慢性活动性肝炎中单核性细胞超微形态研究

经电镜观察,慢活肝中主要为淋巴细胞及单核巨噬细胞浸润。淋巴细胞分3型,通过4种方式与肝细胞接触,可能代表杀伤肝细胞的动态过程。与肝细胞接触的主要为起细胞毒作用的T_8~+Ⅱ型淋巴细胞及单核巨噬细胞。多数T_4~+淋巴细胞为Ⅰ型淋巴细胞,可能为T辅助细胞。在肝细胞损伤中,淋巴细胞及单核巨噬细胞均起重要作用。     

BUERGER'S DISEASE IN HONG KONG: A REVIEW OF 89 CASES

Background : A retrospective analysis of 103 case records from 1978 to 1996 with a provisional diagnosis of Buerger's disease was undertaken at the Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital. The aim of the study was to elucidate the clinical course and evaluate the results of surgical intervention of Buerger's disease in Hong Kong Chinese people. Methods : Fourteen patients were subsequently excluded from the study because of inability to fulfil our diagnostic criteria. Data on clinical presentation, investigations, indications and results of surgical intervention were reviewed. Sympathectomies and arterial reconstructions were performed on 42 and four patients, respectively, for critical ischaemia or rest pain. Outcome was analysed with respect to the rate of ulcer healing, pattern of recurrence and limb loss. Results : The patients were all young male heavy smokers with a mean age of 36.5 years. The majority of patients (80%) presented with ischaemic ulceration or gangrene. Vascular reconstruction was undertaken in four patients and satisfactory long-term results were obtained in three patients. Sympathectomy was able to relieve symptoms in 87% of operated patients and ischaemic ulceration healed in 2.6 (mean) ± 1.7 (SD) months after the operation. If the patient continued to smoke, surgical intervention did not exempt the patient from a relapse or amputation. Conclusion : Sympathectomy provides short-term pain relief and promotes ulcer healing in patients with Buerger's disease but carries no long-term benefit. Complete abstinence from smoking is the only means of arresting the progression of the disease.     

体外静脉—静脉转流下原位肝移植围术期酸碱,生化的变化

目的:观察体外静脉转流下原位肝移植围术期酸碱和生化的变化。方法:7例病人行原位肝移植术,在无肝期行体外静脉-静脉转流,监测围术期酸碱和生化指标。结果:(1)与术前相比,pH各期有所下降,但仍维持在正常范围,BE和SBC在转流60分钟及关腹时降低;与转流前期相比。pH以后各期变化不大。术期pH在7.35～7.45范围之内;(2)血糖在各期都升高,血钙降低,体温逐渐降低;(3)血钾在肝血管开放后一过性增高,由3.17mmol/L升至3.53mmol/L。结论;体外静脉转流下原位肝移植术,术中酸碱和生化变化轻微,避免了明显的代谢性酸中毒和高血钾,但体温和血糖变化明显。     

骨与关节肿瘤和瘤样病变1084例统计分析

目的：分析青海高原地区骨与关节肿瘤及瘤样病变的发病情况。方法：对１９６３～１９９５年１０月的１０８４例骨与关节肿瘤及瘤样病变进行了统计分析。结果：良性骨肿瘤７２２例（６６．６１％），恶性骨与关节肿瘤２４９例（２２．９７％），瘤样病变１１３例（１０．４２％），良、恶性肿瘤之比为２．９∶１，男女之比为１．２２∶１，好发年龄为１１～３０岁，好发部位为胫骨（２７．３％），其次为股骨（２１．８％）。良性骨肿瘤以骨软骨瘤（５４．４３％）、软骨瘤（２１．１９％）、骨巨细胞瘤（９．９７％）多见。原发恶性骨肿瘤以骨肉瘤（３３．３％）、软骨肉瘤（１０．８５％）、骨髓瘤（１０．０５％）多见。瘤样病变则以孤立性骨囊肿（４６．０１％）和骨纤维结构不良（３０．９７％）多见。结论：本组结果与国内文献对比有许多相似之处，但良性骨肿瘤与恶性骨肿瘤之比与国内文献有较大不同，可能与高原环境有关。     

Linkage studies and mutation analysis of the PDEB gene in 23 families with Leber congenital amaurosis.

