A Healthy Diet Rich in Calcium and Vitamin C Is Inversely Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Korean Adults from the KNHANES 2013–2017

The association between metabolic syndrome and eating patterns remains unclear. We hypothesized that Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI) scores were related to metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk in adults in a gender-dependent manner. We aimed to examine the hypothesis using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-VI (2013–2017) data with a complex sample survey design. Adjusted means and 95% confidence intervals of KHEI scores and nutrient intake estimated by the 24-h recall were calculated according to MetS status after adjusting for age, residence area, region, education, obesity, income, drinking status, smoking status, marriage, and exercise. Adjusted odds ratios for MetS were measured according to KHEI quartiles using logistic regression analysis while controlling for covariates. MetS incidence was significantly higher in females than in males. Those who were older, less educated, earning less income, more obese, living in rural areas, drinking severely, non-exercising, and married had higher MetS incidence than those with the opposite state. Total KHEI scores of all components KHEI scores were lower for those with MetS (MetS group) than those without MetS (Non-MetS group) in both genders. For KHEI components, having breakfast and milk and fat intake had lower scores for the MetS group than for the Non-MetS group in women, whereas fruits and milk and milk product intake had lower scores for the MetS group in men. Nutrient intake influenced the MetS risk in females more than in males. Fat, calcium, and vitamin C intakes from 24-h recall were lower in the MetS group than in the Non-MetS group in women. KHEI scores had an inverse association with MetS risk by 0.98-fold in both genders after adjusting for covariates. In conclusion, a healthy diet that includes adequate calcium and vitamin C is associated with a lower the risk of MetS in both men and women.     

光纤化学传感器—计算机联用实时在位测定氧氟沙星片体外溶出度

目的：探索一种连续在位测定固体制剂溶出度的新方法和新理论。方法：应用芘丁酸光纤化学传感器和计算机联用在线技术及中国药典（1995版）规定的紫外分光光度法（UV）分别测定氧氟沙星片剂的体外溶出度。结果：在药典规定的测定浓度范围内有良好的线性,相关系数0．9980。方法的日内、日间精密度（RSD）分别为1．18％和1．56％,当信噪比为3时检测限为0．56μg/ml。用中国药典（1995版）规定的紫外分光光度法作对照并进行评价,P＞0．05,显示两种方法所得结果无显著性差异。结论：本法改变传统的取样分析模式,实现了响应快速、准确、灵敏的过程分析。     

PVA／PAA水凝胶纤维的电刺激响应性能

以过硫酸胺为引发剂,在PVA水溶液中原位聚合丙烯酸单体,得到的PVA／PAA混合水溶液在凝固浴硫酸胺饱和水溶液中纺丝制备了物理缠结和氢固定网络形式的PVA／PAA水凝胶纤维。该纤维于NaCl溶液中在直流电场作用下具有电流－刺激敏感性,表现为溶胀、收缩、弯曲行为。纤维的弯曲速度和最大弯曲度随电场强度和凝胶网络中PAA含量的增加而增大,随电解质溶液离子强度的变化出现临界最大值。纤维向负极弯曲的过程中,在电场下自由离子和反庆子迁移引起的渗透压主导作用,弯曲过程主要是溶胀弯曲;向正极弯曲过程中,由于电化学反应和电场作用下产生的PH梯度导致凝胶网络构像变化主导作用,弯曲主要是收缩弯曲;弯曲由负极向正极转化过程中,两种机理对弯曲的影响相对平衡。     

N—异丙基马来酰亚胺在渐变型耐温塑料光纤中的应用

研究了以N－异丙基马来酰亚胺（IPMI）与甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物为基材,制备渐变形耐温塑料光纤的可行性。实验确定了链转移剂和N－烷基马来酰亚胺对体系玻璃化温度的影响。通过Lorentz-Lorenz公式,估算出IPMI在共聚物中的折光率值。用元素分析法证明IPMI在塑料光纤预制棒中呈渐变分布,测定了以此材料制备的塑料光纤预制棒的折光率分别布线,说明IPMI在提高塑料光纤耐温性的同时,可作为参杂剂使用。结果表明：IPM／MMA共聚物是制备渐变型耐温塑料光纤的良好材料。     

基于肠-肾轴理论浅析膳食纤维对慢性肾病的影响

慢性肾病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)可引起肠道菌群失调及肠道屏障功能受损,而肠道稳态的破坏有 利于肠源性毒素的产生及肠腔细菌、内毒素的易位,加重CKD的尿毒症毒性及全身性炎症。膳食纤维可靶向作用于 “肠-肾轴”,从而降低CKD的尿毒症毒素水平及减轻全身性炎症。膳食纤维有望成为治疗CKD的新策略。     

Modulation of action potential duration by inhibition of the transient outward current in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers

In sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers concentration-dependent inhibition of transient outward current (i_to) by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 3-1000 mol/l) was recorded with the two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique, and correlated effects on action potential duration measured at — 70 mV (APD-70) were investigatigated.Half-maximal inhibition of i_to-amplitude occurred at 15 mol/l 4-AP. The drug exhibited no major effect on voltage-dependent control of inactivation but reduced the maximally available i_to-current. At different activation frequencies (0.05 Hz, 0.25 Hz, 1 Hz) an equal amount of i_to-current, measured as percentage of the respective control, was inhibited by 4-AP. The APD-70 was on the average increased by 4-AP (3–500 mol/l) in a concentration-dependont manner up to 151 % of control. The drug-induced prolongation, measured as percentage of the respective control, was independent of stimulation frequency (0.05 Hz, 0.25 Hz, 1 Hz). Prolongation of APD-70 was on the average more pronounced for short action potentials (APD-70<150 ms: 169 % of reference) than for longer ones (APD-70 150–300 ms: prolongation to 117 % of reference; 500 mol/l 4-AP; 0.25 Hz stimulation rate). Few long control signals (APD-70 >300 ms) were shortened by 4-AP. These results indicate that inhibition of i_to-current by appropriate drugs will result in a reduction of inhomogeneity of action potential duration.     

The anterolateral funiculus in the spinal cord in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

We carried out a morphometric study on the myelinated fibers in the anterolateral funiculus (ALF) and lateral corticospinal tract (LCS) in the cervical segment of the spinal cord of 13 patients with classic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 6 of whom had been on a respirator: 5 age-matched subjects were used as controls. The results obtained revealed that: (1) the fiber-size distributions of the myelinated fibers in the ALF and LCS of the control subjects had peaks at 2 m; (2) there were marked and significant losses of large myelinated fibers in the ALF and LCS of ALS patients; (3) the patients who required respirator support showed more severe degeneration in the ALF than those who required none; and (4) the degree of myelinated fiber loss in the LCS did not correlate with either the illness duration or the history of respirator use.     

湿法纺制PEI／PES中空纤维气体分离共混膜

采用湿法纺丝工艺纺制了聚醚酰亚胺（ＰＥＩ）－聚苯醚砜（ＰＥＳ）中空纤维Ｈ２－Ｎ２和Ｈｅ－Ｎ２分离共混膜,得到Ｈ２和Ｈｅ的渗透通量及选择性为：ＪＨ２＝３６０ＧＰＵ,αＨ２／Ｎ２＝１６２,ＪＨｅ＝１８１ＧＰＵ,αＨｅ／Ｎ２＝７６．７;研究了芯液组成及其流量对膜性能的影响。通过扫描电镜,分析了中空纤维膜的结构,讨论了膜制备过程中的相转化原理。