Oral Dispersible System: A New Approach in Drug Delivery System

Dosage form is a mean used for the delivery of drug to a living body. In order to get the desired effect the drug should be delivered to its site of action at such rate and concentration to achieve the maximum therapeutic effect and minimum adverse effect. Since oral route is still widely accepted route but having a common drawback of difficulty in swallowing of tablets and capsules. Therefore a lot of research has been done on novel drug delivery systems. This review is about oral dispersible tablets a novel approach in drug delivery systems that are now a day''s more focused in formulation world, and laid a new path that, helped the patients to build their compliance level with the therapy, also reduced the cost and ease the administration especially in case of pediatrics and geriatrics. Quick absorption, rapid onset of action and reduction in drug loss properties are the basic advantages of this dosage form.     

地震灾害的应急医疗救援

 四川汶川5.12大地震瞬间导致了巨大人员伤亡和医疗设备损坏。面对震后灾区出现的大批伤员，急需派遣医疗队进行应急医疗救援。如何有效发挥医疗队力量，展开灾区应急医疗救援，已成为一个突出的医学研究课题。本文结合此次汶川地震医疗救援暴露出的问题，探讨了医疗队的组成、科学的物资准备以及现场急救的主要内容和要点。     

上海市居民就医流向分析及政策建议

目的 了解上海市居民就医流向并提出政策建议.方法 采用随机分层抽样,选取上海市中心地区、城乡结合区和郊区各2个区,每个区在门诊部选取400名居民(医院和社区卫生服务中心各200人),在住院部选取200名居民(包括住院患者、该时间段内曾经在门诊就诊的陪同人员和未就医的陪同人员),共对3 600人进行问卷调查.问卷内容包括患者的基本资料、就诊时首选医院的级别以及选择该院就诊的原因.结果 回收有效问卷3 244份(90.1%).门诊患者中,56.3%首选社区医院,34.0%首选三级医院;住院患者中38.3%首选社区医院,42.9%首选三级医院.门诊患者首选该院的原因:44.8%为就近方便,31.2%为医疗水平高,10.3%为服务态度好,5.2%为费用低;住院患者首选该院的原因:49.9%为医疗水平高,27.2%为就近方便,7.6%为服务态度好.结论 应尽快构建改善上海市居民就医状况和提高就医满意度的新型特色医疗卫生服务模式,完善医疗服务网络,建立两级医疗服务网络架构--区域医疗服务中心和基层医疗卫生机构.     

耳穴贴压改善家兔腹部术后胃肠功能的作用机制研究

目的 探讨耳穴贴压对腹部术后胃肠功能紊乱家兔模型的作用机制,为耳穴贴压治疗腹部术后胃肠功能紊乱提供参考。 方法 将30只SD清洁型家兔采用随机数字表法分为空白组、模型组、耳穴组各10只。耳穴组于造模成功后耳穴贴压胃、大肠、耳中穴,每日按压3次,每次每穴30 s,连续干预7 d;模型组进行造模手术未进行耳穴贴压;空白组不给予任何处理。 结果 耳穴组术后首次排便时间及肠鸣音恢复时间显著早于模型组（均P＜0.05）。三组术后6 h、3 d及7 d血清皮质醇浓度的干预效应、时间效应、交互效应显著,模型组及耳穴组术后6 h及3 d血清皮质醇浓度显著高于空白组,且术后3 d耳穴组显著低于模型组（均P＜0.05）。干预后,三组小肠推进率、C-kit蛋白阳性表达、iNOS活性有显著差异,其中耳穴组、空白组小肠推进率、C-kit蛋白阳性表达显著高于模型组,但iNOS活性显著低于模型组,耳穴组的C-kit蛋白阳性表达显著低于空白组（均P＜0.05）。 结论 耳穴贴压可缩短腹部术后家兔首次排便及肠鸣音恢复时间,降低血清皮质醇浓度及应激反应,有助于提升小肠推进率及结肠组织中C-kit蛋白阳性表达,促进腹部术后胃肠蠕动恢复。     

