Mixed Reality Combined with Three‐Dimensional Printing Technology in Total Hip Arthroplasty: An Updated Review with a Preliminary Case Presentation

Three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology, virtual reality, and augmented reality technology have been used to help surgeons to complete complex total hip arthroplasty, while their respective shortcomings limit their further application. With the development of technology, mixed reality (MR) technology has been applied to improve the success rate of complicated hip arthroplasty because of its unique advantages. We presented a case of a 59‐year‐old man with an intertrochanteric fracture in the left femur, who had received a prior left hip fusion. After admission to our hospital, a left total hip arthroplasty was performed on the patient using a combination of MR technology and 3D printing technology. Before surgery, 3D reconstruction of a certain bony landmark exposed in the surgical area was first performed. Then a veneer part was designed according to the bony landmark and connected to a reference registration landmark outside the body through a connecting rod. After that, the series of parts were made into a holistic reference registration instrument using 3D printing technology, and the patient's data for bone and surrounding tissue, along with digital 3D information of the reference registration instrument, were imported into the head‐mounted display (HMD). During the operation, the disinfected reference registration instrument was installed on the selected bony landmark, and then the automatic real‐time registration was realized by HMD through recognizing the registration landmark on the reference registration instrument, whereby the patient's virtual bone and other anatomical structures were quickly and accurately superimposed on the real body of the patient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to use MR combined with 3D printing technology in total hip arthroplasty.     

Application of polycaprolactone,chitosan, and collagen composite as a nanofibrous mat loaded with silver sulfadiazine and growth factors for wound dressing

Fabrication of nanofibrous biomaterials composed of natural and synthetic materials that incorporated with antibiotic and growth factors with controlled release manner is an attractive topic in wound healing. The purpose of this study was to prepare optimal composite of materials as biomimetic nanofibrous mats for application in wound healing. The mat was prepared of polycaprolactone (PCL) in the bottom, chitosan/poly ethylene oxide (Cs/PEO) in the middle, and PCL/collagen (PCL/Coll) in the top layer. A panel of standard characterization tests of nanofibrous mat was performed and its compatibilities in strength and integration were confirmed. Middle layer was loaded with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and silver sulfadiazine (SSD) was incorporated in the bottom layer as an anti‐infection factor. Then, on the dorsum of rats, a 400‐mm² wound was created and surrounded by a silicone ring to control the usual tissue contractions. Nanofibrous mats with or without growth factors were applied as wound dressings and at day 14, the healing process was evaluated. At day 14, the treated group by designed mat showed faster epithelialization and angiogenesis. Silicone ring in the test group was desirable in wound closure compared to the control group. Reformation of skin tissue was manifested in a shorter time. This composite nanofibrous mat could be introduced as a dynamic and effective candidate for wound dressing.     

应用双向电泳技术初步建立人精子头部蛋白质图谱

目的 :利用人类精子蛋白质组分析的双向蛋白电泳 (2 DE)技术建立正常人精子头部蛋白质图谱。　方法 :先用固相pH梯度 SDS电泳技术 (IPG DALT)对全精子和精子头部蛋白质抽提物进行蛋白质分离 ,然后用图像分析软件比较精子头部蛋白质图像与精子蛋白质图像的蛋白质斑点组成差异。其中 ,全精子蛋白质的抽提比较了硫脲 /尿素 /盐酸胍和Kit/盐酸胍两种抽提方法。　结果 :硫脲 /尿素 /盐酸胍法与Kit/盐酸胍法所得的全精子 2 DE图像蛋白质斑点分别为 80 2个和 797个 ,其中相同的有 4 92个 ,将两种方法获得的图像整合而得到的全精子蛋白质图像有1 1 0 7个蛋白质斑点 ;精子头部图像蛋白质斑点有 4 2 8个 ,经匹配 ,全部来源于全精子蛋白质图像。　结论 :综合采用两种蛋白质提取方法初步建立了精子头部蛋白质图谱。     

