2型糖尿病胰岛素治疗中诺和锐30和诺和灵30R的对比研究

目的比较诺和锐30和诺和灵30R每日2次皮下注射治疗在开始胰岛素治疗的2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者的疗效和安全性。方法为期12周的随机、开放性比较研究。72例T2DM患者被随机分为诺和锐30治疗组和诺和灵30R治疗组，采用每日早、晚餐前两次皮下注射方案，观察两组患者7个时点血糖、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、低血糖事件及其他不良事件的差异。结果诺和锐30治疗组三餐后血糖水平明显低于诺和灵30R治疗组（P〈0．05）；诺和锐30组低血糖发生次数低于诺和灵30R组，严重低血糖发生次数约为诺和灵30R组的50％；两组HbA1c、胰岛素用量及其他不良事件差异无统计学意义。结论T2DM患者采用早、晚餐前预混胰岛素皮下注射方案治疗时，诺和锐30对餐后血糖控制更为满意，且低血糖事件发生率少；两种治疗之间的总体血糖控制水平相似。     

灵芝孢子粉对2型糖尿病大鼠睾丸细胞凋亡及核转录因子NF—κB／P65表达的影响

目的观察灵芝孢子粉对2型糖尿病大鼠睾丸细胞凋亡及核转录因子NF-κB／P65表达的影响。方法Wistar雄性大鼠50只,随机分成3组（对照组、模型组、灵芝组）。TUNEL法检测睾丸细胞凋亡率,免疫组化法检测核因子-κB转录（NF—κB／P65）蛋白的表达。结果模型组细胞凋亡率和NF-κB／P65的表达均明显高于对照组和灵芝组（P〈0．05）。结论灵芝孢子粉对糖尿病大鼠睾丸组织具有保护作用,可抑制睾丸细胞凋亡,可能与其减轻氧化应激、减少糖尿病睾丸过度表达NF-κB／P65有关。     

Acupuncture therapy and cognitive dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes: A protocol for systematic review

Background:With the aging of society, the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is increasing every year, and there is a clear correlation between T2DM and cognitive dysfunction. Acupuncture therapy has been widely used in the treatment of T2DM, but there is no systematic review on the treatment of T2DM associated with cognitive impairment. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of acupuncture in the treatment of T2DM with cognitive impairment to clarify its efficacy.Methods:A structured and systematic literature search will be conducted in the following databases up to April 26, 2021: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science (WOS), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese Scientific and Journal Database (VIP), and Wan Fang database (Wanfang). We will use the Review Manager 5.4 software provided by the Cochrane Collaborative Network for statistical analysis. We then assessed the quality and risk of the included studies and observed the outcome measures.Results:This meta-analysis further determined the beneficial effects of acupuncture on T2DM with cognitive impairment.Conclusion:The purpose of this meta-analysis was to explore the effect of acupuncture on patients T2DM with and cognitive impairment patients, and provide more options for clinicians and patients to treat T2DM with cognitive impairment.Ethics and dissemination:This systematics review will evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of T2DM with cognitive impairment. Since all the data included were published, the systematic review did not require ethical approval.Registration number:CRD42021245681.     

Electronic Diabetes Management System Replaces Paper Insulin Chart: Improved Quality in Diabetes Inpatient Care Processes Due to Digitalization

Background:GlucoTab, an electronic diabetes management system (eDMS), supports healthcare professionals (HCPs) in inpatient blood glucose (BG) management at point-of-care and was implemented for the first time under routine conditions in a regional hospital to replace the paper insulin chart.Method:To investigate quality of the eDMS for inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus a monocentric retrospective before-after evaluation was conducted. We compared documentation possibilities by assessing a blank paper chart vs the eDMS user interface. Further quality aspects were compared by assessing filled-in paper charts (n = 106) vs filled-in eDMS documentation (n = 241). HCPs (n = 59) were interviewed regarding eDMS satisfaction.Results:The eDMS represented an improvement of documentation possibilities by offering a more structured and comprehensive user interface compared to the blank paper chart. The number of good diabetes days averaged to a median value of four days in both groups (paper chart: 4.38 [0-7] vs eDMS: 4.38 [0-7] days). Median daily BG was 170 (117-297) mg/dL vs 168 (86-286) mg/dL and median fasting BG was 152 (95-285) mg/dL vs 145 (69-333) mg/dL, and 0.1% vs 0.4% BG values <54 mg/dL were documented. Diabetes documentation quality improved when using eDMS, for example, documentation of ordered BG measurement frequency (1% vs 100%) and ordered BG targets (0% vs 100%). HCPs stated that by using eDMS errors could be prevented (74%), and digital support of work processes was completed (77%). Time saving was noted by 8 out of 11 HCPs and estimated at 10-15 minutes per patient day by two HCPs.Conclusions:The eDMS completely replaced the paper chart, showed comparable glycemic control, was positively accepted by HCPs, and is suitable for inpatient diabetes management.     

