应用CiteSpace软件对腹腔镜肝切除术文献行可视化分析报告

Visual analysis of laparoscopic hepatectomy by CiteSpace software        LIU Yao*,CAO Kuan,ZHANG Bin,et al. *Graduate School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004,China Corresponding author：WANG Ren-hao, E-mail:wangrenhao@xzhmu.edu.cn Abstract    Objective    To analyze the papers,research hotspots and research trends in the research field of laparoscopic hepatectomy,so as to provide references for relevant personnel in this field to carry out the academic research of laparoscopic hepatectomy.  Methods    In the web of Science（WOS）,take " laparoscopic liver resection " as the subject word, "August 20,2021" as the time node,and "paper or review" as the source to limit the type of journals. Use Excel to sort out the retrieved documents,and get the basic overview of the annual number of documents,countries or regions,periodicals,institutions and authors. Use CiteSpace to perform keyword cluster analysis,and obtain the research hotspot and development trend. Results    A total of 2792 articles were retrieved,the total number of publications was small,  but the annual publication volume showed an increasing trend. Literature sources were highly concentrated in a few countries or regions. More than 100 articles in this field were published by 3 journals. More than 100 documents issued by 3 issuing institutions. More than 50 articles issued by 10 people. The research hotspots in this field focused on radiofrequency ablation,liver surgery,cholecystectomy,liver transferase and surgical management. From the evolution trend of research topics from 2002 to 2021,partial hepatectomy,ultrasonography,cancer cells,malignant tumors,liver tumors,laparoscopic cholecystectomy,bile duct injury,radiofrequency ablation of liver metastasis,surgical management,diagnostic laparoscopy,single center,meta-analysis and outcm are the frontier topics in this field,it may become the focus of scholars' attention in the next few years. Conclusion    Laparoscopic hepatectomy has been widely used all over the world because of its advantages of small trauma and rapid recovery. In the future,it is necessary to pay attention to the cutting-edge research in this field and explore new surgical methods on the existing basis.     

三甲医院高层次卫技人才队伍建设发展现状及对策研究

通过对某三甲医院高层次卫技人才的规模、构成、引培和流失进行统计分析,了解医院高层次卫技人才队伍建设现状和流动变化规律,为制定和完善医院高层次卫技人才队伍建设策略提供证据参考。结果显示,该院高层次卫技人才规模、构成均得到有效改善,高层次卫技人才流失情况在可控范围内,但也面临着高层次卫技人才总量相对不足、流失人才中辞职占比较大等问题。未来要继续推动"人才强院"战略,创新人才引培考核机制,完善人才培养体系和计划,建立科学的测评体系以及健全绩效评价机制和薪酬分配制度。     

艾滋病的流行情况和危险因素与预防进展

艾滋病疫情的特征是人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)特异性地攻击CD4⁺T淋巴细胞,导致患者出现各种机会性感染或肿瘤,从而造成获得性免疫缺陷功能障碍(AIDS)。当前我国的艾滋病疫情处于总体低流行状况,疫情地区分布差异大,性传播逐渐成为主要传播途径,艾滋病疫情上升速度有所减缓,但是流行因素依然存在。同时我国科研与卫生工作者针对我国的艾滋病做了大量的工作,譬如已经进行了大量的流行病调查与科研前期分析,开发了一些前期用药,了解了多数艾滋病高发地区的疫情状况,但是存在一定的不足。本文综述了艾滋病的流行情况,深入阐述了艾滋病的危险因素与传播方式,重点论述了艾滋病的预防进展,包括心理干预、夫妻支持和社会支持等,希望为艾滋病的早诊断、早治疗提供帮助。     

2011—2019年河南省疟疾疫情分析

目的 了解2011—2019年河南省疟疾疫情特征,为河南省消除疟疾后监测阶段疟疾防控提供科学依据。方法 收集2011—2019年河南省疟疾疫情资料及疟疾病例个案调查资料,采用描述流行病学方法对疟疾流行特征进行分析。结果 2011—2019年河南省共报告疟疾病例1836例,其中有1634例境外输入病例,15例境外输入性恶性疟病例死亡。境外输入病例来自非洲的有1545例（94.55%,1545/1634）,以恶性疟为主（81.10%,1253/1545）;东南亚88例（5.39%,88/1634）,以间日疟为主（84.09%,74/88）。1836例病例分布于全省18个市的128个县（市、区）,报告病例数位于前五的市有郑州市（651例）、洛阳市（256例）、濮阳市(151例)、南阳市（138例）和安阳市（95例）,占总病例数的70.32%。男性1738例,女性98例;病例主要集中于20~59 岁年龄组,占病例总数的93.74%（1721/1836）,职业以农民为主。病例分布具有一定的季节性,2011—2019年发病7 d内确诊率差异具有统计学意义（〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗=61.854,P<0.01）。18个市在发病后3d和7d内的确诊率差异均具有统计学意义。结论 在全省进入消除后监测阶段,应继续严格按照“1-3-7”消除疟疾工作模式要求,完善消除后监测体系,以巩固来之不易的消除疟疾成果。     

Single channel activity associated with the calcium dependent outward current inHelix pomatia

A recently improved version of the extracellular patch clamp technique (9, 13) was used to record currents from microscopic membrane areas of Helix neurons with predominant Ca²⁺ dependent outward currents. Current fluctuations in the patches consisted mainly of frequently interrupted, one-sided steps indicating discrete open-closed state changes of single channels with an ohmic conductance of approximately 19 pS. Frequency of occurrence of the elementary events compares with amplitudes of macroscopic currents during depolarizing voltage steps of varied amplitude. Average delays in appearance of the events vary in line with delayed time courses of the cell's outward current.     