螺旋CT三维成像诊断胃部疾病的临床价值

目的 :探讨螺旋CT三维成像诊断胃部病变的应用价值及检查方法。材料和方法 :3 5例患者进行不同含气量胃螺旋CT扫描及工作站后处理 ,获得CT仿真内窥镜 (CTVE)、表面覆盖成像 (SSD )、透明成像 (Raysum )三种图像 ,逐一与胃镜 /手术证实。结果 :CTVE、SSD对病灶的检出率相同 ,均为 86% (3 0 /3 5 ) ,Raysum的病灶检出率为 66% (2 3 /3 5 ) ,前两者与后者之间的差异有显著性意义。对≥ 0 4cm的隆起病灶 ,三种方法的检出率均为 10 0 %。不同含气量对不同部位的胃壁显示不同 ,大气量比小气量显示好。结论 :螺旋CT三维成像是一种无创、易被患者接受的方法。在对病灶的解剖定位、肿瘤的TNM分型方面是胃镜较好的补充手段 ,以SSD为优     

三维影像配合手术导板在口腔种植中的美学应用

目的:探讨三维放射影像配合3D手术导板于人工种植的临床美学研究及其应用特点。方法:随机选择10例患者,术前三维影像学予以检查并设计方案,在3D手术导权引导下行不翻瓣口腔牙种植术,术后再以三维放射影像与原软件手术计划比较,以测量其角度的误差。结果:和传统植牙方法相比,术前三维影像学检查设计,并辅以3D手术导板引导植牙术后植体角度误差<1～3°,术后行12个月跟踪调查,未见种植体有松动和脱落,X线片显示未发现种植体周围有阴影存在,种植后修复效果良好,美观效果佳。结论:三维影像医学检查设计辅以3D手术导板引导牙种植术手术简便,易于美观且效果好,手术创伤小,患者不适感相对小,值得临床借鉴和参考。     

Immunochemical comparison between worm extracts of Onchocerca volvulus from savanna and rain forest

Summary Crude phospate-buffered extracts of adult Onchocerca volvulus from savanna (Mali) and rain forest (Cameroon) areas were comparatively analysed using biochemical and immunological methods. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and isoelectric focusing revealed only minor differences between the two extracts. Out of 42 bands detectable by SDS-PAGE at least 21 were identified as glycoproteins by their affinity to concanavalin A. High resolution analysis using two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-G) showed marked differences in the polypeptide patterns of the two extracts. Some of the over 100 polypeptides demonstrable by Coomassie blue staining (especially at pIs between 4·3 and 5·6 and mol. wts over 64kD) were clearly different when the two extracts were compared. Antigenic differences between the two extracts could be detected by crossed immunoelectrophoresis using a rabbit anti- O. volvulus hyperimmune serum. The comparison by tandem crossed immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated clearly the existence of at least three antigenic differences, four partial identities and 13 antigenic identities between the extracts. For the identification of O. volvulus antigens serologically recognized by infected patients, we combined the 2D-G with an immunoblotting technique using a pool of highly reactive onchocerciasis sera from Mali. IgG binding antigens were then identified by incubating the blot membrane with this serum pool and with ¹²⁵I-labelled protein A followed by autoradiography. IgE binding antigens were detected using a ¹²⁵I-labelled anti-human IgE antiserum. Whilst the overall antigenic patterns were similar, there were, however, clear differences between the antigen preparations which gives further evidence for antigenic diversity of O. volvulus from savanna and rain forest areas.     

颧骨“L”形截骨降低术的三维有限元模型的建立与分析

目的:建立关于颧骨"L"形截骨降低术的三维有限元模型,探讨该术式在生物力学方面的特点。方法:采集高颧骨畸形患者术前头颅螺旋CT,将数据导入相应医学图像处理软件,对颧骨复合体及手术相关区域进行分体三维重建、手术模拟,应用有限元软件对模型进行网格划分,通过CT扫描灰度值的转换,对各部分材质的弹性模量、泊松比参数进行赋值,再模拟术中对颧骨、颧弓的施力,分析颧骨复合体生物力学情况。结果:建立了颧骨"L"形截骨降低术的三维有限元模型,其几何相似性、力学相似性高。运用三维有限元法生物力学分析,术中按压颧骨复合体,颧弓根部出现一个明显的应力集中,颧骨颧弓产生向内侧的形变。结论:在颧骨"L"形截骨降低术术中按压颧骨复合体,是能够在颧弓根部造成预期的青枝骨折,使颧骨产生内收、降低的形变。     

Three‐dimensional parametric modeling of bicuspid aortopathy and comparison with computational flow predictions

Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV)‐associated ascending aneurysmal aortopathy (namely “bicuspid aortopathy”) is a heterogeneous disease making surgeon predictions particularly challenging. Computational flow analysis can be used to evaluate the BAV‐related hemodynamic disturbances, which likely lead to aneurysm enlargement and progression. However, the anatomic reconstruction process is time consuming so that predicting hemodynamic and structural evolution by computational modeling is unfeasible in routine clinical practice. The aim of the study was to design and develop a parametric program for three‐dimensional (3D) representations of aneurysmal aorta and different BAV phenotypes starting from several measures derived by computed‐tomography angiography (CTA). Assuming that wall shear stress (WSS) has an important implication on bicuspid aortopathy, computational flow analyses were then performed to estimate how different would such an important parameter be, if a parametric aortic geometry was used as compared to standard geometric reconstructions obtained by CTA scans. Morphologic parameters here documented can be used to rapidly model the aorta and any phenotypes of BAV. t‐test and Bland–Altman plot demonstrated that WSS obtained by flow analysis of parametric aortic geometries was in good agreement with that obtained from the flow analysis of CTA‐related geometries. The proposed program offers a rapid and automated tool for 3D anatomic representations of bicuspid aortopathy with promising application in routine clinical practice by reducing the amount of time for anatomic reconstructions.     

经胸乳入路3D腔镜甲状腺次全切除术在基层医院的应用

目的探讨运用3D腔镜系统进行经胸乳入路甲状腺次全切除术在基层医院的安全性、有效性及可行性。方法分析在2013年9月~2016年4月南方医科大学第五附属医院普通外科行甲状腺手术患者的临床资料,患者分别行开放手术、2D腔镜下手术、3D腔镜下手术,各组20例,以及同期在合作三甲医院(珠江医院)行相同手术患者的临床资料,各组30例,比较各组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后住院时间、并发症、总住院费用、医院间数据差异。结果二级医院3D组手术时间为69.21±11.60 min,2D组为56.22±6.57 min,开放组为40.93±10.60 min,组间存在统计学差异(F=41.64,P0.05);在二级医院住院费用为9733±1410元),三级医院住院费用为11511±1749,医院间费用比较存在统计学差异(t=-3.41,P0.05);术中出血量、术后引流量及术后住院时间无明显差异(P0.05)。结论腔镜技术被运用于基层医院开展经乳晕甲状腺次全切除术是经济及可行的,可做为甲状腺次全切除术的常规手术方法,需根据年手术总量配备2D或3D系统。     

3D打印导航模板在辅助寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉置入中的应用价值

目的:探讨三维(3D)打印导航模板辅助寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉置钉的价值。方法:回顾性分析2013年1月~2015年10月我院收治的43例寰枢椎骨折和/或脱位患者,均行后路寰枢椎切开复位内固定术。按手术方式不同分为3D打印导航模板组(19例)和传统置钉组(24例)。3D打印导航模板组术前将患者的颈椎CT数据导入Mimics 17.0软件,行3D重建并设计带钉道的导航模板后打印、消毒;术中将导航模板与置钉椎体贴合紧密后,通过定位孔钻孔、置钉。传统置钉组在C型臂X线机透视下徒手置钉。统计并对比两种置钉方法的准确率,通过测量并比较术前预设钉道角度与术后实际钉道角度差异评估进针角度的精确性。比较两组的置钉时间、手术时间、透视次数、术中出血量及患者颈肩部疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)和日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)颈椎神经功能评分的差异情况。结果:两组患者在性别、年龄、临床诊断、病变节段、合并症及术前是否牵引复位方面均无统计学差异(P0.05)。19例3D打印导航模板辅助置入椎弓根螺钉68枚,置钉准确率94.1%,置钉时间2.2±0.4min/枚,透视次数4.6±1.1次,手术时间197±41min,术中出血量395±64ml;传统徒手置钉组置入椎弓根螺钉76枚,置钉准确率76.3%,置钉时间3.4±0.7min/枚,透视次数9.4±2.7次,手术时间245±67min,术中出血量552±79ml。两组置钉准确率、置钉时间、透视次数、手术时间及术中出血量均有统计学差异(P0.05)。3D打印导航模板组的内倾角及头倾角与预设值无统计学差异0.05),置钉角度的精确性明显优于徒手置钉组(P0.05)。术后3d、6个月及12个月患者颈肩部VAS及颈椎JOA评分较术前明显好转(P0.05),而术后6个月及12个月两组间颈肩部VAS及颈椎JOA评分无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:3D打印导航模板辅助寰枢椎椎弓根置钉可提高置钉准确率,同时还可缩短置钉时间、手术时间,减少透视次数和术中出血量。