某部新兵集训期应激水平和情绪体验与注意偏向特点的关系

目的 探索新兵集训期应激水平和情绪体验与注意偏向特点的关系.方法 采用正/负性认知偏向量表(attention to positive and negative information scale,APNIS)、正负性情绪量表(positive and negative affect scale,PANAS)和军人心理应激自评问卷(psychological stress self-evaluation test,PSET)对某部集训新兵l 600人进行调查.结果 ①新兵的应激水平总分为(50.01±10.00)分,其中应激水平低于50分者818人(51.12％);轻度应激(50 ～ 60分)者584人(36.5％);中度应激(61 ～ 69分)者134人(8.38％);重度应激(≥70分)者64人(4％).②新兵应激水平和消极情感得分与负性认知偏向呈显著正相关(r为0.30～0.34,P＜0.05);应激水平和积极情感因子分与正性认知偏向呈显著负相关(r=-0.33,-0.32,P＜0.05);③不同应激水平的新兵注意偏向特点具有统计学差异(P＜0.05),应激水平越高的新兵正性认知偏向得分越低、负性认知偏向得分越高.④不同文化程度水平的新兵的应激水平和正性认知偏向也具有统计学差异(P＜0.01)表现为文化水平越高的新兵应激水平越低,越倾向于正性认知偏向.⑤负性认知偏向、正性认知偏向、积极情感和消极情感可以有效预测应激水平,解释率为37.4％.结论 新兵在集训期间的应激水平和情感体验与注意偏向特点关系密切.正性认知偏向个体的应激水平普遍低于负性认知偏向的个体,并且也具有较多的积极情绪.     

Magnetic resonance imaging of the normal pituitary gland using ultrashort TE (UTE) pulse sequences (REV 1.0)

Introduction The purpose of this study was to examine the normal pituitary gland in male subjects with ultrashort echo time (TE) pulse sequences, describe its appearance and measure its signal intensity before and after contrast enhancement. Methods Eleven male volunteers (mean age 57.1 years; range 36–81 years) were examined with a fat-suppressed ultrashort TE (= 0.08 ms) pulse sequence. The studies were repeated after the administration of intravenous gadodiamide. The MR scans were examined for gland morphology and signal intensity before and after enhancement. Endocrinological evaluation included baseline pituitary function tests and a glucagon stimulatory test to assess pituitary cortisol and growth hormone reserve. Results High signal intensity was observed in the anterior pituitary relative to the brain in nine of the 11 subjects. These regions involved the whole of the anterior pituitary in three subjects, were localised to one side in two examples and were seen inferiorly in three subjects. Signal intensities relative to the brain increased with age, with a peak around the sixth or seventh decade and decreasing thereafter. Overall, the pituitary function tests were considered to be within normal limits and did not correlate with pituitary gland signal intensity. Conclusion The anterior pituitary shows increased signal intensity in normal subjects when examined with T₁-weighted ultrashort TE pulse sequences. The cause of this increased intensity is unknown, but fibrosis and iron deposition are possible candidates. The variation in signal intensity with age followed the temporal pattern of iron content observed at post mortem. No relationship with endocrine status was observed.     

深圳市南山区流感流行特征分析

目的 分析深圳市南山区2015—2017年流感病例的流行病学特征及一般人群血清抗体水平,初步预测流行趋势,为流感防控提供有效依据。方法 收集2015—2017年哨点医院以及暴发疫情的流感样病例（ILI）的鼻咽拭子标本, 采用实时荧光定量 PCR技术对采集的鼻咽拭子标本进行病毒鉴定;采用微量半致敏血凝抑制方法（HI）对一般人群血清抗体进行检测。结果 2015—2017年深圳市南山区哨点医院共采集ILI 鼻咽拭子样本784份,检出阳性标本208份（26.53%）;共报告ILI暴发疫情175起,累计报告病例数367例。哨点医院和流感暴发疫情的ILI检测结果在时间分布上基本一致。一般人群血清学检测结果显示一年中某亚型的流感病毒活动性越强,人群针对该亚型流感病毒的抗体阳性率及GMT值随之升高。结论 南山区流感流行特征有一定规律,每年1—7月份为季节性流感的发病高峰期。一般人群抗体水平随着ILI流行特征的变化而发生变化。ILI流性特征与流感病毒活动趋势基本一致。     

