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31.
The development of more specific biomarkers for prostate cancer and/or high‐risk prostate cancer is necessary, because the prostate‐specific antigen test lacks specificity for the detection of prostate cancer and can lead to unnecessary prostate biopsies. Urine is a promising source for the development of new biomarkers of prostate cancer. Biomarkers derived from prostate cancer cells are released into prostatic fluids and then into urine. Urine after manipulation of the prostate is enriched with prostate cancer biomarkers, which include prostate cancer cells, DNAs, RNAs, proteins and other small molecules. The urinary prostate cancer antigen 3 test is the first Food and Drug Administration‐approved RNA‐based urinary marker, and it helps in the detection of prostate cancer on repeat biopsy. The SelectMDx test is based on messenger RNA detection of DLX1 and HOXC6 in urine after prostate massage, and helps in the detection of high‐risk prostate cancer on prostate biopsy. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 30–200 nm that are secreted from various types of cells. Urinary prostate cancer‐derived exosomes also contain RNAs and proteins specific for prostate cancer (e.g. PCA3 and TMPRSS2‐ERG), and could be promising sources of novel biomarker discovery. The ExoDx Prostate test is a commercially available test based on the detection of three genes (PCA3, ERG and SPDEF) in urinary exosomes. Advancement of comprehensive analysis (microarray, mass spectrometry and next‐generation sequencing) has resulted in the discovery of several urinary biomarkers. Non‐invasive urinary markers can help in the decision to carry out prostate biopsy or in the design of a therapeutic strategy. 相似文献
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Changes in the expression of IL‐6‐Mediated MicroRNAs in the dorsal root ganglion under neuropathic pain in mice
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Naosuke Hori Michiko Narita Akira Yamashita Hiroshi Horiuchi Yusuke Hamada Takashige Kondo Moe Watanabe Katsuhide Igarashi Miho Kawata Masahiro Shibasaki Mitsuaki Yamazaki Naoko Kuzumaki Eiichi Inada Takahiro Ochiya Masako Iseki Tomohisa Mori Minoru Narita 《Synapse (New York, N.Y.)》2016,70(8):317-324
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目的检测胃癌患者血清外泌体(exosome)中抗分化非编码RNA(DANCR)的表达水平并分析其临床应用价值。方法采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测胃癌细胞培养上清和胃癌患者血清exosome中DANCR表达水平,分析其与临床病理资料的相关性,绘制ROC曲线评价其诊断效能。结果 DANCR在人胃癌细胞系HGC-27中表达水平(4.43±0.37)明显高于胃黏膜上皮细胞(1.01±0.01),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。HGC-27细胞培养上清exosome中DANCR表达水平(3.06±0.14)明显高于GES-1细胞(1.01±0.20),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。DANCR在胃癌患者血清exosome中的平均含量[5.060(1.380,22.785)]较胃良性疾病患者[0.535(0.340,1.380)]和体检健康者[1.200(0.605,1.655)]明显升高(Z分别为-3.409,-4.229,P均0.01),且与肿瘤大小、TNM分期以及淋巴结转移相关。胃良性疾病患者与体检健康者相比,血清exosome中DANCR含量差异无统计学意义(Z=-1.308,P0.05)。胃癌患者血清exosome中DANCR的ROC曲线下面积(AUCROC)为0.777,95%可信区间(CI)为0.678~0.876,cut-off值2.50,敏感性为68.6%,特异性为84.4%。结论胃癌患者血清exosome中DANCR表达水平升高,有望成为胃癌诊断的新指标。 相似文献
34.
外体(exosome)是由细胞内多泡体(multivesicular body,MVB)与细胞膜融合而释放到细胞外的纳米大小的膜性小囊泡,具有一定的免疫调节功能。造血细胞以及非造血细胞都可以分泌外体。肿瘤来源的外体(tumor-derived exosome,TEX)存在于肿瘤细胞培养上清液、肿瘤患者血浆或者恶性渗出液中,包含天然的肿瘤相关抗原,并能将其呈递给T细胞,可有效地促进细胞毒T淋巴细胞(cytotoxic T lymphocyte ,CTL)的活化,产生抗瘤免疫。近年来,也有文献报道外体可诱导免疫耐受,甚至产生免疫抑制作用而使得肿瘤逃逸宿主免疫系统对它的免疫监视,并能促进肿瘤细胞的增殖。这些功能的不一致与外体的表型密切相关。 相似文献
35.
