Findings from a mixed-methods study of an interprofessional faculty development program

Forty faculty members from eight schools participated in a year-long National Faculty Development Program (NFDP) conducted in 2012–2013, aimed at developing faculty knowledge and skills for interprofessional education (IPE). The NFDP included two live conferences. Between conferences, faculty teams implemented self-selected IPE projects at their home institutions and participated in coaching and peer-support conference calls. This paper describes program outcomes. A mixed methods approach was adopted. Data were gathered through online surveys and semi-structured interviews. The study explored whether faculty were satisfied with the program, believed the program was effective in developing knowledge and skills in designing, implementing, and evaluating IPE, and planned to continue newly-implemented IPE and faculty development (FD). Peer support and networking were two of the greatest perceived benefits. Further, this multi-institutional program appears to have facilitated early organizational change by bringing greater contextual understanding to assumptions made at the local level that in turn could influence hidden curricula and networking. These findings may guide program planning for future FD to support IPE.     

Academic incentives for faculty participation in community-based participatory research

Recognizing the need to overcome the obstacles of traditional university- and discipline-oriented research approaches, a variety of incentives to promote community-based participatory research (CBPR) are presented. Experiences of existing CBPR researchers are used in outlining how this methodological approach can appeal to faculty: the common ground shared by faculty and community leaders in challenging the status quo; opportunities to have an impact on local, regional, and national policy; and opening doors for new research and funding opportunities. Strategies for promoting CBPR in universities are provided in getting CBPR started, changing institutional practices currently inhibiting CBPR, and institutionalizing CBPR. Among the specific strategies are: development of faculty research networks; team approaches to CBPR; mentoring faculty and students; using existing national CBPR networks; modifying tenure and promotion guidelines; development of appropriate measures of CBPR scholarship; earmarking university resources to support CBPR; using Institutional Review Boards to promote CBPR; making CBPR-oriented faculty appointments; and creating CBPR centers.     

A Survey of Pediatricians in Private Practices Who Participated in Community-Based Clerkships: An Intellectual, Inspirational and Professional Growth Experience

Purpose

To examine how pediatricians in private practices are affected by the process of training medical students in their clinics as part of a community-based clerkship program.

Materials and Methods

In 2007, a questionnaire was sent to 35 pediatricians who had provided private clinical settings for clerkship training for the previous 3 years. The questionnaire covered a number of points, including the pediatricians'' motivation to join and/or reasons to quit the program; if there were changes seen in their stress levels while supervising students; changes in their treatment procedures or attitudes because of the students'' presence; responses of patients and/or their guardians in regard to have medical students treating them, and whether the doctors were inspired to grow professionally by participating in the program.

Results

Of the 35 pediatricians, 31 (88.5%) responded. Eighteen respondents (58%) selected ''responsibility to cooperate with medical school'' as a reason to participate. Fifteen physicians (48.3%) answered that the clerkship program had a positive impact on their treatment procedures and their attitude towards patients.

Conclusion

Based on the pediatricians'' responses, the community-based clerkship program may instill intellectual inspiration and promote professional growth among the pediatricians in private practices, resulting in potentially better treatment for patients.     

美国护理教师导师制对我国护理教师专业发展的启示

教师导师制是美国研究型大学护理教师专业发展的有效途径之一。本文以宾夕法尼亚大学护理教师导师制为例,分析项目具体的运作过程,导师制项目包括个体导师制项目和团体指导项目。提出了从建立教师导师指导团队,导师的遴选、培养和支持,角色定位和要求以及实践多元化评价5个方面来探索教师导师制在我国护理教师专业发展的实践。     

East/West Visiting Scholars in Pediatric Anesthesia Program (ViSiPAP): Developing tomorrow’s pediatric anesthesia leaders

Promoting and retaining junior faculty are major challenges for many medical schools. High clinical workloads often limit time for scholarly projects and academic development, especially in anesthesiology. To address this, we created the East/West Visiting Scholars in Pediatric Anesthesia Program (ViSiPAP). The program's goal is to help “jumpstart” academic careers by providing opportunities for national exposure and recognition through invited lectures and collaborative opportunities. East/West ViSiPAP benefits the participating scholars, the home and hosting anesthesia departments, and pediatric anesthesia fellowship training programs. By fostering a sense of well‐being and inclusion in the pediatric anesthesia community, East/West ViSiPAP has the potential to increase job satisfaction, help faculty attain promotion, and reduce attrition. Faculty and trainees are exposed to new expertise and role models. Moreover, ViSiPAP provides opportunities for women and underrepresented in medicine faculty. This program can help develop today's junior faculty into tomorrow's leaders in pediatric anesthesia. We advocate for expanding the concept of ViSiPAP to other institutions in academic medicine.     

Learning to report

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: In radiology residency programs it is the task of residents to learn how to effectively report the findings and impressions from patient images they review, generally from an apprenticeship design. The authors sought to learn residents' perceptions of the value this apprenticeship model holds for them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight residents were interviewed in a 1-month field study and asked four questions about their experiences: How did you learn to report? What formal or organized dictation instruction have you received? What feedback do you receive? What is your opinion about your experience? RESULTS: It was found that residents perceive that the apprenticeship model is inadequate when learning to report. The authors found reporting issues could be classified into three categories: perceived lack of transferable learning from observation, lack of explicit direction from faculty, and need for a more structured approach to learning. CONCLUSION: Although residents agreed that learning the skills to report would be gained eventually through the apprenticeship model, they also believed that it did not give them the confidence or competence a more structured program could provide.