第1产程潜伏期指导对分娩的影响

目的 :观察规范指导对处于分娩第 1产程潜伏期孕妇的影响。方法 :为处于分娩第 1产程潜伏期的 15 0例产妇讲解分娩知识 ,训练助产动作 ,树立自然分娩信心 ,并动态观察产妇的分娩情况。以条件相同 ,未在潜伏期做指导的产妇 15 0例为对照组。结果 :观察组总产程、第 1产程活跃期及第 2产程明显短于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,新生儿窒息率、剖宫产率明显低于对照组(P <0 0 1)。第 1产程潜伏期、阴道助产率及产后出血发生率两组差异无显著性。结论 :在第 1产程潜伏期对产妇进行规范指导可以缩短产程 ,促进自然分娩 ,降低新生儿窒息发生率。     

On- Versus Off-Hours Presentation and Mortality of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Treated With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

ObjectivesThe authors sought to assess the association between admission time with patient’s care, procedure characteristics, and clinical outcomes within a contemporary ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) network of patients referred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundThe effect of admission time on STEMI patient's outcomes remains controversial when primary PCI is the preferred reperfusion strategy.MethodsCharacteristics and clinical outcomes of 2,167 consecutive STEMI patients admitted in a tertiary PCI-capable center were collected. On-hours were defined as admission from Monday through Friday between 8 am and 6 pm and off-hours as admission during night shift, weekend, and nonworking holidays. In-hospital and 1-year all-cause mortality were assessed as well as key time delays.ResultsA total of 1,048 patients (48.3%) were admitted during on-hours, and 1,119 patients (51.7%) during off-hours. Characteristics were well-balanced between the 2 groups, including rates of cardiac arrest (7.9% vs. 8.8%; p = 0.55) and cardiogenic shock (12.3% vs. 14.7%; p = 0.16). Median symptom-to-first medical contact time and median first medical contact-to-sheath insertion time did not differ according to on- versus off-hours admission (120 min vs. 126 min; p = 0.25 and 90 min vs. 93 min; p = 0.58, respectively), as well as the rate of radial access for catheterization (85.6% vs. 87.5%; p = 0.27). There was no association between on- versus off-hours groups and in-hospital (8.1% vs. 7.0%; p = 0.49) or 1-year mortality (11.0% vs. 11.1%; p = 0.89), respectively.ConclusionsIn a contemporary organized STEMI network, patients admitted in a high-volume tertiary primary PCI center during on-hours or off-hours had similar management and 1-year outcomes.     

股深动脉穿支皮瓣应用于乳房再造的解剖学研究

目的　为股深动脉穿支皮瓣应用于乳房再造提供解剖学依据。  方法　5例10侧成人新鲜下肢尸体标本进行乳胶或氧化铅动脉灌注,解剖观察后区域血管的形态及分布,测量股深动脉穿动脉穿支血管数量、管径、血管蒂长度及伴行静脉管径。在此基础上进行了股后区穿支皮瓣切取的手术模拟。 结果　股深动脉第1穿动脉发出4~9支穿支供应股后区皮肤,以肌皮穿支为主,偶可见肌间隔穿支;降支优势较多,优势穿支多发自股后内侧。血管蒂长为(10.6±2.6)cm,其外径为(2.2±1.0)cm,伴行静脉外径分别为(1.8±0.8)mm与(2.1±1.8)mm。   结论　股深动脉穿支皮瓣血供存在个体差异,尤以第1穿动脉对其影响较大,有待进一步研究确保皮瓣切取的安全性与精确性。     

Peer educator vs. respiratory therapist support: Which form of support better maintains health and functional outcomes following pulmonary rehabilitation?

Objective

This study examined if ongoing support delivered by telephone following pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) assisted chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients to maintain health outcomes.

Methods

Phase one (n = 79) compared post-rehabilitation telephone-based support delivered by peers compared to usual care (UC). The second phase (n = 168) compared post-rehabilitation support from peer educators, respiratory therapists (RT), or UC. Primary outcome variables were St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) total score and the six minute walk test (6MWT). Measures were obtained at baseline, immediately following PR, and six-months post PR.

Results

Six-month follow-up data for phase one was collected for 66 COPD patients (n = 35 peer support, n = 31 UC) and 142 for phase two (n = 42 peer support, n = 52 RT support, n = 48 UC). Per-protocol and intention to treat (ITT) analysis in both phases found no significant group by time differences for SGRQ or 6MWT.

Conclusion

Providing peer or RT support via telephone following PR was not more effective than UC for maintaining health outcomes.

Practice implications

There are concerns with using peers to provide ongoing support to COPD patients. Additionally, COPD patients require a higher level of care than telephone support can provide.