孕早期宫颈分泌物中获取胎儿细胞DNA进行产前诊断的可行性

目的：探索获取胎儿细胞DNA用于产前基因诊断的可行性，及能否用于预期胎儿性别。方法：收集92例孕早期人工流产妇女宫颈分泌物和绒毛组织，提取宫颈分泌物中DNA，扩增Y染色体特异重复序列DNA。短期培养制备绒毛染色体，分析核型确定流产胎儿性别。结果：92例经绒毛染色体核型分析的人工流产胎儿中，正确预期胎儿性别72例，准确率78％。结论：采集孕早期宫颈分泌物，可获得胎儿滋养层细胞DNA用于产前诊断，其准确性和可靠性有待进一步提高。     

Retrospective multicentre study on mechanical and enzymatic preparation of fresh and cryopreserved testicular biopsies

BACKGROUND: Isolation of sperm suitable for ICSI from fresh or frozen-thawed testicular sperm extraction (TESE) can be facilitated by mechanical or enzymatic processing of the samples. METHODS: A retrospective multicentre study was initiated to compare these two approaches. Eleven German centres provided data on their TESE cycles performed during the period 1996/1997. Quality of retrieved sperm, fertilization rates of injected oocytes, embryo quality, resulting pregnancy rates and evolution of pregnancies were evaluated. RESULTS: The percentage of cycles with at least some motile sperm available for injection was higher after mechanical preparation. Independent of the preparation method, fertilization rates were higher for motile compared with immotile sperm or elongated spermatids in all groups and in general higher for cryopreserved versus fresh samples. Embryo quality was significantly better after injection of motile sperm for all treatments and in particular after enzymatic versus mechanical processing of biopsies. Pregnancy rates were identical for embryos derived from sperm prepared mechanically or enzymatically from fresh or cryopreserved testicular samples. The abortion rate (32/172, 18.6%) and the rate of multiple implantations (32/140, 22.9%) were not different from results reported in the literature for ICSI using ejaculated sperm. CONCLUSION: In this retrospective multicentre study, no unequivocal advantage of one over the other preparation method could be identified in 839 ICSI cycles using testicular sperm from 549 patients.     

Influence of Various Immunomodulators on the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Lewis Rats

The effect of various immunomodulators on the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is evaluated in the Lewis rat. Bordetella pertussis (BP) is the optimal inductor of EAE in this rat strain. Treatment of the animals with BP either before or after or simultaneously with guinea-pig spinal cord preparation (GpSC) resulted in an EAE about two weeks thereafter. Additional injection of living BCG, of CFA, IFA (incomplete Freund's adjuvant) or Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (VCN) did not augment or mitigate the effect induced by BP or GpSC. Living BCG, IFA, VCN or Corynebacterium parvum (CP) did not induce EAE when given in combination with GpSC but without BP. CFA combined with GpSC only occasionally induced EAE. However, EAE could be induced by the combination of CFA and GpSC or IFA and GpSC in a part of the animals tested if they had been pretreated or simultaneously been injected with living BCG by intravenous route. EAE could not be enhanced by the additional injection of VCN. Surprisingly, most of the animals peracutely died after injection of CFA and BP in combination with GpSC when they had been pretreated with CP. This effect was most pronounced when pretreatment was done on day -4. No acute effect could be seen when CP was given simultaneously to CFA, BP and GpSC. Animals which did not peracutely succumb developed EAE similarly as those in the positive control groups. CP treatment simultaneously with BP but without CFA resulted in a reduction of the EAE specific mortality. This reduction could not be seen if treatment with CP was done after injection of GpSC and BP.     

Handling of biological samples in the determination of the anti-neoplastic drug mitomycin C

A study to ascertain suitable conditions for handling biological samples from patients, treated with the antibiotic mitomycin C (MMC), with the objective of improving the accuracy and reliability of the determination is described. Situations frequently occurring in medical practice are simulated to optimize procedures for reliable and reproducible sampling, sample treatment and determination of MMC. Continuation of drug partitioning in whole blood after sampling can be prevented by immediate cooling in ice before the separation of plasma from cells. The adjustment of the pH of urine samples is shown to be particularly important since a low urinary pH causes decomposition of MMC; moreover, it may decrease extraction recovery. Furthermore, long-term exposure of samples to daylight induces drug decomposition. Frozen storage of plasma and urine samples for periods greater than 3 weeks is to be avoided as this results in a considerable drop in MMC concentration. Repeated cycles of freezing and thawing are shown to have no effect upon the analytical results (6 cycles tested). The analysis of extracts of biological samples may take place up to at least 24 h after their preparation without measurable loss of analyte.     

