients' relatives: systematic literature review The purpose of this paper is to undertake a review of the everyday lives and the need for support felt by relatives of adults with malignant cerebral glioma. Through electronic literature searches we identified studies with qualitative, quantitative or mixed method designs. Fourteen studies were identified. They indicated that a relative often assumes the caregiver's role, taking over responsibility for the patient's illness and survival, and that the relative is often overwhelmingly exhausted by this task. The ever‐changing circumstances left the relatives fearful, anxious and apprehensive. The relatives lacked information about how to provide day‐to‐day care and how to manage psychoses and neuropsychiatric problems at home. Likewise, they needed help from the professionals to talk with each other about potentially reduced life expectancy. Most relatives appeared to value specialist nurse support highly, and they found support groups helpful. Relatively few studies were identified, and extant research was found to be diverse in purpose, study design and study population. The majority of the studies focused only on the parts of the relatives' everyday lives in which they were taking care of and supporting the patient. Further research focusing on the impact of the illness on different part of relative's everyday life is needed.     

临终关怀降低老年临终患者家属心理应激及负性情绪的效果

目的 提高老年临终患者的生活质量，降低其家属心理应激及焦虑、抑郁情绪。方法 将76例老年临终患者及其家属（76名）随机分为研究组和对照组，每组38例患者和38名家属。对照组按常规进行护理，研究组在常规护理的基础上接受临终关怀护理干预。在干预前及干预1个月后采用家属应激量表（RSS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）对两组患者家属进行评定。结果 干预后研究组患者家属RSS总分及心理痛苦和生活被扰乱2个维度评分显著低于对照组（均P〈0．01），SAS、SDS评分显著低于对照组（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。结论 临终关怀护理在降低老年临终患者家属应激水平的同时，也降低了其焦虑、抑郁程度。     

中等护理专业课堂教学现状分析及对策

目的探讨晚期肿瘤患者家属的焦虑、抑郁情绪及采取的应对方式．以指导心理干预，提高其生活质量。方法选用Zung焦虑自评量表（SAS）和抑郁自评量表（SDS）、简易应对方式量表（SCSQ）对236名晚期肿瘤患者家属（观察组）和236名慢性病患者家属（对照组）进行调查。结果观察组SAS和SDS评分与对照组和国内常模比较，差异有显著性意义（均P〈0．01）；观察组积极应对和消极应对总分与对照组比较，差异无显著性意义（均P〉0．05）。观察组SDS评分与积极应对分呈负相关（P〈0．01）。结论晚期肿瘤患者家属多伴有焦虑和抑郁情绪，并受多种因素影响，帮助他们改善应对方式，可以提高生活质量。     

广西鼻咽癌高发区人群初筛后2年随访结果分析

目的 分析广西鼻咽癌高发区初筛2年后鼻咽癌一级亲属和一般人群组血清EB病毒抗体的差异及鼻咽癌发病情况.方法 2013年8～12月广西梧州市、玉林市和南宁市参加鼻咽癌初筛,且2015年8 ～ 12月再次接受随访的人群2 022例,对比其初筛时与随访时EB病毒抗体[病毒壳抗原(VCA)-IgA和早期抗原(EA)-IgA]的阳性率,比较鼻咽癌一级亲属(亲属组)和一般人群组中EB病毒抗体的变化及鼻咽癌检出情况.结果 初筛时亲属组VCA-IgA阳性率明显高于一般人群组(P＜0.05),两组EA-IgA阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).亲属组VCA-IgA变化与一般人群组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);亲属组和一般人群组EA-IgA变化情况,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).随访时亲属组VCA-IgA转阴率明显高于一般人群组(P＜0.05).随访时两组VCA-IgA、EA-IgA阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).随访时亲属组检出鼻咽癌2例(1.12％),一般人群组检出10例(0.54％),两组的鼻咽检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 初筛后鼻咽癌一级亲属鼻咽癌检出率并未显著高于一般人群组,可能无需选择性随访.     

银屑病遗传流行病学初步分析

目的 探讨遗传因素在银屑病发病中所起的作用。方法 采用调查表形式对２４７例银屑病患者进行调查，用Ｅｐｉｉｎｆｏ ６．０软件及Ｆａｌｃｏｎｅｒ法对数据资料进行统计计算。