The Hampshire Depression Project: development and piloting of clinical practice guidelines and education about depression in primary health care

This paper describes the development and piloting of a comprehensive educational programme about recognition and management of depressive illness in primary care. Full evaluation of the effectiveness of the programme is currently underway in a randomized controlled trial, the Hampshire Depression Project (HDP), involving 56 general practices. The programme consists of clinical practice guidelines, practice-based seminars and follow-up sessions. Each part of the programme has been designed to be flexible, clinically oriented and relevant to all members of the multidisciplinary primary care team. The pilot study established the need for a systematic approach to the access of practices and practice teams, and the organization and process of the seminars. Application of this approach was associated with excellent attendance in the main programme.     

Early Stroke Recognition: Developing an Out-of-hospital NIH Stroke Scale

Objective : To develop an abbreviated and practical neurologic scale that could assist emergency medical services or triage personnel in identifying patients with stroke.
Methods : A prospective, observational, cohort study was performed at university-based EDs. Participants were 74 patients treated in a thrombolytic stroke trial and 225 consecutive non-stroke patients evaluated during 4 random 12-hour shifts in the ED. Scores on the NIH Stroke Scale were obtained for all patients by physicians. Items of this scale were modified and recoded to a binomial (normal or abnormal) scale. Serial univariate analyses using χ² were performed to rank items. Recursive partitioning was then performed to develop the decision rule for predicting the presence of stroke.
Results : Three items identified 100% of patients with stroke: facial palsy, motor arm, and dysarthria. An Abbreviated NIH Stroke Scale based on these items had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 92%. A proposed Out-of-hospital NIH Stroke Scale consisting of facial palsy, motor arm, and a combination of dysarthria and best language items (abnormal speech) had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 88%.
Conclusion : Using the derivation data set, a proposed Out-of-hospital NIH Stroke Scale had a high sensitivity and specificity for identifying patients with stroke when performed by physicians in this group of 299 ED patients. Prospective studies of other health care professionals using the scale in the out-of-hospital arena are needed.     

羊水细胞培养宫内诊断的应用(附120例分析)

报告120例羊膜腔穿刺羊水细胞培养结果:在成功的99例中,发现二例染色体异常,核型为47,xy,+18和46,xx/47,xx,+F,在21例失败中出现一例眼球畸形。培养成功率为82.5%;染色体异常检出率为2.02%。无一例因羊膜腔穿刺而导致流产,但出现一例轻度羊水栓塞合并症。并对羊水细胞培养在产前宫内诊断中应用价值及术后并发症进行了讨论。     

病毒性肝炎60例临床与病理分析

对６０例病毒性肝炎患者进行肝穿刺活检，结果发现，临床与病理诊断的符合率为４６．６％，其中，急性肝炎的诊断符合率最低（２３．８％），慢性迁延型肝炎（慢迁肝）为４４．８％；ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性首次发病的患者中，急性乙型肝炎仅为１１．２％（２／１８）；临床诊断的慢性活动型肝炎（慢活肝）仅为病理检出的２５．７％（９／３５）；肝炎患者中脾肿大，凝血酶元时间延长、Ａ／Ｇ值＜１．２、抗ＨＢｃＩｇＭ阳性可作为慢活肝与慢迁肝鉴别的重要指标。这些对提高病毒性肝炎临床分型诊断的准确率及指导临床治疗有意义。     

A Study on Using Improved Methenamine-silver Stain to Diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii

ＡＳｔｕｄｙｏｎＵｓｉｎｇＩｍｐｒｏｖｅｄＭｅｔｈｅｎａｍｉｎｅ－ｓｉｌｖｅｒＳｔａｉｎｔｏＤｉａｇｎｏｓｉｓｏｆＰｎｅｕｍｏｃｙｓｔｉｓｃａｒｉｎｉｉＣｈｅｎＸｉｗｅｉ（陈锡慰）（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＰａｒａｓｉｔｏｌｏｇｙ，ＮａｎｊｉｎｇＭｅ...     

28例青年人胃癌的临床及病理分析

对２８例青年人胃癌的临床及病理分析结果表明，其发病具有症状隐匿、病程短、进展快的特点，本组病例从出现症状到漏诊在６个月内为５７．１％（１６例），首发症状以上腹部疼痛、吐血、黑便多见，病理特征以结节蕈伞型、高分化腺癌多见。     

异位妊娠诊断治疗进展

异位妊娠是是妇产科常见的急腹症之一，随着高敏感度的血β-HCG测定、阴道超声及腹腔镜临床应用，使异位妊娠得以早期诊断。以往异位妊娠的治疗原则以手术治疗为主．异位妊娠的早期诊断使药物治疗和保守性手术治疗成为可能。