去势对不同月龄雌性大鼠骨丢失的影响

为了探讨去势对不同月龄雌性大鼠体质量、骨密度、组织病理学的影响,以便选用恰当月龄的大鼠复制绝经后骨质疏松的动物模型。本研究选用3、6、12月龄的SD雌性大鼠共48只,每月龄组16只,均分成A、B两组,A组为对照组,B组为去势组。分别于术后6、12周测量体质量、腰椎和股骨的骨密度及组织病理学观察。结果发现3月龄的去势级大鼠的体质量增加尤为明显,3、6月龄大鼠的去势组较对照组在去势后6、12周骨密度均有显著性差异（P＜0．001）,组织病理学观察去势组骨小梁稀疏,皮质骨变薄,骨髓腔扩大;而12月龄的大鼠骨密度改变不显著。结论：绝经后骨质疏松模型复制大鼠的年龄是6月龄为佳,3～6月龄亦可选用,12月龄以后不适宜选择。     

A psychophysiological evaluation of female urethral syndrome: Evidence for a muscular abnormality

This is a preliminary investigation into a recently defined urological disorder occurring in a subgroup of women with urethral syndrome suggestive of pelvic floor muscular (PFM) dysfunction. Symptoms include straining to void, urgency, frequency, hesitation, incontinence and/or retention, and subpubic pain. Finding neither bladder nor urological abnormalities, urologists may consider these women emotionally unstable without organic cause for their symptoms. However, their distress may be a consequence rather than a cause of their voiding problems. Sixteen female urological patients were matched with 16 asymptomatic controls to investigate PFM functioning, psychological status, and symptomatology. Results showed heterogeneity of symptomatology and little elevation of depression or anxiety when comparing patients with controls. Hypotheses of muscular abnormality were confirmed. Patients evidenced poor control over tensing and relaxing PFM, elevations of PFM activity under various conditions, and chronic pain as a prominent symptom. Treatment approaches specifically designed to address PFM dysfunction are discussed.     

辨证分期治疗慢性盆腔炎合并免疫性不孕症18例疗效观察

目的：探讨辨证分期治疗慢性盆腔炎合并免疫性不孕症的临床疗效。方法：选择慢性盆腔炎合并免疫性不孕症(血清抗精子抗体阳性)患者18例，采用辨证分期治疗。月经干净后，治以活血化瘀、理气祛湿为主；在(或相当于)排卵期或排卵后，治以补肾养血，活血化瘀为主；在经前期，治以理气活血调经为主；在月经干净后至经前期，加用小剂量阿司匹林。结果：盆腔炎临床症状及体征痊愈7例，显效6例，有效5例；全部患者获得妊娠，宫内妊娠者17例(观察至妊娠3月，均正常)，输卵管妊娠1例；结论：中医辨病辨证结合的周期疗法加小剂量阿司匹林治疗慢性盆腔灸合并免疫性不孕症有一定的疗效。     

CO_2激光联合卡介菌多糖核酸肌肉注射治疗女性尖锐湿疣

目的 :评价卡介菌多糖核酸联合CO2 激光治疗女性尖锐湿疣 (CA)的疗效。方法 :治疗组 :CO2 激光治疗后采用卡介菌多糖核酸肌肉注射 ,与对照组单用CO2 激光治疗相比较。结果 :两组经二次CO2 激光治疗后复发率分别为8.3%、31.0 % ,治疗组复发率显著低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,未见明显不良反应。结论 :卡介菌多糖核酸联合CO2 激光治疗女性尖锐湿疣 ,可提高治愈率 ,有效降低复发率 ,安全可靠。     

Exposure to 1-bromopropane causes ovarian dysfunction in rats.

Although 1-bromopropane has been used in chemical and electronic industries as an alternative to ozone layer-depleting solvents, its toxicity on female reproductive organs has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of 1-bromopropane on female reproductive function in rats. Forty female Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups. Each group was exposed daily to 0, 200, 400, or 800 ppm of 1-bromopropane for eight h a day. After exposure for 7 weeks, all rats in the 800-ppm group became seriously ill and were sacrificed during the 8th week. The other dose groups were exposed for 12 weeks. In the 800-ppm group, but not in the other two exposed groups, body weight was significantly less than the control at each time point from 2 to 7 weeks after the beginning of exposure. Tests of vaginal smears showed a significant increase in the number of irregular estrous cycles with extended diestrus in the 400- and 800-ppm groups. Histopathological examination of the ovary showed a significant dose-dependent reduction of the number of normal antral follicles and a decrease in the number of normal growing follicles in the 400-ppm group. No significant change was found in plasma concentrations of LH or FSH in any group when compared with the control. Our results indicate that 1-bromopropane can induce a dose-dependent ovarian dysfunction in nonpregnant female rats associated with disruption in follicular growth process.     