目的 基于骨髓瘤细胞株外泌体测序及网络药理学研究当归四逆汤抑制多发性骨髓瘤血管新生的机制,为后续研究提供有针对性的指导.方法 利用TCMSP在线平台及SwissTargetPrediction网站获取当归四逆汤主要化学成分及对应靶点,借助GeneCards获取多发性骨髓瘤血管新生相关靶点基因,经与当归四逆汤作用靶点匹配... 相似文献
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目的 探索血清外泌体miR-451a在弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B cell lymphoma, DLBCL)中的水平及其在治疗监测中的价值。方法 本研究共纳入56例DLBCL患者,56例健康对照者。收集新发DLBCL患者治疗前、化疗2~4疗程及化疗结束后血清样本,并同时收集健康人血液标本, 提取血清中的外泌体RNA,并进行实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction, qRT-PCR),用受试者工作特征(receive operator characteristic, ROC)曲线判定miR-451a的诊断效能,用各时点收集的血清样本动态分析血清外泌体miR-451a水平与化疗效果之间的关系。结果 56例DLBCL患者与56例健康对照者相比,DLBCL患者血清外泌体miR-451a水平下降(P<0.000 1),在两组受试者间用miR-451a诊断DLBCL的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.737(95%CI0.645~0.816)。在随访到的43例DLBCL患者中,化疗后获得完全缓解或者部分缓解的患者其血清外泌体miR-451a水平较化疗前有所上升(P<0.05),与配对的健康人水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);化疗后未获得缓解的患者,其血清外泌体miR-451a水平较化疗前无明显变化(P>0.05),且仍然低于配对的健康人水平(P<0.05);化疗完成后在未缓解者与缓解者之间进行鉴别,血清miR-451a的AUC为0.867(95%CI0.728~0.951)。结论 血清外泌体miR-451a水平动态监测有助于DLBCL化疗过程中的疗效(是否缓解)判断。 相似文献
39.
乳腺癌是全球女性最常发生的恶性肿瘤,患者死亡的主要原因是复发、转移和耐药性的出现。研究已经证明,外泌体介导癌细胞与肿瘤微环境之间的信息交流,外泌体携带的miRNAs通过差异表达于乳腺癌细胞,在微环境中影响癌基因表达的调控,介导乳腺癌细胞的信号通路,调节癌细胞周期进程以及重塑肿瘤相关成纤维细胞等,从而促进乳腺癌的发生、发展和转移;另外外泌体介导中和、药物外排和免疫系统抑制三种主要机制导致耐药性。未来,各种类型乳腺癌中差异表达的miRNAs有望成为临床诊断和预后的相关生物标志物,及抗肿瘤治疗的新靶点。 相似文献
40.
Fei Tian Peiyun Wang Dan Lin Jiajia Dai Qibing Liu Yu Guan Yang Zhan Yichen Yang Wenpeng Wang Jiefu Wang Jia Liu Lei Zheng Yan Zhuang Jun Hu Junfeng Wang Dalu Kong Kegan Zhu 《Cancer science》2021,112(9):3744-3755
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the progression of many cancers through largely unelucidated mechanisms. The results of our present study identified a gene cluster, miR-221/222, that is constitutively upregulated in serum exosome samples of patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC) with liver metastasis (LM); this upregulation predicts a poor overall survival rate. Using an in vitro cell coculture model, we demonstrated that CRC exosomes harboring miR-221/222 activate liver hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) by suppressing SPINT1 expression. Importantly, miR-221/222 plays a key role in forming a favorable premetastatic niche (PMN) that leads to the aggressive nature of CRC, which was further shown through in vivo studies. Overall, our results show that exosomal miR-221/222 promotes CRC progression and may serve as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for CRC with LM. 相似文献