血管内治疗大脑中动脉动脉瘤的研究进展

大脑中动脉(MCA)动脉瘤的最佳治疗方式仍存在争议。开颅手术夹闭一直是治疗MCA动脉瘤的首选方法,但随着血管内介入技术的进步和器具的改进,血管内治疗MCA动脉瘤的安全性和疗效也有进一步改善,并逐渐成为一种重要治疗方法。本文对MCA动脉瘤血管内治疗新技术及其安全性与疗效进行文献综述,以期为MCA动脉瘤治疗方式选择提供更多证据。     

完全穿刺技术在主动脉腔内隔绝术中的应用价值

目的 探讨血管缝合器完全穿刺技术缝合股动脉在主动脉腔内隔绝术中的应用价值及其安全性.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2013年11月昆明医科大学附属延安医院血管外科184例行“主动脉腔内隔绝术”患者的临床资料,使用血管缝合器缝合穿刺股动脉,观察其止血效果.结果 184例患者术中穿刺缝合单侧股动脉127例,术中穿刺缝合双侧股动脉57例,术中一侧股动脉使用2把血管缝合器184例,缝合器缝合完毕后立即停止出血170条,压迫5 min止血13条,压迫10 min止血1条,成功率100％,术中使用1把缝合器缝合完毕后立即停止出血51条,压迫5 min止血5条,压迫10 min止血1条,成功率100％,预埋1把血管缝合器时间为1.5 min,术后缝合推结时间1 min.术中无一条中转切开缝合,6条术后出现血肿,未治疗约2周后消退.术后随访3 ～ 36个月.3条动脉下肢疼痛经血管彩超或CTA检查证实有股动脉轻中度狭窄,经对症治疗后好转.结论 使用血管缝合器完全穿刺技术在主动腔内隔绝术中的应用是安全有效的,值得临床推广应用.     

320排CTA在诊断及介入治疗颈部动脉夹层中的价值

目的：比较320排CT血管造影(CT angiography, CTA )和数字减影血管造影(Digital subtraction angiography, DSA)诊断颈部动脉夹层常见影像学征象的敏感性。方法：收集我院神经内科及放射介入收治的58例经DSA诊断为颈部动脉夹层的患者,回顾性分析并比较其320排CTA与DSA的影像学特征。结果：与传统的DSA检查结果相比,对照分析CTA诊断颈部动脉夹层的能力。结果发现CTA显示双腔征为67% (4/6),血管狭窄为94% (33/35),内膜瓣为85%(22/26),具有很高的敏感性;在显示血管闭塞及夹层动脉瘤方面二者无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论：320排CTA作为一项有效、简便及非侵入性影像学诊断技术,可较清晰的显示颈部动脉夹层的多种影像学征象,对颈部动脉夹层临床诊治具有重要的指导意义。     

大动脉炎手术与腔内治疗的效果及其影响因素

目的研究中国人种族中,大动脉炎腔内治疗及转流手术疗效的比较,以及影响因素的分析,为国人大动脉炎治疗方式的选择及术后合并症的预防提供数据参考。方法研究对象选取从2002年1月至2014年7月,在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院血管科诊断为大动脉炎并进行外科治疗的患者,诊断标准采用1990年美国风湿病学会制定标准,对患者随访后进行数据分析。结果共行手术49例次,女性44例,占89.8%,平均发病年龄(27.20±10.35)岁,手术27例,腔内治疗22例(支架置入7例、球囊扩张15例),共处理病变血管61根。随访时间3~148个月,平均(50.43±42.708)个月,无死亡病例。通畅率方面,3个月通畅率97.8%,6个月通畅率95.6%,1年通畅率88.3%,3年通畅率79.6%,5年通畅率76.1%,10年通畅率57.1%。单纯球囊扩张成形术与球囊扩张+支架置入术,1年通畅率分别为91.7%和68.6%(P=0.045)。合并症方面,早期合并症仅有2例出血,晚期合并症共出现13例,其中脑梗死1例,血栓栓塞6例,再狭窄5例(支架内再狭窄2例,球囊扩张后再狭窄3例),人工血管排异反应1例,其中腔内治疗5例,转流手术8例(P=0.002)。累计无合并症比率1年为88.1%,3年为79.0%,5年为75.4%,10年为51.9%。Logistic回归分析提示,随访期间免疫指标异常是术后合并症独立危险因素(OR=7.596,CI:1.091-52.884,P=0.041)。结论转流手术与腔内治疗在3年和5年远期通畅率上,转流手术要明显优于腔内治疗;随访期间免疫指标的异常是术后出现合并症的独立危险因素,因此术后免疫调节显得尤为重要;球囊扩张成形术较球囊扩张加支架置入术有更好的一期通畅率。     

