鼻咽癌三维适形放射治疗的进展

三维适形放射治疗对周围正常组织及重要器官的保护优于常规放射治疗,能够有效降低部分放射并发症的发生率及严重程度;其靶区覆盖率优于常规放射治疗,并有提高生存率的趋势。现通过对国内外文献进行归纳分析,介绍三维适形放射治疗的优势、主要应用于鼻咽癌治疗的方法 ,以及存在的一些问题。     

外固定架三维固定治疗桡骨远端骨折

目的 探讨应用外固定架三维固定桡骨远端骨折的疗方法.方法 对桡骨远端骨折采用外固定架三维固定的方法进行治疗.结果 该组病例113例,10例失随访,骨折愈合时间12～20周,按Dienst功能评估评估标准评估:优49例,良54例,优良率为90.3%.结论 外固定架三维固定桡骨远端骨折是创伤小,固定牢固,操作简单,可有效预防关切僵直,皮肤、软组织受压坏死的方法.临床效果良好.     

Scaffold Modeling Application in the Repair of Skull Defects

The repair of large segmental bone defects caused by trauma, inflammation, and surgery on tumors pose a major clinical challenge. Tissue‐engineered bone is emerging as a good choice for prefabricating cellular scaffold, and computer‐aided technologies and medical imaging have created new possibilities in biomedical engineering. An accurate and efficient construction of anatomic models is critical to the application of these computational methods. Such models must be validated prior to application. In this article, we explore the potential of combining these techniques to scaffold and repair a pediatric skull. Working under the hypothesis that the autogenously cultivated osteoblasts can be grown on individualized scaffolds to improve bone regeneration in skull defects, we focus our study on potential problems concerning the segmentation, reconstruction, and mesh simplification for a pediatric skull. We also propose a new framework to improve the accuracy of the model entity from image segmentation to mesh simplification.     

高频超声及三维血管能量成像在早期类风湿关节炎手部关节病变诊断中的应用

目的探讨高频超声（HFUS）及三维血管能量成像（3D-CPA）在诊断早期类风湿性关节炎（RA）手部关节病变中的应用。方法对临床诊断为RA的30例患者双手掌指关节和近端指间关节共600处关节进行HFUS及3D-CPA检查,测量滑膜厚度和关节腔积液,检测有无肌腱病变和骨质破坏,观察血流特点,并与20名健康志愿者双侧相应关节扫查结果对比。结果 30例RA患者手部关节中,HFUS显示关节积液458处,总检出率76.33%;滑膜增厚429处,总检出率71.50%;肌腱腱鞘炎275处,总检出率45.83%;骨质侵蚀134处,总检出率22.33%。3D-CPA显示滑膜过度形成（血管翳）86处,总检出率14.33%。结论 HFUS能显示RA患者手部关节病变的各种表现,可为临床诊断提供依据。3D-CPA立体显示血管翳形成,可辅助诊断RA活动期及评价疗效。     

Three Dimensional CT Reconstruction for the Evaluation and Surgical Planning of Mid Face Fractures: A 100 Case Study

Background  

3D CT reconstruction is increasingly becoming a valuable tool in maxillofacial trauma. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of three dimensional computed tomography as compare to conventional radiography in diagnosis and management of mid face fractures.     

三维适形放疗同步TP方案化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌

目的研究三维适形放射治疗联合多西他赛同期化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效和毒副作用。方法63例局部晚期非小细胞肺癌患者随机分成单放组和同期组。单放组30例采用序贯2周期’rP方案化疗及三维适形放射治疗,总剂量66—70Gy／33—35次,6—7周完成。同期组33例采用三维适形放射治疗同期化疗（多西他赛＋顺铂）。结果两组患者的总有效率分别为56．7％和81．8％,其中完全缓解率分别为6．7％和27．3％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组1、2年生存率分别63．5％、79．4％和40．0％、54．5％（P〉0．05）。单放组患者中位生存期为11．4个月,同期组患者中位生存期为18．9个月。两组患者早期放射反应主要为Ⅰ-Ⅱ级放射性食道炎和骨髓抑制,后期放射反应主要为Ⅰ-Ⅱ级放射性肺炎。结论三维适形放射治疗同期TP方案化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌,与序贯放化疗相比,可提高局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效,生存期也有提高的趋势,但毒副反应有增加趋势。     

Rotating three‐dimensional dynamic culture of adult human bone marrow‐derived cells for tissue engineering of hyaline cartilage

