Pleural mesotheliomas and asbestos exposure in the pulp and paper industries: a new risk group identified by linkage of official registers

Analysis of data obtained by linking the 1960 Swedish Census and the Swedish Cancer Registry has demonstrated an increased risk of pleural mesothelioma among pulp and paper workers. The present study was undertaken with the aim of revealing possible environmental risk factors. The work histories of the 25 cases identified earlier were reviewed. "Certain" or "probable" exposure to asbestos was found among 70% of these workers. The study illustrates how linkage of official registers can be used to identify new risk environments and encourage the establishment of preventive measures.     

Embossing Pressure Effect on Mechanical and Softness Properties of Industrial Base Tissue Papers with Finite Element Method Validation

Embossing is a converting process in which the surface of a tissue paper sheet is changed under high pressure, allowing different functions. In this work, the authors intend to study how the embossing pressure affects the main properties of tissue paper, using a laboratory embossing system. An optimum pressure was achieved at 2.8 bar to this embossing laboratory set-up. The effect of pressure when densifying the paper sheet gives it a gain in mechanical strength but no differences in terms of liquid absorbency. The two embossing patterns present different behaviors but both evidence losses in mechanical and softness properties. On the other hand, the finite element method (FEM) does not show clear evidence of how the pressure affects the paper strength. For the deco die, it is possible to observe that the amount of yielding is slightly higher for lower pressure (2.4 bar), but this plasticity state parameter is very similar for 2.8 bar and 3.2 bar. For the micro die, FEM simulations of the manufacturing pressure do not show a considerable impact on the amount of plasticity state of the material; only for 3.2 bar, it shows a change in the pattern of the plasticity state of the paper during the embossing processes. In the end, to achieve a final product with excellent quality, it is important to make a compromise between the various properties.     

Professional Burnout:

This paper attempts to answer the question of why social caseworkers have ongoing supervision by exploring the historical evolution of social work supervision. Supervision has withstood the many changes in the field since its beginning in the late 1800s and has been reinterpreted to fit the prevailing theories guiding practice, thus avoiding obsolescence. Supervision began as an educational device, then evolved into a practice tool, later became a therapeutic method, and then became a separate entity from therapy.     

The effects of pulp and paper mill effluent on physiological and hematological endpoints in fingerling largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of bleached kraft mill effluent on selected physiological and hematological endpoints in fingerling largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Fish were exposed for 35 days to surface water collected at sites up- and downstream from a pulp and paper mill treatment-effluent discharge. The condition factor, spleen somatic index, and pronephros cellularity were statistically significantly decreased in fish exposed to the downstream site, compared to the upstream site. There was also a shift from lymphocytes to neutrophils in peripheral blood of fish exposed to the downstream site. Hematocrit values and the liver somatic index were statistically significantly increased in fish in the downstream exposure. These results indicate that in-stream exposure to elemental-chlorine-free pulp and paper mill effluents produce a generalized stress response, leading to potential immunosuppression in fish.     

骨不连治疗的研究与技术应用进展*

背景：骨不连是骨折晚期常见的临床问题,数十年来,在各种新式内外固定材料、普及的显微外科技术、创新的植骨材料,尤其是分子生物学技术的全面帮助下,骨不连的治疗取得了突破性进展。
　　目的：总结骨不连治疗的研究进展,为以后更好地治疗骨不连提供技术理论和方法选择。
　　方法：由第一作者运用计算机检索系统检索1990年1月至2013年5月发表的有关骨不连原因及治疗方法的文献,以“fracture nonunion,treatment,progress”或“骨不连,治疗方法,进展”为检索词。同一领域则选择近期发表或者发表在权威杂志的文章。
　　结果与结论：排除重复性研究及时间跨度大的文献,从检索结果中共选择了48篇文章进一步分析。骨不连治疗手段主要有两种：非手术方式和手术方式,目前临床上以手术方式为主且高效。骨折愈合是多环节参与的复杂过程,一旦骨不连发生,应具体问题具体分析,根据患者的实际情况采取个体化治疗原则,重视软组织的保护,必要时联合运用多种手术及非手术方法,才能取得满意的疗效。     

Releasing of The White Paper on Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence in China

In the afternoon of March 26,2019, The White Paper on Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence in China was officially released in Beijing by the Chinese Innovative Alliance of Industry, Education, Research and Application of Artificial Intelligence for Medical Imaging (CAIERA). The white paper was co-operatively written by the medical imaging experts from the tertiary Chinese hospitals, the scientific experts from AI research institutions and the leading AI medical enterprises in China. The contents of the white paper not only cover the up-to-date application of AI in medical field, the latest advances of AI algorithms in medical image processing, the data requirement for medical AI development, and the current situation of structured data, but also expatiate the goal and challenge of clinical application for medical imaging AI development in 16 medical subject areas, which helps to identify the demands and opportunities for the AI industry. Forty representative enterprises of AI medical imaging in China were introduced in the white paper. The white paper points out the three key problems in development of AI products: the robustness, ease of usage and data security, which provides guidance of direction and strategy for the enterprises. Particularly, in view of the national policy on developing AI, the white paper gives a profound analysis on the challenges and the opportunities that medical imaging AI is facing. These contents agglomerate the cutting-edge efforts of experts in the industry-academia-research-application chain of medical AI, represent the mainstream voice of the society in China. The White Paper will play a guiding role in understanding the market demands and establishing standardized systems in the path of landing AI products in the field medical imaging. Full text of the White paper is publicly accessible from the CAIERA website, or by scanning the 2D code in the article.     