Finite-element model of the human head: scalp potentials due to dipole sources

Three-dimensional finite-element models provide a method to study the relationship between human scalp potentials and neural current sources inside the brain. A new formulation of dipole-like current sources is developed here. Finiteelement analyses based on this formulation are carried out for both a threeconcentric-spheres model and a human-head model. Differences in calculated scalp potentials between these two models are studied in the context of the forward and inverse problems in EEG. The effects of the eye orbit structure on surface potential distribution are also studied.     

Further characterization of the slow muscarinic responses inXenopus oocytes

In immature follicular ocytes of the frogXenopus laevis, application of muscarinic agonists evokes a complex response consisting of a fast and a slow Cl currents (the dominant responses), Cl current fluctuations, and a less prominent slow K current. The characteristics of the slow ACh-evoked potassium current were studied using the two-electrode voltage clamp method, and compared to those of the ACh-evoked Cl currents. In experiments designed to study the K current response separately, without the interference of ACh-evoked Cl currents, the holding potential was set close or equal to Cl equilibrium potential (measured as the reversal potential of the ACh-evoked Cl current). The Cl current responses were studied in cells that had negligible K current response. The dose-response curve of the potassium response followed classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The dose-response characteristics of the slow ACh-evoked Cl current displayed a positive cooperativity of at least 3. In spite of this difference, kinetic analysis revealed that these two responses, as well as the fast Cl current response that was characterized earlier (Dascal and Landau 1982), had almost identical apparent equilibrium dissociation constants (0.29–0.39 M), suggesting involvement of a single receptor class. Both K and Cl currents were reduced (to 32–56% of control) by millimolar concentrations of phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, theophylline and isobutylmethylxanthine. Elevation of extracellular Ca concentration from 1 to 10 mM doubled the K current; depletion of external Ca caused a partial inhibition of this response. The K current was potentiated by 0.1 M 4-phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu). Ca-dependence of the ACh-evoked K current resembles that of ACh-evoked Cl currents, described earlier, and suggests mediation by a similar mechanism, i.e. mobilization of Ca from intracellular stores. On the other hand, most of the features described here are in a sharp contrast to those reported for adenosine-evoked, cAMP-mediated slow K current. Thus, we suggest that purinergic and muscarinic receptors inXenopus follicular oocytes are coupled to potassium channels through different molecular mechanisms.Abbreviations ACh acetylcholine - cAMP cyclic adenosine 3,5-monophosphate - cGMP cyclic guanosine 3,5-monophosphate - EGTA ethylenediaminetraacetic acid - Hepes N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2-hydroxypropanesulphonic acid - IBMX 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine - IP₃ inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate - PDBu 4-phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate - PDE phosphodiesterase     

Horizontal Interactions in Cat Striate Cortex: II. A Current Source-Density Analysis

The current source-density (CSD) analysis was used to investigate the organization of tangential synaptic connections in primary visual cortex of normally reared (NR) kittens and of NR, binocularly deprived (BD) and dark-reared (DR) adult cats. Laminar profiles of field potentials, elicited by intracortical microstimulation were measured at various distances from the stimulating electrodes. To exclude contamination by axon collaterals of antidromically stimulated thalamo-cortical fibres, these were destroyed by injecting the cytotoxin N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) into the lateral geniculate nucleus 13 - 27 days before recording. The CSD profiles revealed distinct layer-specific patterns of lateral spread of activity. Invariably, the most prominent, long-lasting and far reaching responses were recorded in supragranular layers. Responses in layer IV were brief and confined to the vicinity of the stimulation site. Responses in infragranular layers spread as far as those in supragranular layers, but were of smaller amplitude. Latency considerations, the results of double shock stimulation, and the effects of translaminar cuts, suggest that these responses were monosynaptic and mediated by intracortical pathways with a conduction velocity of 0.3-5 m/s. The spatial spread of these responses changed substantially with age but was not influenced by visual deprivation. In NR adults, supra- and infragranular responses were recordable up to 2.5 mm from the stimulation site and layer IV responses up to 1 mm from the stimulation site. In kittens, the former responses spread up to 5 mm and the latter up to 2 mm from the site of stimulation. The amplitude of the responses decreased with distance from the stimulation site. This decrease was not always monotonic suggesting inhomogeneities in the tangential projections. The laminar distribution of current sinks and sources indicates that the pathways mediating tangential interactions form excitatory synapses on apical dendrites of pyramidal cells. It is concluded that the spatial spread of tangential excitatory interactions decreases with age, but that neither the laminar pattern nor the age-dependent reduction in the strength of tangential interactions are influenced by visual deprivation.