The phenotype in the rd mouse is similar to the clinical presentation of Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) in humans. Recently a nonsense mutation in the beta subunit of the cGMP phosphodiesterase (Pdeb) gene has been defined as the cause for the rd phenotype in the mouse and has raised the question as to whether mutations in the human PDEB gene might cause LCA. We have previously cloned and characterized the human homologue of the mouse Pdeb gene and have mapped it to chromosome 4p16.3. In this study, a total of 23 LCA families of various ethnic backgrounds have been investigated. Linkage analysis using highly polymorphic (CA)n microsatellites has excluded the PDEB gene as a cause for LCA in 6 families. In the remaining 17 families, we have searched for mutations in the 22 exons of the PDEB gene using single-strand gel electrophoresis (SSGE). Multiple exonic polymorphisms have been determined. However, no DNA changes in the PDEB gene have been identified in our study population which could be causative for the LCA phenotype.     

The influence of pentoxifylline on motility and viability of spermatozoa from normozoospermic semen samples

In order to evaluate the effects of pentoxifylline on sperm motility and longevity, a controlled in-vitro study was conducted on normozoospermic donor semen samples using the Cellsoft automated system for sperm motility analysis. After incubation and selection, pentoxifylline was found to improve the recovery of spermatozoa and to increase their velocity. In the subgroup of progressively motile spermatozoa, curvilinear velocity was also enhanced. It is concluded that pentoxifylline has an effect on the vigour, but not on the pattern, of sperm motion. Pentoxifylline did not improve the motility characteristics of senescent spermatozoa in normozoospermic sperm samples. Sperm survival, as shown by supra-vital staining, and motility longevity both decreased with time after pentoxifylline treatment.     

中国18城市新生儿死因研究

我们于1988年5月～1989年4月对我国18城市19所医院住院分娩的60960例活产婴进行了前瞻性调查研究.60960例中死亡556例,总死亡率9.12‰,其中死亡率男高于女,早产、低体重儿高于过期产儿和足月、正常体重儿,三胎和双胎高于单胎.前6位死因依次为窒息(或羊水胎粪吸入)、呼吸系统疾病、感染、畸形、颅内出血和硬肿症.并对各种死因在不同孕周、体重以及不同日龄组中的分布特点及主要防治对策进行了分析讨论.     

超抗原TSST-1之靶TCRVβHV4序列的特征分析

首先对人和小鼠的TCRVβ的氨基酸序列进行多序列对准,就Vβ之HV4片段进行比较,分析与超抗原TSST-1结合的四种Vβ（小鼠Vβ3、Vβ15、Vβ17和人Vβ2）之HV4序列内是否存在特定的氨基酸残基排列主型。结果发现:小鼠Vβ3和Vβ17的HV4具有特异的RFSAXCXSNS主型,而小鼠Vβ15和人β2的HV4则含独特的KFXIXH主型。提示:与TSST-1结合的四种Vβ所对应的T细胞识别表位可能不止一个。     

赖型钩体flaB2与VR1012中的CpG基序分析

目的：对问号赖型钩端螺旋体（赖型钩体）DNA疫苗[包括内鞭毛蛋白基因（flaB2)和质粒DNA表达载体（VR1012）]的CpG基序（CpG motifs)进行分析，为DNA疫苗免疫机制的阐明和提高DNA疫苗的效能奠定基础。方法：以flaB2与VR1012构建重组DNA的免疫原，对flaB2及VR1012全核苷酸序列进行计算机分析（分类、计数和定位）。结果：CpG的“C”的侧翼为两个嘌呤，“G”的侧翼为两个嘧啶，在flaB2中共3个，分别为GACGCT，GACGTC和GACGCC；在VR1012中共11个，分别为GACGTC1个，GACGCT2个，GACGCC1个，GACGTT1个，GGCGTT2个，GGCGCT2个，GGCGCC1个，AACGCT1个，其中特别重要的TGACGTCA4个和TAACGCCA有1个，位于5'端456－463；509－516；592－599；778－785和486－493；4个TGACGTCA和1个TAACGCCA均位于5'端且相对集中。结论：赖型钩体flaB2与VR1012构成的DNA疫苗含有TGACGTCA等CpG，这些基序又称免疫刺激序列，构成了DNA疫苗中的佐剂。     

Duchenne型肌营养不良症

作者综述了１０年来对Ｄｕｃｈｅｎｎｅ型肌营养不良症（ＤＭＤ）的研究概况。主要包括①ＤＭＤ的临床研究。②血清生化研究表明ＣＫ、ＬＤＨ、Ｍｂ是诊断ＤＭＤ病人和携带者的敏感指标。③心脏无创性检测和肌肉超微结构研究。④部分抗肌萎缩蛋白基因ＹＡＣ物理图谱，精细限制酶图谱和缺失热区的核苷酸顺序分析，首次发现内含子中ＡＴ富集区的同源顺序与ＤＭＤ断裂有关。⑤抗肌萎缩蛋白的缺失热区疏水肽段存在与否与ＤＭＤ发病密切相关。