六西格玛理论与标准化操作过程规范工具的实验室应用

目的 应用6σ理论与标准化操作过程规范工具两种质量管理方法评价临床化学实验室检测方法分析性能并设计质量控制方案.方法 选择2013年第一次卫生部临床检验中心常规化学室间质评回报结果平均值作为不正确度偏倚,同时选取2013年1月～4月两水平室内质控的累积CV％平均值作为不精密度变异.通过σ水平值、Westgard标准化方法决定图与操作过程规范图评价钾（K）、钠（Na）、氯（Cl）等25种检测方法分析性能并设计最佳质量控制方案,同时结合质量目标指数进行质量改进.结果 达到5σ或“优秀”性能的检测方法比例分别为72％（18/25）和84％（21/25）,质量控制措施只需选择“N=2,13.5s或13.0s”;小于5σ或未达到“优秀”性能的检测方法的比例分别为28％（7/25）和16％（4/25）,质量控制措施采取“N=4,12.5s,多规则”或最大化质量控制,质量目标指数提示方法误差主要来源于不精密度变异.对方法性能欠佳的镁（Mg）、直接胆红素（DBil）、Na与Cl采取最大化质量控制后,Mg与DBil性能改善显著,σ水平分别上升至4.2与5.3,控制规则也降为“N=4,12.5s”与“N=2,13.0s”,但Na与Cl仍然未达到分析质量要求.结论 结合两种质量管理方法对实验室检测方法质量控制设计、误差分析、性能评价与持续质量改进具有十分重要意义.     

国内外治疗儿童包茎方法研究进展

儿童包茎是一种常见病,不同地区和人群对儿童包茎的治疗存在差异,目前也存在较多的治疗方式,但每种方法都有其利弊,本文从非手术治疗与手术治疗为切入点介绍了十余种治疗方案,笔者认为对于小儿包茎治疗方案的选择应慎重考虑,由多方共同参与。在医师充分告知家长每种治疗方案的优缺点后,共同决策出一种最合适包茎患儿治疗的方案。     

A concept analysis of decision regret in women with breast cancer

The aim of this article is to understand the components of decision regret for women making breast cancer treatment decisions. Patient-centered care models encourage women to become more active in the decision-making process, inadvertently exposing them to the risk of experiencing decision regret. Enhancing the understanding of the concept of decision regret can offer insight into ways to mitigate this phenomenon. The Walker and Avant method was used to analyze this concept. Using PubMed, CINAHL, ERIC, Academic Search Complete, PsychINFO, SocINDEX, Joanna Briggs Institute of EBP Database, and an online dictionary, articles from 2011 to 2021 were analyzed to identify concept uses, attributes, antecedents, and consequences. Decision regret in women making breast cancer healthcare decisions is a negative cognitive-emotional response to a treatment decision that involves counterfactual thinking with three targets of regret: outcome regret, chosen option regret, and process regret. Experiencing decision regret can reduce a woman's quality of life, inflict psychological distress, and impact future decision-making. Unfavorable outcomes, decision uncertainty, and breakdowns in the decision-making process can lead to decision regret. Findings provide information on identifying women experiencing decision regret and illustrate opportunities to address causative factors through patient education and support to promote optimal patient outcomes.     

Integrating Climate Change in the Curriculum: Using Instructional Design Methods to Create an Educational Innovation for Nurse Practitioners in a Doctor of Nursing Practice Program

An applied epidemiology course for doctor of nursing practice students was revised to include a module on the impact of climate change on population health. The Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate (ADDIE) model of instructional design is a gold standard framework for creating course content and guided the module development. A nurse content expert discussed the environmental impacts of climate change on health using literature, actual clinical scenarios, and the application of epidemiologic data. Topics included safeguarding workers and vulnerable populations within the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Students posted reflections on their understanding of module content in response to structured prompts electronically in the learning management system for review by the faculty. Faculty evaluation of responses identified the need to further develop and integrate environmental epidemiology and climate change content more fully within the doctor of nursing practice curriculum.     

Impediments to applying the ‘dignity of risk’ principle in residential aged care services

This discussion paper identifies four core factors currently impeding the application of the dignity of risk principle in residential aged care settings in Victoria, Australia: the fluctuating decision‐making ability of residents; multiple participants in decision‐making; discordance between espoused values and actions; and confusion and fear around legal responsibilities of care providers. Potential solutions identified include a conceptual shift in approach and consensus between key stakeholders, as well as more tangible solutions such as education and point‐of‐care decision support tools.     

Uncertainty and Quality of Life

Abstract

The advent of combination anti-retroviral therapies has ushered in a new phase of the AIDS epidemic with resulting changes in the psychological and emotional complexities for people living with HIV and AIDS. The medical uncertainties regarding whether, when, and which drugs to begin or stop is paralleled by a constellation of psycho-social issues that has left both clients and mental health providers scrambling to adjust to the new world of HIV disease as a chronic and manageable illness for most people living in developed countries. Paramount among the emotional and psychological issues that need to be addressed are quality of life issues and how these influence a person's medical decision making and other crucial life choices. This article contains personal as well as professional reflections from the perspective of an HIV-positive psychotherapist who has worked in the field of HIV/AIDSsince the onset of the epidemic.