Effect of regular training on the anthropometric parameters and urine steroids in childhood

The changes in the anthropometric data and urine steroid metabolites caused by regular training in children in two age groups (11 and 14 years old) were investigated. The skinfolds of older girls participating in regular athletic, swimming or soccer training were thinner compared with age-matched control groups (P < 0.01) and their body mass and constitution were lower (P < 0.05). In the other groups no significant differences were observable in the anthropometric parameters. The trained children in all groups had significantly higher exercise times on the cycle ergometer (P < 0.01, in young boysP < 0.05). The strength of their hands was lower in three trained groups: in younger boys (P < 0.05), in younger girls (P < 0.01) and in older girls (right handP < 0.01, left handP < 0.05). The urinary excretion of androsterone (P < 0.02), 11-ketopregnanetriol (P < 0.01) and pregnenetriol (P < 0.02) was decreased in the older trained girls; pregnenetriol was increased in younger boys (P < 0.05). Urinary excretion of cortisol metabolites was increased in trained boys [in younger boys: tetrahydrocorticosterone (P < 0.05) and 20-hydroxycortisol (P < 0.05); in older boys allotetrahydrocortisol (P < 0.02), cortisol (P < 0.05) and 20-hydroxycortisol (P < 0.05)]. There were no significant differences in the younger girls. In the trained older girls urinary excretion of cortisol metabolites was decreased: tetrahydrocortisone (P < 0.02), allotetrahydrocorticosterone (P < 0.01), tetrahydrocortisol (P < 0.05), -cortolone (P < 0.01), cortisol (P < 0.02), 6-hydroxycortisol (P < 0.01) and 20-hydroxycortisol (P < 0.05). A multivariate analysis of the data from the trained groups and sedentary, age-matched control groups showed that regular training has a significant effect on steroid excretion.     

骨应力性塑形改建的研究及其对新兵基础训练的指导意义

分组模拟训练的２８８只兔股骨标本病理观察及扭断试验结果表明,较大强度和时限训练的主导作用是加速骨塑形改建,增强抗骨折能力。分３组经３种方法训练的１８０只大鼠的胚骨上段病理切片及电镜观察表明,强化循环训练组的改建完成率（４１．７％）高于其它两组（２６．１％,２１．９％）,而应力性骨折发生率（１１．５％）则低于其它两组（２２．９％,１８．８％）。对１１２９名新兵１２周基础训练的前瞻性流行病学调查证实,下肢长管状骨经历约９周的应力性塑形改建期,训练的第２、７周出现的应力性骨折高发的双峰现象可随训练强度与时限的加大或减少,而提前或延迟出现。在训练中采用“强化循环训练法”将加速骨的塑形改建及降低应力性骨折发生率。     

早期卧位踏车训练对造血干细胞移植患儿平衡能力和功能独立性的影响

目的 观察早期卧位踏车训练对造血干细胞移植(HSCT)患儿住院期间平衡能力和功能独立性的影响。 方法 回顾性分析苏州大学附属儿童医院血液科2020年2月至2022年8月收治进行HSCT治疗的儿童资料106例,但最终完成本研究病例69例,根据患儿HSCT出仓后是否采用卧位踏车训练,分为踏车组（32例）和非踏车组（37例）。2组患儿均行常规临床治疗和护理,并接受移植前后健康宣教,内容包含运动锻炼对移植患儿的益处和提供运动方案,运动方案的执行由家长监督完成,每日1次,每次20~30 min,训练频率为每周4~5 d;踏车组在此基础上于HSCT出仓后增加卧位踏车训练,每次30 min,5次/周,连续6周。分别于干预前和干预6周后（干预后）,采用Berg平衡量表(BBS)、儿童功能独立性评定量表(WeeFIM）、儿童多维疲乏量表（PedsQLTM MFS）对2组患儿的平衡能力、功能独立性水平和疲乏度进行评估。 结果 干预训练6周后,踏车组患儿BBS评分［（31.73±4.88）分］、WeeFIM量表中的运动功能领域评分［（61.18±13.44）分］、WeeFIM量表总评分［（95.25±10.93）分］、PedsQLTM MFS评分中的一般疲乏维度得分［（61.86±10.41）分］、睡眠或休息疲乏维度得分［（60.36±6.90）分］均较组内干预前有显著改善（P<0.05）,且改善程度优于非踏车组［（27.52±5.02）、（51.37±12.76）、（85.93±12.59）、（52.11±9.37）和（55.26±8.41）分］,组间差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 早期卧位踏车训练可显著改善住院期间HSCT患儿的平衡功能,促进患儿的运动功能恢复。     

