鱼腥草的有效成分、药理作用及临床应用的研究进展

鱼腥草中含有癸酰乙醛、癸醛、月桂醛及甲壬酮等成分，其中癸酰乙醛具有抗病原微生物活性．药理研究证明鱼腥草具有抗菌、抗病毒、增强机体免疫、抗炎等作用，故在呼吸科、五官科及消化科疾病中都有广泛的应用．     

Changes of hepatic and systemic haemodynamics following somatostatin administration in patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis

Abstract Somatostatin has been used to effectively control acute variceal haemorrhage, with conjectured mechanisms on portal hypertension. We, therefore, evaluated the effects of somatostatin on hepatic and systemic haemodynamics in 15 patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis and portal hypertension. All patients received an intravenous, continuous infusion of somatostatin 250 μg/h, following a bolus injection of 250 μg. In systemic haemodynamics, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased ( P < 0.05), associated with a reflex bradycardia within 3 min following bolus injections, compared with basal values. The right atrial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, inferior vena cava pressure, cardiac index, and systemic vascular resistance remained unaffected after drug infusion. In hepatic haemodynamics, the wedge hepatic vein pressure remained unchanged after drug administration. However, there was an increase in free hepatic vein pressure (FHVP; P < 0.05), and a trend toward a decrease in the hepatic vein pressure gradient (HVPG; P = 0.063), within 3 min after bolus injection. Furthermore, the hepatic blood flow decreased significantly at 10 and 30 min after somatostatin infusion ( P < 0.05). The effective sinusoidal perfusion assessed by indocyanine green infusion also decreased progressively at 10 min ( P = 0.057) and 30 min ( P < 0.05). We concluded that somatostatin, at the dose used in this study, caused a transient and bolus-related vasoconstrictive effect, resulting in increases in MAP and FHVP, a decrease in heart rate, and a trend toward lower HVPG. In addition, somatostatin reduced the hepatic blood flow and effective sinusoidal perfusion which may be hazardous to cirrhotic patients during variceal haemorrhage.     

A breathing lung phantom for 81mKr lung ventilation studies its use in dosimetry and quality control

The construction of a breathing lung phantom that can be used to measure the amount of radioactive gas in the lungs as well as to determine the absorbed dose is described. For a lung ventilation study that consists of 6 views of 300 kents each, an effective dose equivalent of 50 Sv was calculated. The phantom is also suitable for comparison of different generator systems.     

Atrial fibrillation: a new explanation of the old phenomenon

We propose a new mechanism of atrial fibrillation basing on the results of 30 series of acute experiments on anesthetized cats. In brief, combination of two or more arrhythmogenic factors shortens the interval between the inward and outward ionic currents in cardiomyocytes to a critical value. Under these conditions repolarization of cardiomyocyte membrane reaches the excitation threshold before complete inactivation of the depolarizing currents. This inevitably results in autoexcitation of myocytes (or extrasystole), that in turn promotes repolarization. Once occurred, autoexcitation turns into self-triggering activity resembling tachyarrhythmia paroxysm.     

食管入口部的解剖学特点及其临床意义

目的：为全喉切除术后的患者进行发音重建，为制造适合我国人的发音管提供解剖学基础。方法：对４０具正常成人尸体标本食管入口部进行了观察测量，测量食管入口部的内外横径、前后壁厚度，第１、第２气管环之间气管食管共壁的宽度、厚度。结果：发现食管入口部前后壁的厚度相差显著，前壁明显厚于后壁。食管入口部的内横径平均值为１１．９ｍｍ，外横径平均值为１６．６ｍｍ。在第１、第２气管环之间的气管食管共壁宽度的平均值为１２．０ｍｍ；其厚度平均值为６．１ｍｍ等。结论：本研究对进行发音重建、食管镜检查有指导作用，为制造适合我国人的发音管提供数据。     

