可回收特制金属支架置入治疗贲门失驰缓症的疗效观察

目的：探讨可回收特制金属支架置入治疗贲门失驰缓症的临床疗效。方法2012年1月至2013年1月我院收治的贲门失弛缓症患者共22例,经胃镜置入可回收特制金属支架,60 d后回收支架,评价患者术后疗效。结果放置支架一次性成功者21例（95.5%）,1例支架置入后轻度移位,所有患者均于支架放置2个月后回收。术后全部患者均有效解除吞咽困难,症状解除率为100%,钡餐透视钡剂通过顺利。呕吐、胸痛、返食是主要的术后并发症,经治疗后均有效缓解。结论采用可回收金属食管支架治疗贲门失弛缓症,操作简便、创伤小、安全性好、术后并发症少、回收方便、长期疗效确切。     

球囊扩张术用于治疗鼻咽癌放疗后环咽肌失弛缓的疗效观察

目的：探讨导管球囊扩张术用于治疗鼻咽癌放疗后环咽肌失迟缓的疗效。方法：38例环咽肌失迟缓的吞咽困难患者随机均分为球囊扩张组和常规训练组各19例。球囊扩张组接受常规吞咽训练和导尿管球囊扩张治疗,常规训练组仅进行常规吞咽训练。治疗终点为恢复经口进食或治疗已满4周。治疗前后均进行功能性经口摄食量表（FOIS）评分和吞咽造影。结果：治疗后,球囊扩张组和常规训练组FOIS评分均得到提高（P＜0．05）,且前者提高更明显（P＜0．05）;治疗后,2组环咽肌开放率均明显提高（P＜0．05）,且球囊扩张组的环咽肌正常开放率明显高于常规训练组（P＜0．05）。结论：导尿管球囊扩张用于治疗鼻咽癌放疗后环咽肌失迟缓患者疗效显著,可大大改善患者经口进食的能力。     

Immunohistochemical study of the muscularis externa of the esophagus in achalasia patients

The etiology of achalasia is believed to be the neuropathy associated with chronic inflammation of the nerve plexus, but the cause of plexus inflammation is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pathophysiology of achalasia by examining the muscularis externa of the esophagus. We used the muscularis externa of the esophagus of 62 patients with achalasia (median 44 years, male : female 32:30) who underwent surgical treatment (achalasia group) and of 10 patients (median 65.5 years, male : female 9:1) who underwent esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal cancer (control group) to perform immunohistochemical staining with S‐100, CD43, c‐kit (CD117), n‐NOS, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and ubiquitin. The cell counts that were positive for S‐100, n‐NOS, VIP, and ubiquitin were significantly lower in the achalasia group compared with the control group (P < 0.001, P= 0.001, P < 0.001, and P= 0.001, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences with respect to CD43 and c‐kit staining (P= 0.586 and P= 0.209, respectively). In conclusion, the pathophysiology of achalasia is therefore considered to be an impaired production of NO and VIP, which both affect interstitial cell of Cajal and smooth muscles, and this impairment is therefore considered to play a role in the pathophysiology of achalasia.     

Fluoroscopically guided balloon dilatation for the treatment of achalasia: long‐term outcomes

To report the immediate and long‐term outcomes following the fluoroscopically guided balloon dilatations performed in our department for the treatment of achalasia. We reviewed retrospectively all patients that underwent a fluoroscopically guided balloon dilatation because of achalasia in our department between April 2007 and September 2010. The follow‐up was performed by interviews and/or investigation of the patient's medical and imaging records. The primary endpoints of the study were technical success, clinical success, major complication rates, and repeat dilatation rates because of recurrence of clinical symptomatology. Secondary endpoints were the rate of minor complications and the dilatation‐free interval. Various parameters that could affect the clinical outcome were also analyzed. Thirty‐nine consecutive patients (20 female) with a mean age 44 ± 17 years underwent 69 dilatations, while 10/39 (25.6%) patients had a history of a previous laparoscopic myotomy. The most common symptom was dysphagia (64/69, 92.7%), while regurgitation and/or retrosternal pain were present in 12/39 (30.7%) and 9/39 (23%) of the cases, respectively. Technical success was achieved in 98.5% (68/69). There were no procedure‐related major complications. The mean balloon diameter used was 30 ± 3.9 mm, and the mean period of follow‐up was 27.7 ± 16.0 months. Excellent or good initial responses were noted in 54/66 cases (81.8%). A repeated dilatation to deal with recurrence of symptoms was performed in 69.4% of the cases (25/36). In the majority of the cases, two dilatations were needed in order to achieve long‐term relief from symptoms. A dilatation‐free interval of 4 years was observed in 26.4%. Clinical success was achieved in 30/36 patients (83.3%). Subgroup analysis did not detect significantly different recurrence rates in patients with and without previous laparoscopic myotomy (50% vs. 69% respectively), those of young age (75% < 21 years vs. 68.8% > 21 years), and male gender (71.4% male vs. 55.0% females). The high redilatation rate was attributed to the utilization of smaller balloons by less experienced operators. Fluoroscopically guided balloon dilatation is a safe and effective method for the treatment of achalasia. Young age and prior Heller's laparoscopic myotomy were not associated with increased rates of recurrence rate or clinical failure.     

