单环刺缢及同种异体神经制成人工神经修复神经缺损

目的:研究去细胞的单环刺缢体壁和同种异体神经所构成的人工组织神经的组织相容性及其修复神经缺损的效果。方法:取大鼠40只随机分成实验组、自体神经组、硅胶管组、正常组。实验组将去细胞的单环刺缢体壁缝合成神经导管,其内充填去细胞的异体神经,修复大鼠10 mm坐骨神经缺损。术后4月,通过大体观察,组织形态学观察,了解该人工组织神经修复大鼠坐骨神经缺损的疗效。结果:该人工组织神经组织相容性良好,神经功能恢复效果正常组>自体神经组>实验组>硅胶管组,实验组疗效与自体神经组接近,明显优于硅胶管组。结论:将去细胞的单环刺缢体壁和同种异体神经制成人工组织神经修复周围神经缺损是可行的。     

Autogenous soft tissue grafting for periodontal and peri-implant plastic surgical reconstruction

This state-of-the-art review presents the latest evidence and the current status of autogenous soft tissue grafting for soft tissue augmentation and recession coverage at teeth and dental implant sites. The indications and predictability of the free gingival graft and connective tissue graft (CTG) techniques are highlighted, together with their expected clinical and esthetic outcomes. CTGs can be harvested from the maxillary tuberosity or from palate with different approaches that can have an impact on graft quality and patient morbidity. The influence of CTGs on soft tissue thickness and keratinized tissue width are also discussed.     

Intracranial and extracranial multiple arterial dissecting aneurysms in rheumatoid arthritis: A case report

ObjectiveWe describe a case of intracranial and extracranial multiple arterial dissecting aneurysms in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Case PresentationA 29-year-old man with a medical history of RA since 18 years of age was admitted to our hospital for vomiting, dysarthria, and conscious disturbance. At 23, he underwent ligation of the left internal carotid artery (ICA) with superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery anastomosis because of acute infarct of the left hemisphere caused by arterial dissection of the left ICA. During the current admission, computed tomography (CT) revealed subarachnoid hemorrhage, and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) demonstrated dissecting aneurysms of the left intracranial vertebral artery (VA) and right extracranial VA. We diagnosed him with a ruptured dissecting aneurysm of the left intracranial VA and performed endovascular parent artery occlusion on the left VA. For the right unruptured VA aneurysm, we performed coil embolization simultaneously. At 2 weeks after the endovascular treatment, follow-up DSA revealed that multiple de novo dissecting aneurysms developed on the origin of the left VA and left and right internal thoracic arteries. Those aneurysms were treated with coil embolization. Other remaining aneurysms on the left thyrocervical trunk, right transverse cervical artery, and both common iliac arteries were treated by conservative therapy. While continuing medical treatment for RA, the patient recovered and was discharged to a rehabilitation hospital.ConclusionConsidering that RA-induced vasculitis can be a potential risk of vascular complications including multiple arterial dissections, physicians should carefully perform endovascular interventional procedures for patients with long-term RA.     

Endovascular treatment of type 1 and type 4 non-saccular aneurysms of cerebral arteries – a single-Centre experience

Aim of the studyThe aim of this study was to evaluate our results regarding treatment options, complications, and outcomes in patients with non-saccular aneurysms of cerebral arteries belonging to type 1 and type 4 according to Mizutani’s classification.MethodsA total of 26 aneurysms in 26 patients were treated between 2014 and 2019. There were 13 males (mean age 42.77 ± 11.73 years) and 13 females (mean age 50.84 ± 9.37 years). In 23 cases the onset was haemorrhagic and in three cases non-haemorrhagic. A combination of conventional stents and coils was used in 10 cases, conventional stents and flow diverters in three cases, flow diverters and coils in five cases, and flow diverters only were used in eight cases. Radiological results of treatment were assessed after eight months and clinical after one year.ResultsIn 24 patients, aneurysms were occluded at the end of the follow-up period. An iatrogenic dissection and two haemorrhagic complications were registered. In three cases, parent arteries were occluded due to re-growth of the aneurysm, which caused middle cerebral artery infarction in one case. A favourable clinical outcome was registered in 19, patients, and non-favourable in five. Two patients died in the early postoperative period due to extensive damage to the brain parenchyma caused by initial bleeding.ConclusionOur results indicate that treatment of type 1 and type 4 non-saccular aneurysms with various combination of stents and flow diverters, with or without coils, is promising, although very challenging and technically demanding.     

带膜支架治疗Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层的疗效分析

目的分析带膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层的短期和中长期疗效。方法对2005年1月至2013年12月全麻下行带膜支架治疗的183例Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层患者的资料进行回顾性分析,包括术后住院期间的临床症状、术后并发症、ICU留观时间、住院时间、30 d病死率、出院后复查支架塌陷情况、位置和形态、夹层假腔直径情况、内漏等并发症及生存率、生存质量等。结果 183例患者带膜支架腔内隔绝术手术均成功,术后平均ICU留观时间为(3.08±1.93)d,平均住院时间为(7.08±1.67)d,术后30 d病死率为1.09%;出院后定期影像学复查所有患者均无支架塌陷、移位,形态正常,未出现夹层复发、破裂和逆向撕裂,未发现长期存在的内漏。随访过程中死亡4例,其中3例诊断为脑梗死。患者5年生存率为97.82%,生存质量无明显下降。结论腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层具有良好的短期疗效和稳定的中长期疗效。     

烟囱技术治疗近肾腹主动脉瘤的Meta分析

目的 系统评价应用“烟囱”技术治疗近肾腹主动脉瘤的安全性及有效性.方法 收集2003年-2014年已发表的关于应用烟囱技术腔内修复近肾腹主动脉瘤,同时保留内脏分支动脉的文献,回顾性分析技术成功率、血管通畅率、内漏发生率、并发症及病死率等近中期临床结果.结果 共纳入12篇文献的277例近肾腹主动脉瘤患者,技术成功率为93％,早期Ⅰ型内漏率为6％,脑卒中和心肌梗死的发生率均为3.90％;平均随访时间为13.6个月,血管通畅率为98％,共35例患者出现随访期内漏(Ⅰ型内漏10例,Ⅱ型内漏25例,无Ⅲ型内漏),随访期Ⅰ型内漏率为2％,肾功能损害发生率为12％,30 d病死率和随访期病死率分别为2.89％和8.38％.结论 应用烟囱技术治疗近肾腹主动脉瘤技术成功率较高,并发症率及病死率较低.     

