The effects and acceptability of different exercise modes on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis

Introduction:Exercise has been believed to have positive effects on blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, few medical evidences have been found to ascertain which type of exercise has the best effect on blood glucose control in diabetes and which type of exercise is more acceptable. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects and acceptability of different exercise modes on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients by using systematic review and network meta-analysis.Methods and analysis:Relevant randomized controlled trial studies will be searched from PubMed, EMbase, CochraneCENTRAL, CNKI, VIP, and Chinese medical paper libraries. Primary outcome indicators: glycosylated hemoglobin and dropout rate of the research (number of dropouts/numbers of initially enrolled subjects). Secondary outcome measures: fasting blood glucose, body weight, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), diastolic pressure, systolic pressure (SBP). Two reviewers are arranged to screen Title, Abstract, and then review full text to further extract data. Standard meta-analysis and network meta-analysis of the data are performed afterward. Methodological quality assessment is planned to be conducted using Cochrane risk of bias tool. The outcome will be analyzed statistically according to Bayesian analysis methods. After that, subgroup analysis is conducted on the duration of intervention, whether there is supervision of intervention, frequency of intervention per week, age, gender, and medication use.Trial registration number:PROSPERO CRD42020175181Discussion:The systematic review and network meta-analysis include evidence of the impact of different exercise modes on blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. There are 2 innovative points in this study. One is to conduct a classified study on exercise in as much detail as possible, and the other is to study the acceptability of different exercise modes. The network meta-analysis will reduce the uncertainty of intervention and enable clinicians, sports practitioners, and patients to choose more effective and suitable exercise methods.Ethics and dissemination:The findings of the study will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences and symposia. Further, no ethical approval is required in this study.     

心肺运动试验评估肺癌患者放射治疗前后整体功能变化的临床研究

目的:探讨心肺运动试验(cardiopulmonary exercise testing,CPET)对肺癌患者放射治疗前后整体功能的评估作用。方法:选择2017—2018年在徐州市中心医院住院拟行放疗的肺癌患者12例为研究对象,于放疗前一天和放疗结束后1周均进行症状限制性CPET及静态肺功能一体化检查,通过对数据标准化分析计算其核心指标,并从系统软件导出静息状态、热身状态、无氧阈状态、极限状态及恢复状态时的循环指标、呼吸指标及静态肺功能检查指标;通过SF-36、SAS和SDS量表评估患者放疗前后的生存质量、焦虑及抑郁情况。结果:患者放疗后峰值摄氧量、峰值负荷功率和递增功率运动时间较放疗前明显降低,二氧化碳通气当量斜率及二氧化碳通气当量最低值较放疗前显著升高,均有显著性差异(P<0.05);无氧阈、峰值氧脉搏、摄氧量与功率比值、呼吸储备及代谢当量等值与放疗前比较,差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05)。患者放疗后静息状态下的心率和极限状态、恢复状态下的二氧化碳通气当量较放疗前显著升高(P<0.05);氧脉搏在各个阶段变化不显著(P>0.05)。静息、热身、无氧、极限以...     

郑州市城乡中小学生体育运动现况分析

目的了解河南省郑州市城乡中小学生体育运动现状,为制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法以河南省郑州地区9所调研点校为目标抽样点校,采用匿名问卷调查方法对3 079名中小学生最近1个月的体育运动情况进行调查。结果郑州市每周上2次体育课的学生比例占53.9%,≥3次者占32.7%;城市学生平均每周参加大强度运动≥3次和小强度运动≥3次的比例均高于乡村学生(P<0.05),男生每周参加无氧运动、混合氧运动≥3 d及大、中、小强度运动≥3次的比例均高于女生(P<0.05),高中生参加不同运动类型和不同运动强度体育活动的比例均低于中小学生(P<0.01);高中生骑自行车上学花费的时间和静坐时间均高于中小学生(P<0.05)。结论城市学校体育课教学情况好于乡村学校,男生参加体育运动情况优于女生,高中生体育锻炼不容乐观。     

Effects of 8-Week Online,Supervised High-Intensity Interval Training on the Parameters Related to the Anaerobic Threshold,Body Weight,and Body Composition during Pregnancy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

We aimed to assess the effects of an 8-week, online high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program on the parameters related to the anaerobic threshold (AT), body weight, and body composition in pregnant women. A total of 69 Caucasian women with an uncomplicated singleton pregnancy (age: 31 ± 4 years; gestational age: 22 ± 5 weeks; mean ± standard deviation) were randomly allocated to either an 8-week HIIT program (HIIT group) or to a comparative 8-week educational program (EDU group). Our most important finding was that even with the 8-week progression of pregnancy and physiological weight gain, the HIIT group maintained the same level of parameters related to AT: volume of oxygen at the AT (VO₂/AT), percentage of maximal oxygen uptake at the AT (%VO_2max/AT), and heart rate at the AT (HR/AT). In contrast, in the EDU group we observed a substantial deterioration of parameters related to the AT. The HIIT intervention substantially reduced the fat mass percentage (median: 30 to 28%; p < 0.01) and improved the total fat-free mass percentage (median: 70% to 72%; p < 0.01). In the EDU group, the body composition did not change significantly. An online, supervised HIIT program may be used to prevent the pregnancy-related risk of excessive weight gain and reduction in exercise capacity without yielding adverse obstetric or neonatal outcomes.     