移情护理对冠心病患者希望水平及生存质量的影响

目的：冠心病患者护理中应用移情护理,观察与分析其对患者希望水平和生存质量的影响。方法将70例冠心病患者按照抽签方式分组为对照组与观察组,各35例。对照组实施常规护理;观察组于对照组护理基础上采用移情护理。统计与比较二组患者护理前、后生存质量和希望水平及负面情绪变化情况。结果护理后,观察组 SAS、SDS评分分别为（27．58±7．69）分、（30．14±8．52）分;对照组分别为（37．97±8．27）分、（38．97±10．25）分;二组较护理前比较（ P＜0．05）;而观察组优于对照组（ P＜0．05）。二组患者护理后希望水平总分及各维度评分均明显高于护理前（P＜0．05）;二组患者生存质量评分均明显改善,但观察组优于对照组（P＜0．05）。结论临床冠心病护理中应用移情护理可有效改善患者负面情绪和希望水平,提高患者生存质量。     

面向B超图像分割的动态权重因子水平集方法

目的研究和改进水平集方法,实现B超图像中病灶区域的准确快速分割。方法分析已有水平集方法在B超图像处理中
的局限,基于区域水平集的优点,将信息论中的熵引入图像处理,定义动态权重因子,准确反映局部灰度阶梯变化状况,定量度
量轮廓线像素点分别受到趋向目标、背景区域的两种作用力的动态权重,将其融合到区域水平集中,迭代引导曲线形变和位
移。由于B超图像病灶分割属于指定区域的局部分割,所以将计算约束到局部范围,从而明显降低运算代价。结果动态权重
因子水平集方法能够较好分割B超图像中的病灶区域,与几种主流水平集方法相比,本文方法精度更高,时间复杂度更小。结
论动态权重因子方法能够更合理准确地判断病灶边界像素点,局部计算策略有效地提高了分割效率。
     

陈宪海教授分层次辨治外感肺病经验

陈宪海教授根据外感病的临床传变特点,结合外感肺病的病机以及病情演变规律,联系整体观念以及脏腑相关理论,认为外感肺病在临床辨证治疗中应注重层次性,即外围层次、本脏层次、子母层次。在不同层次给予不同治疗,在表者宜解表驱邪,方以参苏饮加减;在肺者清肃肺气,方以三拗汤加减;及脾者宜健脾化痰,方以四君子汤加减。各层次治疗重点不同,选方用药精良,临床随症灵活加减,恢复肺之宣降功能,临床疗效较好。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并外周骨骼肌功能障碍患者炎性因子和代谢水平及线粒体功能的变化

目的观察慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并外周骨骼肌功能障碍(PSMD)患者炎性因子白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-8和IL-10水平、代谢指标及线粒体功能的变化。方法选择2012年7月至2013年7月在泸州市人民医院接受治疗的COPD患者86例作为研究对象,根据是否合并PSMD分为COPD合并PSMD组43例和COPD组43例,另选择健康人43例作为对照组,检测并对比各组受试者炎症细胞因子水平、代谢指标水平及线粒体功能。结果COPD合并PSMD组和COPD组患者血清IL-6、IL-8水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但IL-10水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05);COPD合并PSMD组患者血清IL-6、IL-8水平显著高于COPD组(P<0.05),但IL-10水平显著低于COPD组(P<0.05)。COPD合并PSMD组和COPD组患者空腹胰岛素(FINS)、瘦素(LP)水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05);COPD合并PSMD组患者FINS、LP水平显著高于COPD组(P<0.05),而IGF-1水平低于COPD组(P<0.05)。COPD合并PSMD组和COPD组患者线粒体Ⅲ态呼吸速率(ST3)、Ⅳ态呼吸速率(ST4)、呼吸控制率(RCR)、线粒体DNA(mt DNA)表达水平均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),COPD合并PSMD组患者ST3、ST4、RCR及mt DNA表达水平均显著低于COPD组(P<0.05)。线粒体功能与mt DNA表达水平呈正相关(r=0.825,P<0.05)。结论 COPD患者合并PSMD与机体的炎症作用及代谢异常有紧密联系,PSMD的发生机制与线粒体的功能有一定关系。     

多间隙腰椎间盘突出症漏诊误诊原因分析及对策

目的：分析多间隙腰椎间盘突出症的漏诊、误诊原因及预防对策,提高诊断水平。方法：回顾性分析83例多间隙腰椎间盘突出症患者的病史及理学检查,影像学资料及再手术原因,总结并分析多间隙腰椎间盘突出症常见的漏诊,误诊原因,结果：多间隙腰椎间盘突出症以下腰椎相邻双间隙多见,因病史及理学检查漏误诊43全,漏误诊率52％（43／83）,因脊髓造影检查漏误诊5例,漏误诊率14％（5／35）,CT检查漏误诊15例,漏误诊率25％（15／60）,MRI检查漏诊0例,其中再手术者7例。结论：提高对本病的认识,详细的病史及理学检查,足够的影像学检查,合理的检查手段,正确的资料分析是提高多间隙腰椎间盘突出症诊断水平的关键。     