上肢机器人虚拟情景训练联合头针对脑卒中患者认知功能障碍的影响

目的 探讨上肢机器人虚拟情景训练联合头针对脑卒中后认知功能障碍的影响。 方法 选取脑卒中后认知功能障碍（PSCI）患者90例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组、头针组、综合组,每组30例。对照组给予常规认知和康复训练,头针组给予常规认知和康复训练联合头针治疗,综合组给予常规认知和康复训练、头针治疗和上肢机器人虚拟情景训练。治疗前和治疗4周后（治疗后）,采用简易精神量表（MMSE）和蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）评估3组患者认知功能,同时采用改良的Barthel指数（MBI）评估3组患者日常生活活动能力。 结果 治疗后,3组患者的MMSE评分、MoCA评分和MBI评分较组内治疗前均明显改善（P<0.05）。头针组治疗后,仅MMSE评分和MBI评分显著优于对照组治疗后（P<0.05）。综合组治疗后的MMSE评分为（22.03±0.96）分,MoCA评分为（15.07±1.48）分,MBI评分为（73.10±8.45）分,均显著优于头针组和对照组治疗后（P<0.05）。 结论 上肢机器人虚拟情景训练联合头针可显著改善PSCI患者的认知功能,并提高其日常生活活动能力。     

The emergency medicine training needs of rural general practitioners

This study aimed to identify the emergency medicine training needs of rural general practitioners (GPs) in the catchment area of the Hunter Rural Division of General Practice. The GPs were surveyed using a questionnaire in which they were asked about their confidence levels in a number of specific emergency medicine skills, and about the areas of emergency medicine that they saw as priorities for upskilling. More than a third of GPs who were responsible for on-call work at the hospital indicated that they had low levels of confidence in a number of their emergency medicine skills, in particular skills relating to paediatric emergencies, cardiovascular emergencies, and respiratory emergencies. These emergency medicine domains were also seen as high priorities for upskilling by the majority of the respondents. The study shows that rural doctors need the opportunity to access emergency medicine training that provides upskilling not only in the management of clinical problems, but also in practical procedures.     

A healthcare staff decision model considering the effects of staff cross‐training

In this study a staff planning model for a health service clinic has been developed and validated using an example case of a health service clinic. The primary purpose of this research is to develop a representative staff planning model which balances the cost and benefits of staff task flexibility through crosstraining for a healthcare facility. Additionally, legal requirements for task substitution in the healthcare industry have been considered in the model.     

Study to evaluate the effectiveness of stress management workshops on response to general and occupational measures of stress

This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of stress management training workshops within Zeneca Pharmaceuticals. The study was of cross-sectional design, comparing groups of workshop attendees and non-attendees. In addition, self-rated well-being scores of attendees were compared with results obtained pre-workshop and 2-3 months after the workshop. Employees participating in the study were drawn from the Manufacturing, Research and Development, Sales and Marketing sites of Zeneca Pharmaceuticals located in Cheshire, United Kingdom. Three hundred and ninety persons who had participated in stress management workshops since 1988 were matched for age, gender and department with an equal number of employees who had not attended stress management workshops. Outcome measures included self-rated well-being (as measured by the 30-question General Health Questionnaire), knowledge of company guidance on the management of stress in staff, and an assessment of coping strategies. Subjects who had not attended a stress management workshop were much more likely to have a poor understanding of the principles of management of stress in staff [odds ratio (OR) = 8.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.3-21.3] and more likely to have poor coping skills (OR = 2.8; CI = 1.3-6.1). However, mean scores for the two measures were similar in attendees and non-attendees. Self-rating of current well-being was strongly associated with the life-events score, but not related to workshop attendance. The study indicates that stress management training workshops reduce the prevalence of employees with a poor understanding of the principles of the management of stress in staff and with poor coping strategies. An improvement in the self-rated well-being observed shortly after the workshop was not sustained.     

某部军事训练伤前瞻性流行病学研究

目的：了解军事训练伤的发生规律与特点。方法：采用前瞻性流行病学研究方法,对某部１９９７年３月至２月的军事训练伤进行调查。结果：该部军事训练伤的年度发生率为３０．０４％,上半年训练伤的发生率明显高于下半年,训练伤的发生率随年龄增加而逐渐下降,不同单位训练伤的发生率不同。在训练伤病例中以关节扭伤所占比例最大（３３．２１％）,受伤部位以肘,腿,踝和腕部为主,受伤课目以战术训练和５公里越野跑等所占比例高（