Serum digoxin concentrations in a representative digoxin — Consuming adult population

Summary As part of health examination of a representative sample of an adult population (n=8000) serum digoxin concentration was measured in 661 patients on continuous digoxin therapy. The prescribed mean daily dose of digoxin was significantly higher in men (223 µg) than in women (201 µg); the dose significantly decreased with increasing age. The mean serum digoxin concentration was the same in men and women and it differed insignificantly between age groups, although older persons tended to have a higher concentration. The age — adjusted mean steady state digoxin concentration was 1.02 ng/ml in men and 0.98 ng/ml in women; in about 60% the concentration was within the therapeutic range (0.80–2.00 ng/ml). The concentrations were clearly related to daily dose of digoxin. At equal dose levels old persons tended to have higher concentrations than younger persons. The interindividual variation in serum digoxin concentrations was very wide. However, when digoxin measurements in the same subjects were repeated about three months later, a good correlation between the two measurements was found. The interval between the last dose of digoxin and the collection of blood (up to 41 h) had relatively little effect on individual serum digoxin concentrations. Patients on concomitant thiazide or loop diuretic therapy had the same mean serum digoxin concentration as those not-receiving a diuretic. The mean concentration was significantly higher in patients taking a thiazide or loop diuretic combined with triamterene. The difference may have been due to an interaction between triamterene and digoxin.     

生存研究样本量设计表及其使用方法

目的 :本文就两样本生存研究所需样本量用广义渐近正态法设计出 15 30个方案 ,制成设计表供临床使用。方法 :利用C语言编制程序 ,按通用格式打印设计表。结果 :常用方案查表可得。这些与两样本生存率检验相匹配 ,具有还原性 ,摆脱了比例危险的假设 ,在常见临床条件下观测功效符合预定功效。结论 :这些设计表适用于两样本癌症临床研究的设计 ,尤其便于临床医师或有关研究人员使用     

药用辅料在制剂中的应用概述

药用辅料是药物制剂的基础材料的重要的组成部分,在制剂型和生产中起着关键作用,它不仅赋予药物一定剂型,并且与提高药物的疗效,降低毒副作用有很大的关系,因此,研究开发,合理应用辅仅可提高药物制剂质量和生产技术水平,而且可取得较大的社会及经济效益。     

液中干燥法制备羟甲酰胺微囊及其缓释性研究

目的研究用液中干燥法制备的羟甲酰胺微囊的性质.方法正交实验设计优选制备工艺,光学显微镜观察其形态大小分布等,以体外溶出试验研究其缓释性.结果所得微囊粒径在100～800μm,载药量为53.8%,8h释放百分率为85%.结论液中干燥法制备的羟甲酰胺微囊有良好的开发应用前景.     

南昌市外环境新型冠状病毒监测与分析

目的 了解疫情期间南昌市新型冠状病毒外环境污染情况,为采取针对性的疫情防控措施提供科学依据。方法 选取22个重点场所为采样点,采集环境涂抹样,采用RT - PCR法对样本进行新型冠状病毒核酸检测。结果 22个采样点共采集样本647份,其中核酸阳性样本5份,均来源于确诊病例的居家和办公场所,分别为病例居家的卫生间洗漱台面、卫生间蹲坑冲水开关、冰箱把手、床头柜以及办公室的卫生间马桶冲水按钮。结论 疫情期间,病例居家与办公场所外环境检测到COVID - 19核酸阳性,其中卫生间污染严重,其他公共场所外环境未检测到核酸阳性。     

吗啡增强备用根大鼠脊髓后角组织提取液对培养鸡胚背根节的促神经突起生长的作用

用组织培养方法，探讨备用很大鼠手术侧和非手术侧脊髓后角组织提取液对鸡胚背根节（ＤＲＧ）神经突起的促生长作用，以及应用吗啡对此作用的影响。结果显示：备用根大鼠手术侧脊髓后角组织提取液作用的ＤＲＧ神经突起密度（３６．４２±４．６９），比非手术侧的（２３．９６±３．４７）明显增大。提示去初级传入纤维的脊髓后角组织具有促进ＤＲＧ神经突起生长的神经营养活性作用。应用吗啡的备用根大鼠手术侧脊髓后角组织提取液作用的ＤＲＧ神经突起密度（６４．１９±９．２４），又比备用根大鼠手术侧的大。这表明，吗啡具有进一步增强去初级传入纤维支配的脊髓后角组织提取液促进培养的ＤＲＧ神经突起生长的效应。