810nm弱激光对M1型骨髓源性巨噬细胞的作用及其机制

目的 :体外建立M1型骨髓源性巨噬细胞(bone marrow derived macrophage,BMDM)-弱激光照射模型,探讨弱激光照射对M1型BMDM炎症因子分泌的影响及其可能机制。方法:体外分离BALB/c小鼠BMDM,应用巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(macrophage colony-stimulating factor,M-CSF)条件性培养基培养,流式细胞术检测巨噬细胞标志物F4/80的表达,确定所获得细胞为纯度较高的BMDM。应用脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)刺激24h诱导原代BMDM向M1型BMDM方向极化。将细胞随机分为弱激光治疗(low level laser therapy,LLLT)组和对照组,LLLT组采用810nm波长激光照射,光斑面积4.5cm2,照射功率密度2m W/cm2,照射持续440s,最终获得照射能量为4J,对照组置于暗箱,不进行照射。应用CCK8实验测定细胞活性,RT-PCR检测肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(interlukin-1β,IL-1β)及诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthases,i NOS)的m RNA表达情况,ELISA检测TNF-α及IL-1β蛋白分泌,Western blot测定i NOS和M1型巨噬细胞极化的重要转录因子核因子-κB p65(nuclear factor-kappa B,NF-κB p65)的表达。组间比较采用独立样本t检验,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:LPS刺激后,使用弱激光照射的M1型BMDM细胞活性显著提高,升高至对照组的2.313±0.630倍(P0.05)。LLLT组IL-1βm RNA表达为0.586±0.145,对照组为1.000±0.022,两组比较有统计学差异(P0.05);LLLT组TNF-α的m RNA表达为0.862±0.152,对照组为1.000±0.082,两组比较无统计学差异(P=0.082);LLLT组i NOS的m RNA表达为0.720±0.039,对照组为1.000±0.024,两组比较有统计学差异(P0.05)。对照组TNF-α为270.478±26.831pg/ml,LLLT组为209.365±5.600pg/ml,两组比较有统计学差异(P0.05);对照组的IL-1β为98.941±12.430pg/ml,LLLT组为77.076±2.023pg/ml,两组比较有统计学差异(P0.05)。对照组的i NOS蛋白表达为1.005±0.075,LLLT组为0.210±0.010,两组比较有统计学差异(P0.05);对照组NF-κB p65蛋白表达为1.006±0.260,LLLT组为0.428±0.169,两组比较有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:810nm LLLT M1型BMDM可抑制其炎性因子IL-1β及i NOS的m RNA表达,下调炎性因子IL-1β及TNF-α的分泌,降低M1型BMDM表面标志物i NOS的表达,同时显著下调M1型巨噬细胞经典极化转录因子NF-κB p65的表达。810nm LLLT可调控M1型巨噬细胞的极化状态,抑制其炎性因子分泌,该调控作用和其下调M1型巨噬细胞经典极化转录因子NF-κB p65有明显相关性。     

Herd‐level prevalence and incidence of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) in swine herds in Ontario,Canada

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV ) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDC oV) were first identified in Canada in 2014. Surveillance efforts have been instrumental in controlling both diseases. In this study, we provide an overview of surveillance components for the two diseases in Ontario (Canada), as well as PEDV and PDC oV incidence and prevalence measures. Swine herds located in the Province of Ontario, of any type, whose owners agreed to participate in a voluntary industry‐led disease control programme (DCP ) and with associated diagnostic or epidemiological information about the two swine coronaviruses, were eligible to be included for calculation of disease frequency at the provincial level. PEDV and PDC oV data stored in the industry DCP database were imported into the R statistical software and analysed to produce weekly frequency of incidence counts and prevalence counts, in addition to yearly herd‐level incidence risk and prevalence between 2014 and 2016. The yearly herd‐level incidence risk of PEDV , based on industry data, was 13.5%, 3.0% and 1.4% (95% CI : 11.1–16.2, 2.0–4.2, 0.8–2.3), while the yearly herd‐level incidence risk of PDC oV was 1.1%, 0.3%, and 0.1% (95% CI : 0.5–2.2, 0.1–0.9, 0.0–0.5), for 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively. Herd‐level prevalence estimates for PEDV in the last week of 2014, 2015 and 2016 were 4.4%, 2.3% and 1.4%, respectively (95% CI : 3.1–6.0, 1.5–3.3, 0.8–2.2), while herd‐level prevalence estimates for PDC oV in the last week of 2014, 2015 and 2016 were 0.5%, 0.2% and 0.2%, respectively (95% CI : 0.1–1.2, 0.0–0.6, 0.0–0.6). Collectively, our results point to low and decreasing incidence risk and prevalence for PEDV and PDC oV in Ontario, making both diseases possible candidates for disease elimination at the provincial level.