Fate of bone grafting for acetabular defects in total hip replacement

Background:

The use of allografts and autografts in the management of acetabular defects have been reported with varying results. Trabecular metal is an expensive option in the management of these defects. This study aims to assess the fate and efficacy of bone grafting for acetabular bone defects in total hip arthroplasty.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 30 hips in 28 patients with acetabular deficiencies were treated with bone grafting and total hip replacement (THR). Seventeen hips had American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) type 2 (Paprosky type 2c) deficiency and 13 had AAOS type 3 (Paprosky type 3a) defects of the acetabulum. Allografts were used in 15 patients and autografts were used in the remaining 13. Cemented total hip arthroplasty was done in 18 hips and uncemented THR in 12. Seven patients underwent the procedure for, acetabular erosion and symptoms following hemiarthroplasty (4 out of 7), or, acetabular revision for failure (3 out of 7) following total hip arthroplasty. Acetabular deficiencies in other patients were due to posttraumatic causes, advanced primary hip arthritis and second stage treatment of postinfective arthritis. A mesh was used in 6 hips and screws were used in 13 hips for graft fixation.

Results:

Patients were followed up clinicoradiologically for a period of 10 months to 4 years (mean 23.4 months). One patient required staged revision due to infection. Two patients had early asymptomatic cup migration. One patient had graft lysis and change in cup inclination with persistent pain. He was not keen on further intervention at last followup. Other patients were pain free at the time of followup with radiographs showing maintenance of graft and implant position.

Conclusion:

Bone grafting is a suitable option in the management of acetabular defects in total hip arthroplasty, especially in resource challenged countries.     

Endovascular Therapy for Ischemic Stroke

The utility of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV t-PA) in improving the clinical outcomes after acute ischemic stroke has been well demonstrated in past clinical trials. Though multiple initial small series of endovascular stroke therapy had shown good outcomes as compared to IV t-PA, a similar beneficial effect had not been translated in multiple randomized clinical trials of endovascular stroke therapy. Over the same time, there have been parallel advances in imaging technology and better understanding and utility of the imaging in therapy of acute stroke. In this review, we will discuss the evolution of endovascular stroke therapy followed by a discussion of the key factors that have to be considered during endovascular stroke therapy and directions for future endovascular stroke trials.     

Insights From a Multidisciplinary Introduction of the MANTA Vascular Closure Device

ObjectivesThe aim of this paper is to report insights from the first 100 consecutive cardiovascular procedures with MANTA closure.BackgroundThe collagen-based MANTA vascular closure device (Teleflex, Wayne, Pennsylvania) has recently been approved for the closure of large-bore femoral access.MethodsProcedural and access site–related complications were analyzed according to Valve Academic Research Consortium–2 criteria. Duration of bleeding after device closure was recorded.ResultsPatients underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement (n = 75), endovascular aortic replacement (n = 21), or Impella left ventricular support (n = 4). In these 100 patients, a total of 122 MANTA devices were used (22 patients had bilateral large-bore access). None of the patients received protamine. Immediate hemostasis was achieved in 70 patients and hemostasis within 5 min in 87 patients. There were 7 patients with major and 4 patients with minor MANTA-associated vascular complications: femoral artery occlusion in 2, ongoing bleeding in 5, and pseudoaneurysm formation in 4 patients. One patient was treated with covered stent implantation, 7 required surgical revision, and 4 received thrombin injection. Complications occurred significantly more often in patients with peripheral artery disease and a minimal artery diameter <6 mm. Careful review of these complications suggests 3 distinct failure mechanisms. In vessels with narrow femoral artery diameters, elevation of the toggle may lead to occlusion of the artery, incomplete apposition of the plug may lead to perivascular (potentially retroperitoneal) bleeding, or pseudoaneurysm formation may occur.ConclusionsIn this paper, MANTA-associated complications are addressed, 3 distinct failure mechanisms are suggested, and strategies to avoid these complications and improve procedural outcomes are discussed.     

腔内修复术治疗破裂性腹主动脉瘤的疗效及技巧探讨

目的观察腔内修复术(EVAR)治疗破裂性腹主动脉瘤(RAAA)的疗效,并探讨手术经验与技巧。方法 2009年1月—2013年12月收治的RAAA患者12例,均于全身麻醉后行EVAR,经一侧股动脉穿刺置管造影,沿肾动脉下方通过输送器植入支架。结果 12例患者中,8例(66.67%)植入分叉型人工血管内支架,4例(33.33%)植入直型支架;平均手术时间(170.35±15.34)min,平均出血量和输血量分别为(92.55±8.67)m L和(301.58±16.39)m L。术中无死亡病例,术后2例(16.67%)死亡;主要并发症为心律失常、肺部感染、肾功能损害等,并发症总发生率58.33%;1例(10.00%)患者于术后26个月出现Ⅰa型内漏,再次行栓塞治疗。结论 EVAR是RAAA的有效救治方式,术前血管造影检查对保证手术效果至关重要。