新诊断的2型糖尿病患者血糖水平与胰岛素分泌及胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的:比较不同糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平的新诊断的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者胰岛素分泌功能和胰岛素抵抗(IR)情况。方法:将235例新诊断为T2DM的患者按HbA1c水平分为3组,即HbA1c组1(HbA1c≤7.5%)、HbA1c组2(7.5%相似文献   

Lipid modification in type 2 diabetes: the role of LDL and HDL

Patients with type 2 diabetes feature important modification of both low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein particles which are likely to play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Although plasma LDL cholesterol level is usually normal in type 2 diabetic patients, LDLs show a significant increase in their plasma residence time which may promote cholesterol deposition in the arterial wall. Moreover, important qualitative abnormalities of LDLs, potentially atherogenic, are observed in type 2 diabetic patients: small dense, triglyceride-rich, LDL particles (known as subclass B), oxidized LDL and glycated LDL. All these qualitative modification of LDLs amplify the atherosclerotic process.
Plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is decreased in type 2 diabetes related to increased catabolism of HDL particles. One of the mechanism responsible for increased catabolism of HDLs is hypertriglyceridemia, promoting through cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) the transfer of triglycerides (TG) to HDL leading to the formation of TG-rich HDLs which are very good substrates for hepatic lipase, enzyme in charge of HDLs catabolism. The reduction in plasma adiponectin level, observed in type 2 diabetes may be another mechanism involved in the diminution of HDL cholesterol. Furthermore, qualitative abnormalities of HDLs are described in type 2 diabetes: enrichment in triglycerides and glycation, which may impair HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux and reverse cholesterol transport. In addition to their role in reverse cholesterol transport, HDLs usually show antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant effects. It has been shown that HDLs from patients with type 2 diabetes have a significant reduction in their antioxidative and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant properties.     

妊娠期糖尿病健康教育干预对妊娠结局影响的研究

目的：探讨健康教育干预对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇妊娠结局的影响。方法：将112例经产前糖尿病筛查发现并确诊的妊娠期糖尿病孕妇随机分为对照组和实验组各56例,实验组实施饮食和行为方面的健康教育干预指导,对照组则不施加任何干预。观察两组孕妇妊娠结局情况。结果：实验组中妊高征、早产、剖宫产、新生儿低血糖、新生儿窒息的发生率均显著低于对照组。结论：对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇施行饮食和行为方面的健康教育干预指导可降低孕产妇并发症和围产儿死亡的发生率。     

血管回声跟踪技术诊断2型糖尿病患者动脉早期硬化

目的 探讨血管回声跟踪(echo-tracking,ET)技术对2型糖尿病患者早期动脉硬化的应用价值.方法 在ET模式下,采集30例正常人和54例2型糖尿病患者的股动脉的二维超声图像,测量双侧股动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT).应用ET技术检测弹性指标β、Eρ、AC、AI及PWVβ.按照股动脉IMT是否＜1.0 mm将糖尿病患者分为A(IMT＜1.0 mm) 组和B(IMT≥1.0 mm) 组.结果 A组及B组股动脉弹性指标β、Eρ、PWVβ均较对照组显著增高(P<0.05),AC值显著降低(P<0.05).B组股动脉弹性指标β、Eρ、PWVβ较A组也显著增高,统计学有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论 糖尿病患者存在动脉硬化的病理改变,而且在形态学变化之前就有动脉弹性的减低.ET技术可以在动脉粥样硬化的形态学改变出现之前早期发现动脉硬化.