生理参数及药物注射方式对球形实体肿瘤中药物输运的影响

目的　研究球形实体肿瘤中生理参数对药物输运的影响，以及探讨有较好效果的药物注射方式。方法　设肿瘤中毛细血管网成球对称分布，肿瘤中的毛细血管表面积和肿瘤体积之比为半径的函数。肿瘤间质为多孔介质，化学药物透过毛细血管壁进入肿瘤间质，在肿瘤间质中输运满足扩散方程。肿瘤外正常组织富含血管和淋巴，药物能被淋巴管吸收，药物输运采用改进的药代动力学模型。用肿瘤中各部位药物浓度维持在最小药物浓度MEC水平以上的时间曲线面积(AUC)来衡量药物的效果。结果　增大肿瘤间质中毛细血管对药物的通透性P，提高药物在肿瘤间质的扩散系数D，AUC的值均增大。在给出的六种给药方式中，分时段连续滴注和等时间间隔一次性注射的给药方式，它们的AUC值最大。结论　增大肿瘤间质中毛细血管对药物的通透性，提高药物在肿瘤间质的扩散系数，以及采用分时段连续滴注和等时间间隔一次性注射的给药方式，有利于肿瘤的治疗。     

基于古今文献对经典名方中细辛毒性的有效避减探析

目的：通过研究细辛的相关文献,对影响细辛毒性的关键信息进行梳理,为经典名方中细辛的合理应用提供依据。方法：通过文献计量学的方式,搜集细辛的古今相关文献,分析细辛毒性与药物基原、用药部位、炮制方式、药物剂型、方药配伍、服药方法及患者体质因素之间的关系。结果：在经典名方的研发过程中,细辛在当归四逆汤、厚朴麻黄汤中的用量分别为9、6 g,煎煮时间应>120 min;细辛在辛夷散、三痹汤、大秦艽汤、清上蠲痛汤种的单次用量分别为0.8、1.2、0.9、1.1 g;当归四逆汤、厚朴麻黄汤、清上蠲痛汤等应选用辽细辛的根茎,辛夷散可选择汉城细辛的根茎。在药物的炮制上,当归四逆汤、厚朴麻黄汤、三痹汤、大秦艽汤四方中的细辛可选用酒制;辛夷散、清上蠲痛汤中的细辛可选用炒制;另外,细辛的毒性与药物的配伍和患者的体质等因素均有着密切的关系。结论：该研究通过梳理有关细辛毒性的文献资料,得出了影响细辛毒性的关键信息,探析了细辛毒性的有效避减方式,为包含细辛的经典名方的合理开发和安全应用提供了更为充分的依据。     

综合护理在烧烫伤患儿中的应用效果

目的分析综合护理在烧烫伤患儿护理中的应用效果。方法选取2020年5月至2021年7月蚌埠市第三人民医院收治的62例烧烫伤患儿为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为观察组(31例)与对照组(31例)。对照组采用常规护理干预,观察组采取综合护理干预,比较两组患儿的护理总有效率、并发症发生率以及家属满意度。结果观察组的并发症总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患儿的护理总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患儿家属对护理总满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在烧烫伤患儿护理期间,采用综合护理干预方法能够促进患儿康复,具有满意的临床效果,值得推广。     

胞二磷胆碱治疗轻度脑梗塞急性期52例的疗效分析

目的　探讨在轻、中度脑梗塞急性期使用胞二磷胆碱的临床疗效。方法　本文选择轻度脑梗塞急性期5 2例 ,在使用抗凝、溶栓治疗的基础上加用胞二磷胆碱作治疗组 ,另选择 31例不加用胞二磷胆碱作对照组进行临床疗效观察。治疗组使用胞二磷胆碱 0 .5加入 10 %葡萄糖注射液 2 5 0ml,一日一次 ,静滴 ,十天为一疗程 ,连用 1-3个疗程。结果　治疗组有效率为 92 .31% ,其中显效率 36 .5 4% ;对照组 5 4.84% ,显效率 16 .13% ,显著低于治疗组 (P <0 .0 1)。疗程观察以第三个疗程为宜 ,其有效率占治疗组有效率的 5 8.33%。结论　胞二磷胆碱在脑梗塞急性期使用 ,主要是促进脑梗塞可逆性组织损伤的恢复 ,防止脑缺血后改变的加重 ,使脑细胞活化 ,促进脑细胞机能的修复 ,是一种既安全可靠 ,又经济实用的脑细胞活化剂。