Transient decrease in sound tolerance levels following hearing deprivation in normal-hearing subjects

ObjectiveTo determine the circadian influence on sound sensitivity produced by temporal hearing deprivation in healthy normal human subjects.DesignParticipants underwent bilateral earplugging before completion of anthropometry, the author's developed questionnaire, the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Inventory, pure tone audiometry (PTA), stapedial reflex thresholds (SRT), distortion products otoacoustic emissions input/output (DPOAE-I/O), and uncomfortable loudness levels (ULLs). Afterward, the participants were randomly divided into group A, starting at 8:00 a.m. and finishing at 8:00 p.m., and group B, starting at 4:00 p.m. and ending at 4:00 a.m. Serum cortisol levels and audiological test results were obtained at the beginning and end of the session and 24-h free urinary cortisol levels were measured.Study sampleThirty healthy volunteers.ResultsPTA was 2.68 and 3.33 dB HL in groups A and B, respectively, with no statistical difference between them. ULLs were significantly lower in group A compared to group B, with an average of 8.1 dB SPL in group A and 3.3 dB SPL in group B (p < 0.0001). A SRT shift was observed in group A, with no difference in group B, and a night shift in DPOAE-I/O in group B.ConclusionsReduced loudness tolerance is demonstrated during daytime hearing deprivation in contrast to nighttime; this may be due to increased central gain in the awake cortex.     

Classification of normal and pathological tremors using a multidimensional electromagnetic system

A new multidimensional movement analysis system was used to record limb tremor over six degrees-of-freedom, and signal processing techniques were explored to develop a suitable classification method to distinguish between different types of tremor. The specific aims were to investigate the ability of the system to screen for differences between normal subjects and a group of neurological patients, and then to differentiate between three diagnostic groups of patients.

Postural tremor at the hand was recorded in normal subjects (n=24) and patients with essential tremor (n=21), multiple sclerosis (n=17) and parkinsonism (n=19). Data were collected using a 3Space Fastrak^® (Polhemus, Inc.) over six degrees-of-freedom (three translational directions and three rotations). Spectral estimates produced measures of tremor frequency and amplitude. Mathematical models of the data, using autoregressive modelling and K-nearest neighbour classification, produced parameters used to classify, (1) the normal subjects and 24 patients (using the three rotational movements), and (2) the three patient groups (using all six movement directions). Results were given in terms of the probability of each subject belonging to the groups being classified.

Tremor frequency and amplitude showed large overlap between the groups. The screening classification produced high probabilities of correctly classifying normal subjects (>70%) and patients (>70%). The diagnostic classification produced clear differences between the patient groups (60% for essential tremor, 80% for multiple sclerosis and 60% for parkinsonism).

The ability of this assessment technique to distinguish between postural tremor in normal subjects and neurological patients suggests that it could be developed as a screening tool. Classification of tremors between the patients groups, with a high degree of sensitivity, indicates the potential for further development of the system as a diagnostic aid.     

室间隔缺损合并肺动脉高压术后呼吸系统的管理

先心病室间隔缺损伴肺动脉高压经体外循环术后大多数病人都有不同程度的呼吸系统障碍,因此术后呼吸系统的管理尤显重要,本文作者通过大量的临床实践,详细地总结了矫治手术术前准备、术后监护以及相关的注意事项,值得临床推广。     

风疹病毒JR_(23)株感染BALB/c小鼠脑组织的病理学特征

为研究风疹病毒（ＲＶ）ＪＲ２３株感染中枢神经系统（ＣＮＳ）的特性及病理学特征,ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ 小鼠经腹腔感染ＲＶ ＪＲ２３株,并于感染后的第２１ｄ 取小鼠大脑及小脑组织,ＨＥ及免疫组织化学染色,观察小鼠脑组织ＲＶ 感染状况及病变特征。结果显示,受感染的小鼠无明显的ＣＮＳ症状,病理学特征以大脑灰质小灶性神经元变性坏死为主,病变神经元周围见增生的少突胶质细胞形成卫星现象。在神经元坏死灶中可见小胶质细胞增生,形成噬神经元现象及由小胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞构成的胶质细胞结节。神经元及神经胶质细胞内未见病毒包涵体。免疫组织化学染色显示,ＲＶ 主要分布于大脑灰质,神经元细胞、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞均可受到ＪＲ２３株的感染。提示卫星现象、噬神经元现象和胶质细胞结节形成可作为ＲＶ－ＪＲ２３感染ＣＮＳ的病理学参考指标。免疫组织化学染色对确诊ＣＮＳＲＶ 的感染具有特异性     

