Clinical Investigation and Experience with Distal phalanx Replantation

Objective: To explore the measures and methods for improving distal phalanx replantation. Methods: One hundred and forty-eight cases with distal phalanx replantation from Sep 2004 to Sep 2007 were investigated. The indication for surgery and the operative program was determined by the trauma type and the degree of injury. As many microcirculation pathways as possible were reconstructed during the operation, and postoperative tissue decompression was also performed. Results: The survival rate of distal phalanx replantation was 89. 9%(169/148). Conclusion: To improve the survival rate of distal phalanx replantation it is essential to reconstruct an effective local blood circulation, determine the degree of injury in cases with ecchymosis, and employ comprehensive postoperative measures.     

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery: the first 50 cases

Background: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery is a form of minimally invasive rectal surgery first used at Cabrini Hospital in April 1997. This paper presents a prospective analysis of the first 50 cases with a median follow up of 33 months (range 20?48 months). Methods: Prospective data was obtained from all cases between April 1997 and June 2000. Results: Forty‐nine patients (30 men and 19 women) underwent 50 procedures. Thirty‐six had benign lesions and 14 malignant. The mean distance of the lower edge of the lesion from the anal verge was 8.7 cm. Three cases were converted to traditional transanal or transabdominal operations. Full‐thickness excision was performed on 26 patients and the rectal wound was closed in 13 cases. The mean duration of transanal endoscopic microsurgery was 67 min (range 20?175), with a mean blood loss of 24 mL (0?300). The mean diameter and area of the fixed specimen was 3.7 cm (1.5?9.8) and 11.4 cm² (0.8?18.9), respectively. Complications included postoperative fever (3), urinary retention (1) and per rectum bleeding (1). There was one death. The mean length of stay was 4 days. Histology confirmed complete excision in 39 (78%) cases and there have been two instances of local recurrence of adenoma (5%). Conclusions: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery is an effective, safe and cost‐beneficial procedure for local excision of selected lesions in the middle and upper thirds of the rectum.     

游离第二足趾移植一期修复拇指和手指缺损

目的观察急诊应用游离第二足趾（或）带足背皮瓣移植。一期修复拇指和手指缺授的临床疗效。方法对本组67例共83指不同程度拇指、示指和中指的缺损，急诊游离第二足趾（或）带足背皮瓣移植，通过不同的动脉和静脉吻合方式，重建血液循环，改进骨的内固定方法和肌腱吻夸方法，再造拇指和手指。结果所有再造指均全部成活，无一例患者出现肌腱断裂和骨不连。走部分病例获得随访6个月～5年，再造指外形皿功能良好，末梢感觉二点分辩率为5～12mm。供区所植的皮片均成活，感觉和外观令人满意。供足术后2～3个月可恢复正常的行走、负重功能。结论急诊游离第二足趾移植再造拇、手指具成活率高的优点，是值得广泛开展的修复手指缺顿的有效方法。     

支具加显微外科手术治疗重度虎口瘢痕挛缩的临床研究

目的 总结支具加显微外科手术在重度虎口瘢痕挛缩治疗的作用，探讨重度虎口瘢痕挛缩综合治疗的重要性。方法 自2000年4月-2004年10月。对76例重度虎口挛缩患者术前采用支具被动牵引治疗后，根据虎口挛缩情况进行植皮、“Z”字成形术度各种带蒂或游离皮瓣修复，拆线后，再以支具固定，以物理测量评价疗效。对所有数据进行统计学分析。结果 76例患者，术前进行15-90d治疗，虎口角、虎口宽度、手功能均明显增大。2例取消手术治疗，16例简化手术方案，35例缩小取皮范围。结合手术治疗74例，6个月后随访，虎口扩大优69例，良7例；手功能优16例，良33例，中25例，差2例。结论 支具加显微外科手术可有效扩大虎口、简化手术难度，缩小取皮范围，预防术后虎口再度挛缩的几率，是一种简便、有效的治疗方法。     

大鼠腹腔改良异位心脏移植模型的建立

目的建立大鼠腹腔异位心脏移植的动物模型。方法以显微外科手术技术建立异位大鼠心脏移植模型。结果应用显微外科技术可以建立大鼠异位心脏移植模型。结论这是一种快速、可靠的异位心脏移植动物模型。     

显微镜直视下巩膜外顶压及冷凝术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离

目的观察显微镜直视下巩膜外顶压及冷凝术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的疗效。方法142例（142眼）孔源性视网膜脱离应用显微镜直视下用冷凝头顶压巩膜，确定裂孔及变性区的部位并冷凝，巩膜外加压，术中不引流视网膜下液，术后观察视力、眼压、视网膜复位情况。结果142眼全部一次视网膜完全复位，视网膜下液1d吸收者98眼，2～3d吸收者44眼，术后视力均有不同程度的提高。随访3～6月，复发1眼。结论显微镜直视下巩膜外顶压及冷凝术治疗原发性视网膜脱离，在成功封闭裂孔后，视网膜下液可自行吸收，可有效减少放液所带来的并发症，具有方便、准确、可靠的特点。     