经食管后壁内镜肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症的初步评价

目的 探讨经食管后壁内镜肌切开术(POEM)治疗贲门失弛缓症的有效性及安全性.方法 选择诊断明确的贲门失弛缓症患者,经食管后壁行POEM,观察手术前后患者的吞咽困难的积分、食管下括约肌静息压变化、手术并发症等.结果 28例贲门失弛缓症患者入选研究,其中26例患者顺利施行经食管后壁的POEM,平均手术时间68.8 min,无一例患者发生严重危及生命的手术并发症.26例患者术后食管下括约肌静息压力较术前平均降低16.37 mm Hg(1 mmHg =0.133 kPa),术后1个月Eckardt评分均分较术前降低6.69分,仅1例患者仍有吞咽困难,Eckardt评分为4分,总有效率96.1％ (25/26).1例患者术后出现反流症状.2例患者因贲门部严重疤痕形成而未能完成POEM手术.结论 经食管后壁POEM能即时有效地改善贲门失弛缓症患者吞咽困难的临床症状,有效降低食管下括约肌静息压力,短期疗效满意,其并发症尤其是气胸发生率较低,安全性较高.     

Rigiflex气囊扩张治疗贲门失驰缓症复发患者的临床应用价值

目的探讨Rigiflex气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症复发患者的疗效及安全性。方法2000至2012年泰山医学院附属医院27例首次气囊扩张治疗术后复发的贲门失弛缓症患者再次应用直径为3.5 cm的Rigiflex气囊扩张治疗（Rigiflex气囊组）,治疗后1、3、6、12、24、36个月随访患者临床症状积分、食管钡透检查、并发症情况等,并与43例首次接受3.2 cm直径哑铃型气囊扩张治疗患者（哑铃型气囊组）进行对照。Rigiflex气囊组与哑铃型气囊组患者治疗有效率比较采用χ^2检验。Rigiflex气囊组与哑铃型气囊组患者治疗前、后贲门口直径、5 min存留钡柱高度比较采用t检验。结果 Rigiflex气囊组患者治疗后6、12、24、36个月的治疗有效率分别为81.5%、77.8%、70.4%、51.9%,均高于哑铃型气囊组患者的65.1%、39.5%、27.9%、18.6%,且差异均有统计学意义（χ^2值分别为2.18、93.77、12.12、8.51,均P〈0.05）。Rigiflex气囊组患者治疗后1、3、6、12、24、36个月贲门口直径均大于哑铃型气囊组患者,5 min存留钡柱高度均低于哑铃型气囊扩张组患者,且差异均有统计学意义（贲门口直径：t值分别为2.96、14.69、20.96、17.24、9.70、8.09;5 min存留钡柱高度：t值分别为2.77、3.85、4.96、6.25、7.78、6.38;P〈0.05或0.01）。2组患者均未发现食管大出血及穿孔等并发症发生。结论选择3.5 cm直径的大口径Rigiflex气囊序贯扩张治疗复发的贲门失缓症患者长期疗效显著,效价比突出,治疗安全性高。     

一种吞咽障碍压力测定治疗仪的设计与临床初步研究

目的:针对咽期吞咽障碍环咽肌失弛缓的压力测量和定量扩张问题,设计开发吞咽障碍压力测定治疗仪并予以临床初步研究.方法:该装置的导管和膨胀气囊部分以导尿管结构为蓝本,选择硅胶作为气囊材料,制成三个独立气囊,上下两个气囊为定位气囊,通过中间气囊对环咽肌张力进行测量及垂直定向加压扩张.将之应用于两名受试者(环咽肌失弛缓患者1例和吞咽正常受试者1例).结果:环咽肌失弛缓患者治疗前洼田饮水试验Ⅴ级,吞咽造影检查示环咽肌失弛缓,环咽肌压力值高;患者行扩张治疗5d后其临床症状明显好转,洼田饮水试验降至Ⅰ级,吞咽造影检查基本正常,环咽肌压力值明显下降.吞咽正常受试者洼田饮水试验Ⅰ级,吞咽造影检查示环咽肌正常,环咽肌压力值较环咽肌失弛缓患者低.结论:该吞咽障碍压力测定治疗仪数据测量简单可靠,患者无明显不良反应,医疗成本低,有较强的临床实用性.     

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY

Important changes have occurred in the field of upper gastrointestinal surgery in the past few years. The change with the greatest impact has been the introduction of laparoscopiclthoracoscopic surgery in the treatment of the functional upper gastrointestinal disorders. However, new therapies in such diverse fields as bleeding oesophageal and peptic ulcer disease have greatly lessened the role of the surgeon in the elective setting. Malignant disease of the upper gastrointestinal tract has shown a marked swing away from cancer of the stomach towards cancer in the region of the gastro-oesophageal junction. There remains no consensus on the place of radical surgery in the treatment of these conditions.     

Lymphangioma of the esophagus presenting symptoms of achalasia —A case report

A case of lymphangioma of the esophagus with symptoms of achalasia was presented. Compressible and folded intramural tumors were found from the middle to the lower part of the esophagus and the Mecholyl test was positive. After incisional biopsy at lower esophagus through full thickness of the wall, the opening was repaired with Thal-Hatafuku’s fundic patch procedures to relieve achalasia. Postoperative course was uneventful and symptoms of achalasia completely disappeared.