界面缩聚法制备聚芳酯复合纳滤膜的研究 Ⅰ.基膜的制备

分别以聚醚砜（ＰＥＳ）,磺化聚砜（ＳＰＳＦ）和ＰＥＳ合金膜为基膜,分析了相容性对膜性能以及不同种类基膜对界面缩聚的影响。用电镜分别观察ＰＥＳ单组分膜和合金膜的断面形貌。结果表明：用小孔径的合金膜为基膜得到的复合膜具有较好的脱盐能力,对Ｎａ２ＳＯ４的脱除率达到９０％。     

长途汽车司机有关艾滋病知识和态度的调查

①目的　调查长途汽车司机有关艾滋病（ Ａ Ｉ Ｄ Ｓ）的知识及对 Ａ Ｉ Ｄ Ｓ的态度,为进一步在该人群中开展艾滋病知识的宣传教育、制订有关预防措施提供依据。②方法　对青岛市 ３ 个长途汽车运输公司以单纯随机抽样方法抽取７４ 名进行调查,调查表采用匿名自填方式。③结果　大多数调查对象对艾滋病的病原体、传播途径、临床表现及潜伏期病人的危险性认识不足,而对艾滋病的有关知识感兴趣,并希望通过各种途径加以了解。④结论　长途汽车司机对有关艾滋病的知识了解较少,应加强对该人群有关艾滋病知识的宣传教育。     

聚合酶链反应检测二甲苯集菌的24小时尿结核分枝杆菌

目的：探讨聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）检测二甲苯集菌的２４小时尿结核分枝杆菌。方法：应用ＰＣＲ检测６６例疑似泌尿系结核患者二甲苯集菌的２４小时尿结核分枝杆菌,并与常规留取尿标本检测结果作比较得阳性２１例（３１．８％）,后者阳性１１例（１６．７％）,二者差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论：ＰＣＲ检测尿结核分枝杆菌时,应多留取尿液送检,并经浓缩集菌后作ＰＣＲ,以提高检出阳性率。     

维持性血液透析对老年人心血管系统的影响

目的：探讨维持性血液透析对老年人心血管系统的影响;方法：对４６例老年维持性血透与５０例非老年维持性血透对患者心血管系统的影响进行了分析比较;结果：维持性血透引起血压、高血压、心律失常、心绞痛、心力衰竭等心血管并发症,老年组显著高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）。因心血管并发症致死者,老年组占６０．０％;结论：维持性血液透析对老年人尤易引起心血管系统并发症,并为其主要死亡原因。故在透析中有效防治心血管并发症     

阻断RAAS不同部位对自发性高血压大鼠的心肌胶原酶mRNA表达的影响

目的　观察阻断肾素 -血管紧张素 -醛固酮系统 (RAAS)不同部位对自发性高血压大鼠 (SHR)心肌中胶原酶表达的影响。方法　对 15只 2 6周龄SHR分别采用苯那普利、Losartan和安体舒通治疗 12周 ,用点杂交方法检测治疗前后大鼠心肌胶原酶mRNA的变化。另取 2 6周龄的SHR(SHR 2 6)和未预任何治疗的 3 8周龄SHR(SHR 3 8)各 5只作为对照。结果　SHR 2 6和SHR 3 8组胶原酶mRNA量与SHR 2 6组大鼠比较差别无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。 3个治疗组中 ,苯那普利SHR组的胶原酶mRNA较未治疗组明显增加 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,其余两治疗组则无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　在阻断RAAS的 3种药物中 ,仅苯那普利增加胶原酶mRNA的表达。     

Paraganglioma of the Cauda Equina Region – Report of two Cases and Review of the Literature

Summary  A paraganglioma of cauda equina region is extremely rare and except for secreting tumour, the pre-operative diagnosis of paraganglioma is very difficult. Two cases of non-functional paragangliomas of the cauda equina region are reported, one was attached to the filum terminale and the other to a rootlet looking very much like a vascular neurinoma. Both were successfully removed by surgery. An extensive review of the literature permits one to find 77 other cases. The clinical, radiological, pathological (ultrastructural and immunohistochemical) features and surgical findings of all theses cases are discussed. Surgery remains the treatment of choice. No effect of radiotherapy on recurrence prevention has ever been demonstrated.