颅内神经节细胞胶质瘤(附8例报告)

目的探讨颅内神经节细胞胶质瘤的临床特征及治疗效果。方法回顾性分析8例颅内神经节细胞胶质瘤的临床资料。结果平均发病年龄27岁,肿瘤位于大脑半球6例,脑干2例。临床表现主要为癫,影像学检查无特异性表现。显微手术全切5例,大部切除3例,放、化疗4例。随访3个月～5年,7例症状明显缓解,1例复发。结论神经节细胞胶质瘤呈相对良性过程,癫为其主要临床表现,治疗上应手术全切;对有术后残留或间变者可给予放、化疗,预后相对良好。     

显微外科技术在尿道下裂修复中的应用

采用显微外科技术行阴囊纵膈皮瓣尿道下裂修复术18例，均获成功。其手术要点为：将阴茎腹侧纤维索条切除，充分伸展阴茎，皮瓣保留足够长度与宽度，克保血运；在显微镜下采用7－0尼龙丝线缝合，形成皮管，不缝皮肤，只缝皮下。硅胶管支架引流，加压包扎阴茎。本文对手术成功的原因进行了初步讨论。     

Staged anterior resection and TEM to preserve rectal function in synchronous malignant and benign rectal lesions

BACKGROUND: Traditionally patients with a high rectosigmoid carcinoma and a synchronous large distal rectal adenoma would be treated by low anterior resection with associated loss of rectal function. METHOD: Four patients with a carcinoma of the upper rectum or distal sigmoid colon and a synchronous distal rectal adenoma were treated by high anterior resection followed by staged Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery (TEM) thus conserving the distal rectum. Preoperative and postoperative rectal function was assessed using the St. Mark's incontinence score. RESULTS: The proximal carcinomas and distal adenomas were 12-18 cms and 0.5-9 cms respectively from the dentate line. The mean surface area of the distal adenomas was 9.7 cms2. There were no deaths or major complications. There were no recurrences after a mean follow-up of 31.5 months. Rectal function was unchanged in three patients with a minor increase in the score in one. CONCLUSION: Staged high anterior resection and 'rEM offers effective treatment of synchronous rectosigmoid carcinoma and distal rectal adenoma with preservation of rectal function.     

神经导航下锁孔开颅显微手术切除脑深部海绵状血管瘤(附15例分析)

目的探讨神经导航下锁孔开颅显微手术切除脑深部海绵状血管瘤的技巧及疗效。方法对15例脑深部海绵状血管病人在神经导航下行锁孔开颅，运用显微神经外科技术切除病灶。结果本组脑深部海绵状血管瘤均取得了显微镜下全切除。术中出血少，均未输血。病人术后恢复良好，无手术死亡。结论采用神经导航技术可精确定位脑深部病变，锁孔手术又是处理颅内病变的微创神经外科技术。正确应用这两项技术，结合熟练的显微神经外科技巧，可明显提高脑深部海绵状血管瘤的临床治疗效果。     

舒芬太尼或芬太尼复合丙泊酚对喉显微手术血流动力学和应激反应的影响

目的 比较芬太尼复合丙泊酚与舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚用于喉显微手术患者的血流动力学和应激激素变化.方法 200例患者行支撑喉镜下声带手术,患者随机均分为芬太尼复合丙泊酚组(F组)和舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚组(S组).F组、S组分别静脉注射芬太尼3.0μg/kg或舒芬太尼0.3μg/kg、丙泊酚2.0mg/kg、琥珀胆碱1.5mg/kg实施麻醉诱导.记录和测定两组诱导前(T0)、插管即刻(T1)、插管后1min(T2)、置支撑喉镜后1min(T3)及拔管后1min(T6)的SBP、DBP、HR、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、皮质醇(Cor)、血糖(Glu)的变化和丙泊酚用量、麻醉恢复情况及不良反应.结果 F组T1、T2、T3时SBP、DBP高于、HR快于T0和S组(P<0.05).F组T1～T3时NE、Cor、Glu分别显著高于T0和S组(P<0.05).术中丙泊酚追加量和总用药量F组显著高于S组(P<0.05),麻醉恢复时间S组稍长于F组,但差异无统计学意义.结论 舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉对血流动力学和应激反应影响小,是喉显微手术中比较理想的麻醉配伍组合.     

89例小脑幕脑膜瘤的显微外科手术治疗

目的 总结小脑幕脑膜瘤的手术治疗经验。方法 回顾分析1993年5月-2006年5月，89例经手术治疗的小脑幕脑膜瘤病人的临床表现、影像学检查、手术记录、病理及术后早期并发症。常见症状是头痛（54例，60．7％）、头晕（29例，32．6％）、步态异常（34例，38．2％）、听力损害（27例，30．3％）及面部疼痛（20例，22．5％）。主要体征是共济失调（38例，42．7％）、运动和感觉障碍（31例，34．8％）及脑神经损害（48例，53．9％）。多数病例MRI表现为等T1、T2信号并明显均一强化。结果 本组全切除65例（73．0％），次全切除23例（Okudera-KobayashiⅣ—Ⅴ级）。手术并发症的发生率和病死率分别为22．5％和1．1％。结论 根据小脑幕脑膜瘤部位以及与周围神经血管关系选择最佳手术入路。如全切肿瘤可能带来重要的神经功能损害，应考虑残留部分肿瘤。     

Enlarged adenomectomy for enclosed prolactinomas: A preliminary study of 26 cases

Summary Preliminary results obtained from 26 cases of prolactinomas less than 20 mm in diameter after treatment by enlarged adenomectomy are described.The operation consisted in removal of the adenoma, a layer of normal pituitary at the outer edge of the tumour and the pituitary capsule in contact with the sellar meninges. 24 women and 2 men were involved whose prolactin levels (PRL) were less than 200 ng/ ml. All presented abnormal PRL responses to Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and Metoclopramide (MCP) tests and an absence of a nocturnal rise in the sleep cycle study. Postoperatively, three patients developed transitory diabetes insipidus and five transitory adrenal insufficiency. Gonadotropin reserve was always found normal. All 24 women resumed normal menstrual cycles and two became pregnant within one year. From a serological viewpoint, after surgery 100% of patients were found to be normal for levels of prolactin but only 85% turned to normal dynamic tests. The results of this small series of enlarged adenomectomies seem better than those obtained using selective adenomectomy, but must be confirmed with time.     

嗅沟脑膜瘤术式选择及长期临床预后随访

目的分析嗅沟脑膜瘤的手术治疗和随访结果。方法收集20例嗅沟脑膜瘤手术病例,并分析其临床表现及随访结果。结果嗅沟脑膜瘤大多以精神症状、视觉障碍和嗅觉减退为首发症状,9例行冠状切口,4例行半冠状切口,分块切除肿瘤,5例翼点入路,1例纵裂入路。1例眶上入路,SimpsonI级切除6例。SimpsonⅡ级切除13例,SimpsonⅢ级切除1例,预后良好,1例复发。随访时间1~6年(平均3.1年),术前术后均保留嗅觉的为2例,精神状态改善18(91%)和视力障碍改善的15(75%)。1例(5%)复发再次手术。结论术式的选择取决诸多因素,预后取决于手术中的组织保护。