Periurethral injection of autologous adipose‐derived regenerative cells for the treatment of male stress urinary incontinence: Report of three initial cases

Objectives: To report a novel cell therapy using autologous adipose tissue‐derived regenerative cells for male stress urinary incontinence caused by urethral sphincteric deficiency, and the outcomes in the initial cases undergoing periurethral injection of adipose tissue‐derived regenerative cells. Methods: Three patients with moderate stress incontinence after radical prostatectomy and holmium laser enucleation of the prostate were enrolled. Adipose tissue‐derived regenerative cells were isolated from the abdominal adipose tissue by using the Celution system. Subsequently, the isolated adipose tissue‐derived regenerative cells, and a mixture of adipose tissue‐derived regenerative cells and adipose tissue were transurethrally injected into the rhabdosphincter and submucosal space of the urethra, respectively. Short‐term outcomes during a 6‐month follow up were assessed by a 24‐h pad test, a validated patient questionnaire, urethral pressure profile, transrectal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Urinary incontinence progressively improved after 2 weeks of injection up to 6 months in terms of decreased leakage volume, decreased frequency and amount of incontinence, and improved quality of life. Both maximum urethral closing pressure and functional profile length increased. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested a sustained presence of the injected adipose tissue. Enhanced ultrasonography showed a progressive increase in the blood flow to the injected area. No significant adverse events were observed peri‐ and postoperatively. Conclusion: These preliminary findings suggest that periurethral injection of the autologous adipose tissue‐derived regenerative cells is a safe and feasible treatment modality for male stress urinary incontinence.     

Managing fistula‐in‐ano with ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract procedure: the Western Hospital experience

Aim To review the preliminary results of the ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) technique in treating complex anal fistulas at our hospital. Method Between March and November 2010, patients with cryptoglandular anal fistulas were recruited prospectively from the colorectal clinic and treated using the LIFT procedure. A database was set up to collect information on demographics, past surgical treatments, fistula characteristics, MRI scan results, operative data and follow‐up findings. The primary end‐point measured was cure of the disease. The secondary end‐point was the degree of postoperative continence. Preoperative and postoperative incontinence rates were recorded using Wexner’s Incontinence Scale. Results Twenty‐five patients (eight women and 17 men; median age, 40 years) underwent the LIFT procedure. Ten patients had recurrent fistulas and previous fistula surgery. The median operating time was 39 min. No intraoperative complications were documented. The median follow‐up duration was 22 (3–43) weeks. Primary healing was observed in 17 (68.0%) patients and the median healing time was 6 weeks; one wound remained incompletely healed. Seven patients (28.0%) had disease recurrence presenting between 7 and 20 weeks postoperatively. No patients reported any incontinence postoperatively. Conclusion The LIFT procedure has favourable healing rates with little or no risk of incontinence. This operation is safe and easy to learn. The early results from this pilot study show promise and affirm some of the findings of other researchers. These results will suggest opportunities to conduct further controlled studies comparing the LIFT procedure with standard therapies.     

Efficacy of management algorithm for reducing need for sphincterotomy in chronic anal fissures

Background Lateral internal sphincterotomy is the most effective treatment for chronic anal fissure (CAF), but carries a risk of faecal incontinence. We aimed to analyse efficacy and acceptance of a treatment algorithm in reducing the rate of necessary sphincterotomies. Method Patients with CAF seen from 2001 to 2010 were retrospectively analysed. All patients were offered all steps of the algorithm nitroglycerine (NTG) → Botox (BTX) → surgery, unless symptoms or patient preference demanded a more aggressive treatment. Patients were followed up in clinic, and treatment was advanced if a step either failed or caused intolerable side effects. Results Two hundred and nine patients were included in the analysis. Mean duration of symptoms was 25.6 months and mean follow up 16 months. One hundred and 41 patients started on NTG, 36 on BTX, and 31 went straight to surgery. One patient opted for no treatment. Symptoms persisted in 58 (41.1%) of 141 NTG patients. Forty‐five (31.9% of NTG subset) were advanced to BTX and 13 (9.2% of subset) to surgery. Of the 81 (36 primary + 45 secondary) BTX patients (38.8% of the total), only 11 (13.6% of subset) required surgery. A total of 55 (31 primary + 24 secondary; 26.3%) patients needed surgery: two (3.6%) fissures did not heal, one patient developed an abscess, 14 (25.5%) had prolonged wound healing and two (3.6%) developed a recurrent fissure after the sphincterotomy had healed. Conclusion Our algorithm is effective in CAF and the majority of patients respond to conservative management. Only 26.3% of all patients require surgery, which is effective but also carries some temporary morbidity.     

