国产电解可脱性铂弹簧圈栓塞颅内动脉瘤的临床应用

目的比较天津环湖医疗器械厂研制生产的电解可脱性铂弹簧圈（sunruifa electrical detachable coil，SEDC）和美国Micro Therapeutics，Inc公司生产的电解可脱性铂弹簧圈（sapphire detachable coil，SDC）栓塞颅内动脉瘤的临床应用情况。方法颅内动脉瘤患者91例，30例使用SEDC行颅内动脉瘤栓塞（SEDC组）；61例采用SDC栓塞（SDC组）。两组患者在同一时间段．由同一术者使用同种微导管进行治疗。术中观察两种弹簧圈在X线下的可视性、在推送中的顺滑程度、解旋情况、软硬程度、成篮效果、致密填塞情况及解脱时间。采用电话、门诊及数字减影血管造影进行随访。结果SEDC组共用SEDC 108枚，SDC组用SDC 271枚。在X线透视下SEDC与SDC同样清晰可见，在微导管中推送弹簧圈时，SEDC组有2枚欠顺滑，SDC组有9枚欠顺滑；在反复推拉弹簧圈时，SEDC组有5枚发生解旋，SDC组有8枚解旋；SEDC组电解脱时间有6枚超过5min，SDC组有10枚超过5min。经统计学分析，各项观察指标两组比较差异无显著性。SEDC组动脉瘤致密填塞25例，SDC组49例，SEDC组瘤颈残留2例，SDC组5例，SEDC组非致密填塞3例，SDC组7例，两组比较差异无显著性。两组均随访3～22个月，无再出血，两组中各有2例术后获得DSA随访，均未见动脉瘤复发。结论SEDC可以替代SDC栓塞颅内动脉瘤。     

创伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的血管内栓塞治疗

目的 探讨创伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘(TCCF)的治疗方法、栓塞技术要点及随访意义。方法 对119例TCCF病人共行128次栓塞。其中,股动脉入路112例,股静脉入路5例,经眼上静脉入路2例;以球囊栓塞瘘口101例,以微弹簧圈栓塞13例,球囊并用弹簧圈2例,干冻硬脑膜3例。术后3月~10年随访110例,其中行影像学复查29例。结果 111例1次栓塞成功,8例于第1次栓塞后球囊泄漏复发,经再次栓塞治愈,总治愈率100%。颈内动脉通畅率90.8%(108/119),无严重并发症,随访显示疗效可靠。结论 TCCF一般经股动脉入路用可脱性球囊栓塞瘘口,小瘘口TCCF选择微弹簧圈栓塞;若颈内动脉结扎或闭塞,可经静脉入路栓塞瘘口。一般情况下海绵窦瘘均表现为良性过程,应力争解剖治愈,不可轻易牺牲颈内动脉。正确选择栓塞途径及栓塞材料是手术成功的关键。     

介入微导管技术中的DSA质控

目的探讨介入微导管技术中DSA的质量控制。方法常规Seldinger导管法,选择好DSA技术参数、高压注射器参数,常规呼吸训练及心理护理,利用“路径图”(roadmap)技术,将微导管超选至靶血管,进行造影及栓塞治疗时,对其DSA图像质量进行评价。结果检查151例病例(上腹部128例,胸部16例,头面部5例,盆腔2例),620个曝光采集序列(sequences),洗印966幅图像,图像质量优秀的497个序列,占80.2%;图像质量良好的109个序列,占17.5%;图像质量差的9个序列,占1.45%;造影失败5个序列,占0.86%。结论不同的病例、部位的图像采集应用不同的技术参数;使用非离子型造影剂有利于提高检查图像质量;肺部DSA要利用密度补偿;手推造影要注意压力控制、手脚配合及采集蒙片时机;术中护理与呼吸训练必不可少。     

血管内支架结合弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的临床研究

目的 探讨血管内支架结合电解可脱卸弹簧圈(GDC)治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的适应证、技术要点、并发症防治及疗效，评估该技术的安全性及疗效。方法 105例颅内宽颈动脉瘤(前循环78例，后循环27例)，首先将冠脉支架跨动脉瘤颈放置，通过支架上的网孔将微导管送入动脉瘤腔，填塞GDC，术后3、6、12个月随访临床症状，6～12个月脑血管造影随访。结果 104例手术成功，1例失败；80例动脉瘤达到致密填塞，24例大部填塞，载瘤动脉通畅；1例术中发生脑梗死，1例发生颈动脉夹层动脉瘤，1例术中动脉瘤破裂，1例在GDC填塞过程中支架完全塌陷。98例临床随访3～32个月，均无再出血或血栓栓塞的症状。血管造影随访62例(随访期6～12个月)，60例动脉瘤不再显影，2例明显缩小，1例出现支架近端轻度狭窄。结论 联合使用支架和微弹簧圈是治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤安全有效的方法，支架使宽颈动脉瘤的介入治疗成为可能，支架不但可防止弹簧圈突入载瘤动脉，还可防止弹簧圈压缩，促进瘤内血栓形成，防止动脉瘤复发，长期疗效有待于进一步观察。     

An unusual congenital arteriovenous fistula of the vertebral artery and its embolization by a detachable balloon catheter

This report concerns a 4-year-old boy with a pulsating tumor on the left side of the neck. Angiography revealed a congential arteriovenous fistula of the vertebral artery at C2 level being fed by a left ascending cervical artery. The shunting vessel was cut off by a detachable balloon catheter via the vertebral artery so that the physiological blood supply could be restored.     