The Difference in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome According to Meeting Guidelines for Aerobic Physical Activity and Muscle-Strengthening Exercise: A Cross-Sectional Study Performed Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2014–2019

Physical activity and muscle strengthening are essential for preventing and managing metabolic syndrome. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and meeting the guidelines for aerobic physical activity (APA), muscle strengthening exercise (MSE), and combined exercise. We used data from 22,467 Koreans aged 40 years or older, who participated in in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2014–2019. We used the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) to measure physical activity and surveyed frequency of MSE through a questionnaire. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the American heart association and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Compared with none exercise group, odds ratios of APA, MSE, and combined exercise group (CEG) on metabolic syndrome prevalence were 0.85 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.74–0.98), 0.81 (95% CI, 0.67–0.99), and 0.65 (95% CI, 0.54–0.78) among men, respectively. Among women, ORs of APA, MSE, and CEG were 0.83 (95% CI, 0.73–0.93), 0.73 (95% CI, 0.58–0.91), and 0.74 (95% CI, 0.58–0.93), respectively. This study showed that meeting guidelines for APA and MSE was associated with lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, subjects who met both APA and MSE had the lowest metabolic syndrome prevalence.     

Physical Fitness,Nutrition and Quality of Life in German Medical Students

Background: Medical students are exposed to high cognitive demands as well as to a high learning effort, which as a consequence can lead to a limited quality of life (Qol) with reduced physical performance and unhealthy eating behaviors. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate the abovementioned factors and their relationship to each other. Methods: We included 380 medical students (167 men, 213 women, age 22.2 ± 3.9 yrs) who participated in the sports medicine elective subject. Qol was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire, and endurance capacity was measured by using an incremental running test. Daily dietary intake was measured using a 7-day diary protocol. Depending on sex and the maximum speed achieved, students were divided into three performance groups. Results: Men achieved higher maximal speed, heart rate, and lactate. Carbohydrates and fat intake did not meet recommendations in either group. Dietary fibre intake differed significantly between the performance groups in men and women, with the better groups having higher intakes. Conclusions: Our data do not suggest increased risk or health-damaging behaviors in medical students compared with the general population. Irrespective of this, incentives should be set to enable a healthy life even during complex studies with a high learning effort.     

血流限制训练改善认知功能的机制及应用方案

背景：血流限制训练是阻力训练领域的一种新型训练方式,血流限制训练在对肌肉力量、质量和躯体能力产生影响的同时可以诱导激活神经可塑性和认知功能等相关信号通路。然而,目前的研究尚未系统综述血流限制训练对不同人群认知能力的影响,对血流限制训练改善认知功能的神经生物学机制缺乏全面认识,且对血流限制训练的应用方案尚不完全清楚。目的：对国内外现有的血流限制训练对不同人群认知功能影响的试验研究进行梳理,深度剖析潜在的神经生物学机制,归纳总结以往研究应用血流限制训练改善认知功能的合理性方案,旨在为安全有效地应用该技术提供理论支撑和实践指导。方法：计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science和中国知网等数据库,检索时间设定为各数据库建库至2022年10月,中文检索词包括“血流限制训练、加压训练、血流限制疗法、血流限制、加压血流阻滞训练、血流阻滞、认知功能、认知能力”,英文检索词包括“Blood Flow Restricting Therapy,KAATSU training,KAATSU volume,Resistance training,BFR Therapy,BFRT,Blood Flow ...     

Effects of Thiamin Restriction on Exercise-Associated Glycogen Metabolism and AMPK Activation Level in Skeletal Muscle

This study aimed to investigate the direct influence of a decrease in the cellular thiamin level, before the onset of anorexia (one of the symptoms of thiamin deficiency) on glycogen metabolism and the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation levels in skeletal muscle at rest and in response to exercise. Male Wistar rats were classified as the control diet (CON) group or the thiamin-deficient diet (TD) group and consumed the assigned diets for 1 week. Skeletal muscles were taken from the rats at rest, those that underwent low-intensity swimming (LIS), or high-intensity intermittent swimming (HIS) conducted immediately before dissection. There were no significant differences in food intake, locomotive activity, or body weight between groups, but thiamin pyrophosphate in the skeletal muscles of the TD group was significantly lower than that of the CON group. Muscle glycogen and lactate levels in the blood and muscle were equivalent between groups at rest and in response to exercise. The mitochondrial content was equal between groups, and AMPK in the skeletal muscles of TD rats was normally activated by LIS and HIS. In conclusion, with a lowered cellular thiamin level, the exercise-associated glycogen metabolism and AMPK activation level in skeletal muscle were normally regulated.