One-stage hybrid procedure for distal aortic arch disease: mid-term experience at a single center

BackgroundThis study analyzes the outcomes of a one-stage hybrid procedure combining thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) with extra-anatomic bypass in patients with distal aortic arch disease.MethodsThis retrospective study collected 103 hybrid procedures combining TEVAR with extra-anatomic bypass (mean age, 62.2±9.3 years; 90 males) performed from January 2009 to January 2019 at Beijing Anzhen Hospital. We analyzed 30-day and mid-term outcomes including survival rate and the incidence of stroke, spinal cord injury (SCI), and endoleak.ResultsFive deaths (4.6%) occurred within 30 days, including type I endoleak in Zone 1 (n=1), hemorrhagic shock (n=1), stroke (n=2), and stent migration (n=1). Two patients developed SCI. The median follow-up time was 39.5 (interquartile range, 13.6-69.0) months. In all, 14 late deaths occurred; these were due to stroke (n=2), severe pneumonia (n=1), aortic rupture caused by type I endoleak (n=3), and sudden death (n=8). Six late endoleaks occurred including three type I and one type II in Zone 1 and two type I in Zone 2. In a competing risks analysis, the incidences of reintervention at 7 years, late death, and survival without reintervention were 8%, 22%, and 70%, respectively. In a Cox risk model, stroke (HR, 21.602; 95% CI: 2.798–166.796; P=0.003) was the only risk factor for 30-day mortality. Stroke (HR, 19.484; 95% CI: 5.245–72.380; P<0.001), SCI (HR, 15.548; 95% CI: 2.754–87.786; P=0.002), and endoleak (HR, 4.626; 95% CI: 1.068–20.040; P=0.041) were independent risk factors for long-term mortality.ConclusionsThe one-stage hybrid procedure provides acceptable mid-term results with good mid-term patency of extra-anatomic bypass. Strict selection of patients suitable for hybrid repair can effectively improve the survival rate and reduce the incidence of complications. At the same time, close follow-up patients should receive close long-term follow-up after hybrid procedure.     

SCAI expert consensus statement for femoral‐popliteal arterial intervention appropriate use

Successful endovascular intervention for femoral‐popliteal (FP) arterial disease provides relief of claudication and offers limb‐salvage in cases of critical limb ischemia. Technologies and operator technique have evolved to the point where we may now provide effective endovascular therapy for a spectrum of lesions, patients, and clinical scenarios. Endovascular treatment of this segment offers a significant alternative to surgical revascularization, and may confer improved safety for a wide range of patients, not solely those deemed high surgical risk. Although endovascular therapy of the FP segment has historically been hampered by high rates of restenosis, emerging technologies including drug‐eluting stents, drug‐coated balloons, and perhaps bio‐absorbable stent platforms, provide future hope for more durable patency in complex disease. By combining lessons learned from clinical trials, international trends in clinical practice, and insights regarding emerging technologies, we may appropriately tailor our application of endovascular therapy to provide optimal care to our patients. This document was developed to guide physicians in the clinical decision‐making related to the contemporary application of endovascular intervention among patients with FP arterial disease. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