Utility of catheter-assisted Guglielmi detachable coiling in the treatment of wide-necked aneurysms

Summary Background. Catheter-assisted Guglielmi detachable coiling (CAGDC) is a technical option that was developed to allow the endovascular treatment of wide-necked aneurysms. We report upon our experiences of the CAGDC in treating aneurysms with an assessment of its efficacy and safety. Methods. The effect of CAGDC of wide-necked aneurysms was retrospectively evaluated in 10 patients (5 females, 5 males, mean age 56, range 40–76 yrs) who underwent the procedure. Findings. All the aneurysms were successfully embolized with CAGDC. Eight patients presented with SAH from an acutely ruptured aneurysm. Six patients were available for an angiographic follow up (mean: 10.3 months, range: 6–12 months). At the angiographic follow-up, all the aneurysms were stable and occluded (3 aneurysms with complete and 3 with near complete packing of the sac and neck). Complications directly related to the procedure were encountered in two patients (one coil migration, one thrombo-embolism). Three patients died as a result of complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Conclusion. CAGDC is a viable option for the treatment of wide neck aneurysms prior to balloon (or stent) assisted coil embolization.     

正向导丝“寻踪”技术在冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变逆向介入中的应用

冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变（chronic total occlusion,CTO）是冠心病介入治疗中最复杂病变之一、在技术上存在很大的挑战,近年来,随着新器械和新技术在CTO介入治疗中的应用,CTO开通的成功率明显提高,与单纯的前向导丝技术相比,采用逆向导丝技术治疗CTO病变的成功率更高,本文采取逆向导丝技术行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗并且应用了一种新的建立正向导丝通道,这种新的技术我们称为导丝＂寻踪＂技术,即正向导丝穿入逆向微导管来替代300 cm导丝交换的建立正向导丝通道方法,有技术优势,操作可行。     

可脱乳胶球囊血管内治疗外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘临床分析

目的探讨可脱乳胶球囊血管内治疗外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的临床应用及手术技巧。方法收集2009年3月至2012年3月收治的采用可脱乳胶球囊血管内栓塞的47例外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。男38例,女9例;年龄17—56岁。瘘口类型均为直接型。47例均存在眼上静脉引流,20例合并同侧岩下窦引流,9例合并岩上窦引流,5例合并岩上窦、岩下窦同时引流,9例经海绵间窦双侧海绵窦引流,4例合并皮层静脉引流。结果45例瘘口采用血管内可脱乳胶球囊技术完全封堵,同侧颈内动脉保持通畅;2例球囊放置困难,经侧支循环评估后采用患侧颈内动脉球囊闭塞术,同时封堵瘘口。患者术后眼部症状均缓解,半年随访期临床症状均消失,无复发。结论可脱乳胶球囊血管内封堵外伤后颈动脉海绵窦瘘安全有效,可使绝大多数直接型瘘口得到理想封堵,并有效减少并发症的发生,复发率低。     

破裂前交通动脉动脉瘤的血管内治疗

目的 总结破裂前交通动脉动脉瘤血管内治疗的经验和体会.方法 回顾性分析我院38例应用支架辅助、双微导管技术进行血管内治疗破裂前交通动脉动脉瘤的临床资料、栓塞过程以及治疗结果.结果38例患者中致密填塞33例,大部分填塞3例,瘤颈残留l例,术中破裂出血后死亡l例.12例患者入院DSA复查未见动脉瘤复发.结论 破裂前交通动脉动脉瘤治疗比较困难,通过血管内治疗能够达到良好的治疗效果,但还需要积累大量的临床经验,不断提高血管内治疗水平.     

Perforation of the atretic pulmonary valve using chronic total occlusion (CTO) wire and coronary microcatheter

Background and objective: Chronic total occlusion (CTO) guidewire have been recently reported as an alternative to radiofrequency for perforating atretic pulmonary valve. Since procedure failures or perforation of the right ventricle still occurred with CTO, we tried to enhance the stability, steering, and pushability of the wire using a microcatheter in order to improve the safety and efficacy of the procedure.
Methods: We performed pulmonary valve perforation with CTO guidewire and microcatheter in five consecutive newborns with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA‐IVS) under fluoroscopic and echocardiographic control.
Results: The valve was easily perforated at the first attempt for all patients. After perforation, the microcatheter positioned in the main pulmonary artery allowed the exchange of the CTO guidewire for a more flexible wire, avoiding lesion and facilitating manipulation in the distal pulmonary branch arteries. The pulmonary valve was then dilated with balloons of increasing size as usually performed. We did not experience any procedural or early complications. Blalock‐Taussig shunt was performed in 2 children because of a persistent cyanosis, 4 and 10 days after perforation.
Conclusion: The combined use of a CTO guide and a microcatheter appears to be a safe and reliable technique for perforating the pulmonary valve of newborns with PA‐IVS. Further procedures with this approach are needed to confirm this first experience.