垂体腺瘤不同治疗方法的疗效对比分析

目的 :探讨各种类型垂体腺瘤合理有效的治疗方式。方法 :对采用口服溴隐亭、伽玛刀、经鼻 -蝶入路和经颅入路手术治疗的 12 9例垂体瘤的疗效进行对比分析。结果 :伽玛刀组 2 3 2 %的患者和经鼻 -蝶组 10 0 %的患者治疗后肿瘤完全消失 ,经鼻 -蝶组和经颅手术组肿瘤的次全切除率分别为90 0 %和 94 9% ,术后复发率为 5 1%。结论 :育龄妇女的垂体PRL微、小腺瘤可先试用口服溴隐亭治疗并随访 ;伽玛刀可作为各类垂体微、小腺瘤和部分大型腺瘤首选的治疗手段 ;采用经颅入路显微手术和术后辅助放射外科治疗是提高垂体巨型腺瘤全切除率、降低复发率的重要手段     

EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENT FOR OBSTRUCTIVE LYMPHEDEMA BY TRANSPLANTATION OF FASCIAL FLAP RICHED IN LYMPH VESSELS

Objective To provide a more effective microsurgical treatment for obstructive lymphedema. Methods Sixty models of rabbits with lymphedema in right hindlimb were devided into three groups： 20 for fascial flap transplantation （group A ）, 20 for no treatment （group B） and 20 for anastomosis of lymph vessels and vein （group C） as control. For group A, the posterior branch of medial vein in the normal hindlimb was cut down together with the fascial strip （ about 3 cm wide） around it and concomitant lymph vessels, then transferred through the block region of the affected limb. The two broken tips of the vein were anastomosed respectively to normal veins beside the block region. Subcutaneous tissue and skin were sutured at last. For group B, no treatment was carried out. But traditional anastomosis of lymph vessels and vein was used for group C. Postoperative variation of volume was observed and lymphoscintigraphy was made. Results The volume curve of the affected limb in group A kept declining after 2 weeks and nearing to that of the normal hindlimb in group B but away from that of the affected limb in group B. The curve of donor limb in group A was similar to that of the normal limb of group B, which meant no secondary lymphedema occurred in donor limb. The volume of the affected limb of group A had significant difference to that of group C at postoperative 24 weeks, which meant the effect of group A was better than C. The lymphatic drainage of the affected limb of group A was obviously better than B and C in lymphoscintigraphic image. Deposit of nuclein was lessened. Conclusion It was verified that the transplantation of vein-lymph vessels-fatty fascial flap had following advantages： decreased technical difficulty, better long-term effect, almost no chronic lymphedema occurred in donor site, extensive adaptation.     

Methods of teaching stapedectomy

OBJECTIVES: Establish a better method of teaching residents stapes surgery, with the goal of improving surgical outcome. STUDY DESIGN: A stapes surgery teaching module was developed with specific criteria to evaluate resident performance. A prospective study of stapes surgery performed by teaching module trained residents was compared with a retrospective review of stapes surgery performed by non-teaching module trained residents. METHODS: Four residents naive to stapes surgery were assigned to a stapes surgery teaching module. Stapedectomy of 20 temporal bones per resident, with six 3-hour laboratory sessions, was performed. Laser (CO2 and argon) as well as mechanical techniques were used. Specific scoring criteria were applied to measure performance. Results of actual stapes surgery of teaching module trained residents were compared with those of a comparable group of non-teaching module trained residents. RESULTS: Laser techniques in the laboratory resulted in statistically significantly better scores by defined criteria than mechanical techniques. Results of actual stapes surgery performed by teaching module trained residents demonstrated a trend toward better surgical results, although this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Graded operative experience and standard temporal bone surgery courses may not adequately prepare residents for stapes surgery. A teaching module with criteria to evaluate performance better prepares residents for this delicate procedure. Lasers provide a significant advantage in the laboratory model and should be used by residents at surgery. Residents not wishing to perform stapes surgery because of career pathway should be encouraged to turn over their cases to fellow residents.     

Endoscopy under operating microscope

Existing technical conditions make it difficult for a single surgeon to simultaneously observe the endoscope and the observation field of the operating microscope.Video endoscopy is not adapted, because it respects neither the constraints of microsurgery (the surgeon has to stop observing the binoculars of the microscope to watch the video screen) nor the micromanipulations necessary for the specialties using micro endoscopy.A new device is described that closely joins endoscope and microscope.This coupling device allows the surgeon to permanently control and alternate the images according to his choice.The surgeon is able to observe in the binoculars the images transmitted by the endoscope and/or the operating microscope.This device respects the requirements of the microscope and, thanks to its optical capabilities, the endoscopic image is improved.The professions requiring double observation will improve their ability in diagnosis and therapy.