Sleep Disordered Breathing and Mortality in Patients With Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy Undergoing Septal Myectomy

ObjectiveTo determine the impact of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) on survival in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) following septal myectomy.Patients and MethodsPatients with obstructive HCM undergoing septal myectomy from 2007 to 2016 were reviewed. Those who had an overnight oximetry test within 6 months before myectomy were included in analysis. Oxygen desaturation index was examined continuously and also categorically (SDB [>5/h] and severe SDB [>15/h]).ResultsA total of 619 of 1500 patients undergoing septal myectomy had overnight oximetry tests. Sleep-disordered breathing (oxygen desaturation index >5/h) was identified in 338 (54.6%) patients, and among those patients, 117 (18.9%) were classified as severe. Patients with SDB were older, had greater body mass index and body surface area, were more likely to have arterial hypertension and atrial fibrillation, and had an increased E/e’ ratio on Doppler echocardiography. Notably, there was no difference in preoperative resting left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient between patients with SDB and those with normal overnight oximetry (55 (interquartile range: 25 to 86) mm Hg versus 52 (interquartile range: 21 to 85) mm Hg; P=.29). There was no difference in age-adjusted survival among patients with normal oximetry compared with those with mild SDB (hazard ratio: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.45 to 2.17), and severe SDB (hazard ratio: 1.06, 95% CI 0.42 - 2.71).ConclusionSleep-disordered breathing is present in more than half of patients with obstructive HCM in whom septal myectomy is indicated, and is mainly associated with aging, overweight, and male sex. However, SDB does not alter survival following septal myectomy.     

血清铁蛋白与糖尿病肾病相关性的探讨

目的对2型糖尿病患者进行血清铁蛋白浓度和糖尿病肾病相关性探讨。方法89例住院治疗中的2型糖尿病患者分为肾功能正常组（58例）和肾功能异常组（31例）,分别采集血和尿标本,使用化学发光法、放射免疫法等方法测定血清铁蛋白2、4 h尿微量白蛋白排泄量等项目,并进行统计学分析处理。结果肾功能正常组的血清铁蛋白浓度和24 h尿微量白蛋白排泄量分别是226.21±126.65 ng/ml和10.09±7.17 mg/day,肾功能异常组分别是355.09±254.16 ng/ml和160.64±166.85 mg/day,两者比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;线性回归分析提示血清铁蛋白浓度和24 h尿微量白蛋白排泄量成正相关（r=0.223）,有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论血清铁蛋白浓度可作为糖尿病肾病的指标。     

原发性扩张型心肌病96例患儿长期随访

目的 探讨原发性扩张型心肌病(DCM)患儿临床特点、长期预后及其死亡的相关危险因素.方法 对1985年10月-2008年10月南京医科大学附属南京儿童医院收住院的118例DCM患儿进行随访.118例DCM患儿中共96例(81%)获得随访,22例(19%)失访.根据患儿转归不同将96例获得随访的患儿分为死亡组(53例)和存活组(43例).应用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计学分析.结果 DCM患儿1 a、2 a、3 a和5 a生存率分别为65.60%、62.50%、56.25%及44.79%.性别、家族史、心力衰竭史及奔马律在死亡组和存活组间差异均无统计学意义,而农村人口 (死亡组35例 vs存活组18例,P=0.018)、初次发病平均年龄(死亡组M 35.3个月,Q 8.4～99.0个月;存活组M 13.7个月,Q 5.5～42.3个月,P=0.002)及从发病到就诊平均时间(死亡组M 21.0 d,Q 9.5～60.0 d;存活组M 14.0 d,Q 7.0～21.0 d,P=0.043)在二组间差异有统计学意义.ECG示左心室肥厚(死亡组23例 vs存活组30例,P=0.010)可能是预后良好的指标,而心房扩大(死亡组14例 vs存活组2例,P=0.005)及病理性Q波(死亡组7例 vs存活组0例,P=0.022)往往提示预后不良.心脏超声中EF值≤20%(死亡组13例 vs存活组0例,P=0.001)、FS值≤10%(死亡组16例 vs存活组4例,P=0.012)及治疗后EF和(或)FS增长率不明显[死亡组4.14% 和(或) 5.53% vs存活组55.48% 和(或)63.62%,Pa＝0.000]提示预后不佳.初次发病年龄＞5岁患儿病死率显著高于发病年龄≤5岁者(76.92% vs 47.14%,P=0.009).初次发病年龄＞5岁(OR=16.000,95%CI 2.001～127.925,P=0.009)是小儿DCM独立危险因素,左心室肥厚(OR=0.057,95%CI 0.014～0.222,P=0.000)则是独立保护性因素.结论 DCM常预后不良,远期存活率不高,发病年龄＞5岁是小儿DCM的独立危险因素.1000     

Reduced transcapillary escape of albumin during acute blood pressure-lowering in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with nephropathy