男科论文的写作规范与技巧

男科学术论文不仅可以反映目前男科学的研究现状和学术水准,而且是从事男科学专业人员重要的交流平台,对男科学的发展也有重要的推动作用。要想撰写一篇高质量的男科学术论文,只要遵循学术论文的基本要求,并严格按照规范的科学用语和格式,注意一些写作技巧,男科学术论文的撰写还是相对容易的。笔者结合多年从事编辑工作的经验,对男科论文的写作规范和技巧进行了较为详细的介绍。     

纸片血清标本肝功能体检实验研究及临床应用

目的：探索一种用纸片血清标本法为基层部队广大官兵进行肝功能体检的新途径。方法：采用信件邮寄纸片血清标本进行ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＡＬＴ及ＣＧ等肝功能测定实验研究及临床应用。结果：１００例ＨＢｓＡｇ对照测定结果完全相同,１００例ＣＧ及８０例ＡＬＴ对照测定结果无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。１７２８名基层部队官兵中ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性者５５例（３．２％）,伴有肝功能受损者２０例（占ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性者３６．０％）;７７８名刚入伍新兵中ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性者３例（０．４％）。结论：本研究为基层部队广大官兵就地进行肝功能体检提供了一种简便、可靠的方法     

2013—2017年我国全科医学领域中青年作者论文影响力评价研究

背景　20世纪80年代末,全科医学的概念引入我国大陆地区。我国全科医学起步较晚,目前关于全科医学论文成果的系统性研究也相对较少。目的　本研究以2013—2017年我国全科医学领域的科研论文作为切入点,对中青年作者发表论文的影响力及高影响力论文的特征进行分析,深入了解我国全科医学领域的科研论文产出及影响力情况,以期为今后全科医学的科学研究和学科发展提供参考依据。方法　本研究依照研究数据检索与采集、评价指标体系构建、定量评价、定性评价、综合评价等程序进行。于2018年7月,使用Web of Science平台的SCI数据库、万方数据库中全科医学领域的论文。检索策略主要依据全科医学领域的常见关键词构建检索式获得该领域主要论文,并将国内外全科医学/家庭医学/初级卫生保健领域及相关学术期刊发表的论文纳入作为补充,同时纳入作者单位为全科医学/疗科、全科医学系、社区卫生服务中心/站/社康中心、全科医学教研室/研究所等全科医学机构的论文。检索时间窗口限定为2013—2017年;论文类型限定为学术性论文（article）和综述评论性论文（review）。在查阅参考文献、专家咨询的基础上,构建论文影响力评价指标体系,设影响力水平、创新水平2项一级指标及附加项;采用层次分析法确定指标权重。按照发表年遴选年度被引频次较高的论文（被引频次居前30%的外文论文、被引频次居前2%的中文论文）进行定量、定性及综合评价。结果　2013—2017年,SCI收录国内外全科医学领域论文20 046篇,以发表文献的第一作者第一机构统计,我国作者作为第一作者共发表文献323篇（1.6%）;万方数据库收录国内全科医学领域论文15 553篇。根据论文的综合评价得分,共获得2013—2017年全科医学领域中青年作者高影响力论文90篇。90篇高影响力论文中,关键词以“高血压”出现频次最高（16次）;其余出现频次≥10次的关键词包括初级卫生保健、糖尿病、老年人等;第一作者的第一机构主要是高校非全科医学系〔34篇（37.8%）〕,其次是综合医院非全科医学/疗科〔16篇（17.8%）〕;大陆地区中,第一作者的第一单位地域以东部地区为主〔49篇（70.0%）〕;大部分论文有基金项目资助支持〔64篇（71.1%）〕,以市区级基金项目居多〔24篇（26.7%）〕。结论　我国全科医学领域中发表高影响力论文的中青年学者的研究方向契合学科研究热点;高校非全科医学系、综合医院非全科医学/疗科的学者积极参与全科医学的科学研究活动,促进了全科医学学科的发展。目前我国全科医学领域研究规模相对较小,我国香港地区全科医学研究开展较早,应加强我国大陆地区与港澳台地区的学术交流合作。为进一步提升全科医学学科建设,建议优化学术资源结构,加强对科研人员的培训,重点是高校全科医学系、综合医院全科医学/疗科、社区卫生服务机构等群体;增加对全科医学研究的基金项目投入;培育学科精品期刊,以提升我国全科医学领域的整体科研水平,深入推动我国全科医学学科的建设与发展。