血管内治疗的急性缺血性脑卒中患者合并肺部感染的相关危险因素分析

目的观察接受血管内治疗的急性缺血性脑卒中患者合并肺部感染的相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析2016年1月~2018年6月南宁市第二人民医院神经内科接受血管内治疗的急性缺血性脑卒中患者124例,根据是否并发肺部感染分为感染组48例,非感染组76例。分析2组一般情况和可能影响发生肺部感染的相关因素。疾病的严重程度采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分和格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)。采用logistic回归分析急性缺血性脑卒中患者发生肺部感染的独立危险因素。结果感染组年龄≥70岁、术前NIHSS评分>15分、术前GCS≤8分、糖尿病、慢性肺病、后循环病变、机械取栓和抽吸、全身麻醉、术后持续镇静>1 d、气管插管>1 d及呼吸机辅助通气>1d比例明显高于非感染组,局麻加深度镇静比例明显低于非感染组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归显示,术前NIHSS评分>15分(OR=2.558,95%CI:1.741~2.563,P=0.003)、术前GCS≤8分(OR=4.358,95%CI:1.568~5.374,P=0.001)、后循环病变(OR=3.589,95%CI:0.328~3.251,P=0.005)、全身麻醉(OR=1.025,95%CI:1.159~2.664,P=0.041)和术后持续镇静>1 d(OR=3.254,95%CI:2.682~3.267,P=0.028)是血管内治疗的急性缺血性脑卒中并发肺部感染的独立危险因素。结论病情严重程度、病变部位、意识障碍和慢性肺病是导致急性期血管内介入患者合并肺部感染的危险因素。     

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂动脉溶栓联合血管内治疗对早期急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的 探析重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（rt-PA）动脉溶栓联合血管内治疗发病时间6 h内急性脑梗死（ACI）的临床疗效。方法 选取2017年2月—2019年3月徐州医科大学第二附属医院收治的发病<6?h ACI患者160例,按照患者及家属对治疗方案的选择意愿分组,观察组采取rt-PA+血管内支架成形术治疗,对照组采取rt-PA动脉溶栓,每组80例。比较两组术前、术后24?h、7?d、3个月NIHSS评分、ADL评分,观察患者血管再通情况,记录不良反应及临床预后。结果 两组不同时间点的NIHSS评分和ADL评分有差异（P?<0.05）,两组的NIHSS评分和ADL评分有差异（P?<0.05）,两组的NIHSS评分和ADL评分变化趋势有差异（P?<0.05）。观察组血管再通率为100%（完全再通76例,部分再通5例）,对照组血管再通率为95%（完全再通62例,部分再通14例,未通4例）,两组血管再通率比较差异有统计学意义（P?<0.05）。观察组术后仅2例再发脑梗死,未出现死亡病例,对照组术后12例再发脑梗死,且4例因脑梗死伴脑疝死亡,两组预后比较差异有统计学意义（P?<0.05）。结论 ACI发病6?h内采取rt-PA联合血管内支架成形术治疗可提高溶栓效果,促进神经功能恢复,改善预后,安全性良好。但受血管内介入治疗技术及术前准备耗时等因素的影响,可能会延长溶栓处理时间,抵消早期动脉溶栓的优势,建议视患者病情制订个体化溶栓治疗方案。     

Role of Embolization for Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations

Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are complex high-flow lesions that can result in devastating neurological injury when they hemorrhage. Embolization is a critical component in the management of many patients with cerebral AVMs. Embolization may be used as an independent curative therapy or more commonly in an adjuvant fashion prior to either micro- or radiosurgery. Although the treatment-related morbidity and mortality for AVMs—including that due to microsurgery, embolization, and radiosurgery—can be substantial, its natural history offers little solace. Fortunately, care by a multidisciplinary team experienced in the comprehensive management of AVMs can offer excellent results in most cases.