The method of constructing cartilage tissue from bone marrow‐derived cells in vitro is considered a valuable technique for hyaline cartilage regenerative medicine. Using a rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor developed in a NASA space experiment, we attempted to efficiently construct hyaline cartilage tissue from human bone marrow‐derived cells without using a scaffold. Bone marrow aspirates were obtained from the iliac crest of nine patients during orthopedic operation. After their proliferation in monolayer culture, the adherent cells were cultured in the RWV bioreactor with chondrogenic medium for 2 weeks. Cells from the same source were cultured in pellet culture as controls. Histological and immunohistological evaluations (collagen type I and II) and quantification of glycosaminoglycan were performed on formed tissues and compared. The engineered constructs obtained using the RWV bioreactor showed strong features of hyaline cartilage in terms of their morphology as determined by histological and immunohistological evaluations. The glycosaminoglycan contents per µg DNA of the tissues were 10.01 ± 3.49 µg/µg DNA in the case of the RWV bioreactor and 6.27 ± 3.41 µg/µg DNA in the case of the pellet culture, and their difference was significant. The RWV bioreactor could provide an excellent environment for three‐dimensional cartilage tissue architecture that can promote the chondrogenic differentiation of adult human bone marrow‐derived cells. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 517–521, 2009     

创伤性寰枢关节旋转脱位的诊断与外科治疗(附32例报告)

目的 探讨创伤性寰枢关节旋转脱位的诊断与外科治疗.方法 自1997年1月～2008年12月收治创伤性寰枢关节旋转脱位32例,其中15例入院前被漏诊或误治.18例采取非手术治疗;14例接受手术治疗:手术包括Summit枕颈融合术内固定2例,Cervifax枕颈融合术内固定1例,Maged寰枢椎融合术2例,C1、2侧块关节螺钉固定结合Apofix椎板夹固定4例,C1侧块、C2椎弓根钉棒固定系统内固定5例.结果 27例(14例手术和13例非手术治疗)获得随访,平均4.5年.斜颈、疼痛症状消失15例,明显缓解7例,部分缓解4例,无变化1例.14例合并神经系统损伤,经治疗后神经症状均有明显好转.手术治疗的14例均获得骨性愈合.结论 外伤病人如诉头颈或枕部疼痛伴头颈偏斜,要考虑寰枢关节旋转脱位的可能,并常规行上位颈椎CT薄层扫描,必要时CT三维重建.对于寰枢关节陈旧性旋转脱位或合并寰椎横韧带断裂、寰椎爆裂骨折等难复性骨折脱位,应及时进行手术治疗.     

Consensus judgments of discharge readiness based on paranoid behavior: to what are clinical staff responding?

Background Salinas et al. (J Consult Clin Psychol 4:1029–1039, 2002) found that, contrary to widely held beliefs, paranoid behavior was a positive prognostic indicator for psychiatric inpatients only due to artifactual restrictions on overall level of functioning that result from traditional classification procedures. Paranoid functioning, in fact, negatively impacted consensus staff discharge-readiness judgments. This discrepancy between clinical lore and empirical findings raises a question about the aspects of paranoid functioning to which staff responds. Method Those aspects of paranoid functioning are examined in this study, using the same sample of 469 inpatients from 19 treatment units reported in the Salinas et al. investigation. Results Both dimensionally measured paranoid functioning and overall level of disability were independently associated with negative discharge-readiness decisions. However, rather than delusions or hallucinations, hostility entirely accounted for the contribution of paranoid functioning to these prognostic judgments. Conclusion We discuss implications of an alternative approach to classifying patients’ problem behavior for clinical research and practice.     

The latent structure of obsessive-compulsive symptoms: a taxometric study

There is increasing consensus that obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms are heterogeneous clinical phenomena that should be assessed, diagnosed, and treated from a multidimensional perspective. However, it remains unclear whether the heterogeneous OC symptoms represent discrete taxonomic entities. In this study, the categorical versus dimensional nature of OC symptoms and associated cognitions was examined in a large undiagnosed sample using taxometric methods. Six potential OC symptoms (washing, checking, obsessing, neutralizing, ordering, and hoarding) and three potential OC-related cognitions (responsibility/threat estimation, perfectionism/certainty, and importance of thoughts/control of thoughts) were examined using the MAXimum EIGenvalue and mean above minus below a cut procedures. Findings were largely consistent with dimensional models of the latent structure of all OC symptoms and cognitions with the exception of hoarding. The implications of these findings for the clinical assessment and diagnosis of OC symptoms and obsessive-compulsive disorder are discussed.