Does the magnetic anal sphincter device compare favourably with sacral nerve stimulation in the management of faecal incontinence?

Aim The magnetic anal sphincter (MAS) is a recent surgical innovation for severe faecal incontinence (FI). With its place in the treatment algorithm of FI yet to be defined, we report a nonrandomized comparison between MAS and sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) in a single‐centre cohort of patients with FI. Method Data were reviewed from prospective databases. From December 2008 to December 2010, 12 women [median age 65 (42–76) years], having FI for a median of 6.5 years, were implanted with a MAS. Sixteen women, of similar age, preoperative function scores, aetiology and duration of incontinence, and implanted with a permanent SNS pulse generator during the same period, served as a reference group. The duration of hospital stay, complications, change in incontinence and quality of life scores and anal physiology were compared between the two groups. Results The duration of follow up was similar [MAS = 18 (8–30) months vs SNS = 22 (10–28) months; P = 0.318]. Four patients with MAS experienced a 30‐day complication, and the device was removed from one patient in each group. A significant improvement in incontinence (P < 0.001) and quality‐of‐life scores (P < 0.04) occurred in both groups. Mean anal resting pressure increased significantly in patients implanted with a MAS (P = 0.027). Conclusion In this single‐centre nonrandomized cohort of FI patients, MAS was as effective as SNS in improving continence and quality of life, with similar morbidity. These results can now serve as a prelude to a randomized trial comparing the procedures.     

EAU Guidelines on Assessment and Nonsurgical Management of Urinary Incontinence

Context

The previous European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on urinary incontinence comprised a summary of sections of the 2009 International Consultation on Incontinence. A decision was made in 2010 to rewrite these guidelines based on an independent systematic review carried out by the EAU guidelines panel, using a sustainable methodology.

Objective

We present a short version of the full guidelines on assessment, diagnosis, and nonsurgical treatment of urinary incontinence, with the aim of increasing their dissemination.

Evidence acquisition

Evidence appraisal included a pragmatic review of existing systematic reviews and independent new literature searches, based on Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome questions. Appraisal of papers was carried out by an international panel of experts, who also collaborated on a series of consensus discussions, to develop concise structured evidence summaries and action-based recommendations using a modified Oxford system.

Evidence summary

The full version of the guidelines is available online (http://www.uroweb.org/guidelines/online-guidelines/). The guidelines include algorithms that refer the reader back to the supporting evidence, and they are more immediately useable in daily clinical practice.

Conclusions

These new guidelines present an up-to-date summary of the available evidence, together with clear clinical algorithms and action-based recommendations based on the best available evidence. Where such evidence does not exist, they present a consensus of expert opinion.     

腹腔镜单纯尿道前壁加强法与尿道前后壁加强法(Sandwich法)改善前列腺癌根治术后早期尿控的对比分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜单纯尿道前壁悬吊加强法和尿道前后壁加强法对前列腺癌根治术后早期尿控的疗效。方法 纳入自2014年2月至2019年12月,首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院泌尿外科收治的99例前列腺癌患者,其中56例采用尿道前后壁加强法治疗,43例采用单纯尿道前壁悬吊加强法治疗,比较两组患者的年龄、体质量指数、前列腺体积、术前前列腺特异性抗原（prostate specific antigen,PSA）,临床分期、手术时间、病理分期、Gleason评分、淋巴结阳性率、术后切缘阳性率及通过电话随访拔除尿管后第2、4、12、24、52周时的尿控恢复情况。结果 两组患者的年龄、体质量指数、前列腺体积、PSA、临床分期、手术时间、病理分期、Gleason评分、淋巴结阳性率、术后切缘阳性率差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,拔除尿管后第12周可见单纯尿道前壁悬吊加强法的治疗效果优于尿道前后壁加强法,但各指标差异仍无统计学意义（P=0.058）。结论 腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术中采用前壁加强缝合悬吊法安全易行,与前后壁双重加强的方法相比,疗效接近。     