哈尔滨市南岗区1992～2001年乳腺癌发病死亡趋势

[目的]分析1992年～2001年哈尔滨市南岗区女性乳腺癌发病和死亡水平及变化趋势，预测近期发病率和死亡率水平。[方法]资料来源于南岗区恶性肿瘤发病死亡登记报告系统，采用ICD-9进行死因分类，利用SPSS软件包分析，采用灰色系统GM(1，1)进行预测。[结果]10年间女性乳腺癌发病率和死亡率呈上升趋势，年平均发病率和死亡率分别为31．95／10万和7．91／10万。乳腺癌发病和死亡分别居女性恶性肿瘤发病和死亡的第二位和第三位，分别占恶性肿瘤发病和死亡的21．17％和7．90％。25岁～35岁乳腺癌发病率增加明显。预测2006年女性乳腺癌发病率和死亡率将分别达到54．98／10万和11．36／10万。[结论]女性乳腺癌发病率和死亡率呈逐渐缓慢升高趋势，预测女性乳腺癌发病率和死亡率分别将以每年3．7％和2．2％的速度递增。     

养肝滋肾、清热解毒法治疗免疫性不孕症486例疗效观察

目的：观察养肝滋肾、清热解毒法治疗抗精子抗体(AsAb)阳性、抗子宫内膜抗体(EMAb)阳性所致免疫性不孕症的疗效。方法：对204例AsAb阳性、282例EMAb阳性患者应用养肝滋肾汤(处方：紫河车、党参、紫石英、白术、山药、淫羊藿、菟丝子、当归、生地黄、熟地黄、龟板、徐长卿、黄柏)内服；清热解毒汤(处方：苦参、黄连、秦艽、苍术、徐长卿、黄柏、龙胆草、玄参)坐浴治疗。观察用药后AsAb、EMAb转阴及妊娠情况。结果：AsAb阳性患者2疗程转阴188侧(92．16％)。4疗程转阴8例，合计转阴196例(96．08％)；EMAb阳性患者2疗程转阴230例(81．56％)，4疗程转阴20例，合计转阴250例(88．65％)。196例AsAb转阴患者，治疗后跟踪6个月经周期，妊娠136例(69．38％)；250例EMAb转阴患者，治疗后跟踪6个月经周期，妊娠228例(91．2％)，未发生流产。结论：养肝滋肾、清热解毒法治疗免疫性不孕症效果较好，转阴率、妊娠率高，无毒副作用。     

Characteristics of Contraceptive Use in Sao Paulo State, Brazil

Objective To know the characteristics of contraceptive use in Sao Paulo State collected by the Demographic and Health Survey （DHS） conducted in 1996. Methods Data of Sao Paulo in 1996 were analyzed compared with the previous DHS carried on in 1986focusing on Sao Paulo State. Contraceptive use among married or cohabiting women by age, number of children and schooling was closely examined. Age and timing of female sterilization were also analyzed. Results The results showed that unlike Brazil there was a stability of female sterilization in Sao Paulo State during 1986 and 1996. There was a pattern in Sao Paulo： up to 30 years old the pill was the most used contraceptive, after 30 there was a predominance of female sterilization, which increased with the number of children and decreased with schooling. The use of male methods had also increased in the 1986 and 1996 period, being greater in Sao Paulo than in Brazil. Sao Paulo also presented more diversity in the use of reversible contraceptives. Conclusions The predominant two contraceptive methods in Brazil and Sao Paulo changed from 1986 to 1996, i.e..from pill to female sterilization.     

E-钙黏蛋白、β-连接素与不明原因不孕症发病机制的探讨

目的探讨E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)和β-连接素(-βcatenin)在人子宫内膜组织中的表达与不明原因不孕症的关系。方法采用免疫组化S-P法,检测35例正常及41例不明原因不孕症子宫内膜E-cadherin和-βcatenin的表达水平。结果正常组各期子宫内膜腺上皮均见二者的表达,且在分泌中期达到高峰;-βcatenin在间质细胞有同样的变化,而E-cadherin增生期未见表达。不孕组增生期腺上皮二者仅有弱表达,分泌期表达增加(P<0.05),分泌中期与早、晚期比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05);间质细胞E-cadherin的表达无统计学意义。结论E-cadherin和-βcatenin在人子宫内膜腺上皮和间质细胞规律性表达,其表达异常,可能是导致不孕的重要原因。