Summary The effect of acute arterial blood pressure lowering upon albumin extravasation was studied in 10 patients with nephropathy and retinopathy due to long-standing Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. The following variables were measured: transcapillary escape rate of albumin (initial disappearance of intravenously injected ¹²⁵I-labelled human serum albumin), and urinary albumin excretion rate (radial immuno-diffusion). The study was performed twice within 2 weeks, with the patients receiving an intravenous injection of either clonidine (225 g) or saline (0.154 mmol/l). The clonidine injection induced the following changes: arterial blood pressure decreased from 134/87 to 107/73 mmHg (p<0.01), transcapillary escape rate of albumin declined from 8.1 to 6.7% of the intravascular mass of albumin/h (p<0.01), albuminuria diminished from 1434 to 815 g/min (p<0.01), and plasma volume raised slightly from 2916 to 2995ml (p<0.05). Our findings demonstrate that the enhanced albumin passage through the wall of the microvasculature characteristically found in long-term Type 1 diabetic patients with clinical microangiopathy is pressure-dependent to a large extent. This may be due to elevated hydrostatic pressure in the microcirculation.     

红霉素、盐酸多虑平联合治疗糖尿病胃轻瘫疗效观察

目的:探讨红霉素、盐酸多虑平联合治疗糖尿病胃轻瘫的疗效及安全性。方法:102 例糖尿病胃轻瘫患者,随机分为两组。治疗组52例,给予注射用红霉素1.0 g加入5%葡萄糖液500 ml中,同时内加短效胰岛素6~12 U,静脉滴注,1次/d;多虑平片12.5 mg,3次/d,口服。对照组50例,给予多潘立酮片10 mg,3次/d,口服。疗程均为半个月,治疗前后进行血、尿常规,肝、肾功能及心电图检查,详细记录症状的变化及不良反应,随访3 个月。结果:两组总有效率,治疗组高于对照组,差异具有显著性(P<0.05),复发率治疗组低于对照组,但差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:糖尿病胃轻瘫的发病往往与情绪因素有关,用红霉素联合多虑平进行治疗安全有效,且不良反应少。     

高热量高蛋白饮食诱导GK大鼠糖尿病肾病模型的建立

目的 运用高热量高蛋白饮食诱导GK大鼠2型糖尿病肾病模型的建立,并探讨其可能的作用机制.方法 28周龄GK大鼠24只,随机分成对照组、模型组,每组各12只,模型组给予高热量高蛋白饮食,对照组给予正常饮食,共8周.于第0、4、8周观察24 h尿微量白蛋白、24h尿蛋白、尿肌酐、尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值水平;于第0、8周观察空腹血糖和血清肌酐、尿素氮、总胆固醇、甘油三脂、一氧化氮水平;实验结束时取双肾称重并计算肾肥大指数,取肾组织观察病理形态学变化,检测肾组织钠钾ATP酶活性.结果 与对照组比,模型组大鼠24 h尿微量白蛋白、24 h尿蛋白、尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值、空腹血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三脂、一氧化氮、肾肥大指数水平和肾组织钠钾ATP酶活性显著提高,模型组肾小球体积增大,系膜基质增生,基底膜增厚明显.结论 运用高热量高蛋白饮食诱导GK大鼠可成功建立2型糖尿病肾病模型.血糖血脂的上升是糖尿病肾病形成的重要因素,同时钠钾ATP酶活性增强进一步损伤肾小管功能,一氧化氮升高促使肾小球高灌注、高滤过,也是加速GK大鼠肾病形成的原因.     

Broad-acting therapeutic effects of miR-29b-chitosan on hypertension and diabetic complications

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免疫球蛋白联合去乙酰毛花苷注射液治疗老年扩张型心肌病的临床研究

目的探讨免疫球蛋白联合去乙酰毛花苷注射液治疗老年扩张型心肌病的临床疗效。方法选取2010年1月—2014年12月榆林市第一医院心血管内科收治的老年扩张型心肌病患者200例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各100例。两组患者均接受利尿剂等常规基础治疗。对照组患者静脉滴注去乙酰毛花苷注射液,0.5 mg/次,2次/d;治疗组在对照组基础上静脉滴注静注人免疫球蛋白,400 mg/d。两组均连续治疗4周。观察两组的临床疗效,同时比较两组治疗前后左心室射血分数(LVEF)、舒张早期血流峰值速度(EPFV)、充盈早期速率/晚期速率(E/A)、舒张晚期血流峰值速度(APFV)、左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV)、左心室质量(LV)、左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、心胸比(CTR)、Ig G抗体的变化情况。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为69.00%、85.00%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者LVEF、E/A、EPFV显著升高,APFV、LVESV、LVEDV、LV、CTR、Ig G抗体均显著降低,同组治疗前后差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组这些观察指标的改善程度优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论免疫球蛋白联合去乙酰毛花苷注射液治疗老年扩张型心肌病具有较好的临床疗效,可显著改善患者的心功能,降低Ig G抗体水平,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。