经会阴盆底超声在二维状态下对压力性尿失禁的应用价值研究

目的研究经会阴盆底超声在二维状态下对压力性尿失禁的应用价值。方法选取2017年6月～2018年6月年在牡丹江医学院附属红旗医院因压力性尿失禁就诊的患者40例作为研究对象,选取同期在我院因其他疾病就诊的女性患者30例作为对照组,在二维经会阴盆底超声情况下观察逼尿肌厚度、膀胱颈位置、尿道倾斜角、膀胱后角、膀胱颈下降距离、尿道旋转角、尿道内口有无开放。结果实验组患者在静息状态下及Valsalva最大化状态下、膀胱后角、膀胱颈下降距离及尿道旋转角较对照组患者明显增加(P0.05);逼尿肌厚度、膀胱颈位置及尿道倾斜角,实验组患者与对照组患者比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经会阴盆底超声对评价压力性尿失禁具有一定的临床应用价值。     

Prevalence of symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse in a Swedish population

Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in a Swedish urban female population. The cross-sectional study design included 8,000 randomly selected female residents in Stockholm, 30–79-year old. A postal questionnaire enquired about symptomatic POP, using a validated set of five questions, and about urinary incontinence and demographic data. Of 5,489 women providing adequate information, 454 (8.3%, 95% confidence interval 7.3–9.1%) were classified as having symptomatic POP. The prevalence rose with increasing age but leveled off after age 60. In a logistic regression model that disentangled the independent effects, parity emerged as a considerably stronger risk factor than age. There was a ten-fold gradient in prevalence odds of POP with parity, the steepest slope (four-fold) being between nulliparous and primiparous women. The prevalence of frequent stress urinary incontinence was 8.9% and that of frequent urge incontinence 5.9%. Out of the 454 women with prolapse, 37.4% had either or both types of incontinence.     

用人工合成材料的吊带经耻骨固定或经腹壁固定治疗真性女性压力性尿失禁

目的总结用人工合成材料的吊带经不同的途径治疗女性压力性尿失禁的方法和结果。方法采用人工合成材料的吊带经耻骨固定（In—Fast）技术治疗3例，用经腹壁固定（TVT和IVS）技术治疗13例。结果绝大多数病人均排尿通畅．无尿失禁复发。但TVT组有1例排尿不畅，3个月后剪断吊带后变为轻度尿失禁。In-fast组有1例性交不适伴阴道分泌物增加。结论用人工合成材料的吊带进行悬吊技术治疗女性真性压力性尿失禁是安全、微创和有效的手术方式。经耻骨固定技术和用经腹壁固定技术这两种方法各有自己的优缺点。应根据病人的具体情况去选择使用。     

磁共振成像在压力性尿失禁诊断中的应用价值

目的:探讨磁共振成像(MRI)在压力性尿失禁(SUI)诊断中的应用价值。方法:对28例有典型临床表现并经尿动力检查确诊为SUI的患者,分别在自然和应力状态下行MRI,显示不同状态下膀胱尿道的位置及形态改变,测量两种状态时膀胱尿道连接点至耻尾线的垂直距离及距离差(即下移度)。并与18例健康对照者进行比较。结果:SUI组28例应力状态下膀胱尿道连接点明显下移,其中24例下移至耻尾线以下,下移距离(10.32±1.92)mm;18例正常对照者下移距离为(5.3±1.36)mm,与SUI组比较P<0.01,且膀胱尿道连接点均位于耻尾线以上。SUI组3例可见后尿道呈漏斗状开放;对照组后尿道形态均正常。完整地显示全尿道两组总共仅15例。结论:MRI可以直接表现解剖型SUI的尿道活动及其程度,显示膀胱颈后尿道的形态,从而间接判断Ⅲ型或Ⅱ/Ⅲ混合型SUI,同时操作简便,影像清晰,直观全面,并具非侵入性,但完整地显示全尿道有待于进一步探索。