人体膝关节平地行走时的动力学模拟

基于美国BRG公司的运动及动力学仿真分析软件LifeMOD,建立包括股骨、胫骨、腓骨、4条主要韧带及肌肉在内的较完整的膝关节动力学模型,并用该模型模拟了人体下肢在平地行走时膝关节的动力学行为以及前交叉韧带缺损对膝关节接触力大小的影响。通过动力学分析,得到人体在平地行走时,胫股关节之间最大的接触力值为2645N,最大韧带张力为590N,发生在内侧副韧带上;当胫股关节之间的滑动受到限制时,最大的韧带张力发生在前交叉韧带上,为560N,研究结果与文献较接近。通过动力学模拟,可以得出结论：胫股关节之间的滑动对韧带张力有较大影响;前交叉韧带缺损使得胫股关节之间的接触力变小。     

关节镜下Triple TRUE-button治疗肩锁关节脱位的疗效观察

目的 探讨关节镜下采用Triple TRUE-button治疗肩锁关节脱位的临床疗效。方法 分析2018年12月至2019年12月南京中医药大学武进附属医院采用关节镜下使用Triple TRUE-button技术行喙锁韧带重建治疗肩锁关节脱位的患者15例。其中男9例,女6例;年龄21 ～ 58岁,平均38.2岁;左肩5例,右肩10例;Rockwood分型：Ⅲ型8例,Ⅴ型7例。记录患者术前和术后6个月的美国加州大学（UCLA）肩关节评分系统和Constant-Murley（CMS）评分。记录患者术前,术后2 d、6个月的患侧肩关节正位X片,测量喙锁间距（CCD）;记录手术时间和并发症情况。结果 15例患者均获得随访,随访时间6 ～ 19个月,平均13.3个月。所有患者切口均甲级愈合,无锁骨和喙突骨折等并发症。1例因术后外伤肩锁关节再脱位,行切开复位翻修。手术时间平均为（62.34±13.76） min。UCLA评分和CMS评分从分别从术前的（14.47±2.59）分和（74.40±3.92）分改善至术后的（26.87±1.37）分和（93.07±2.22）分,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。术前喙锁间距为（21.34±1.32）mm,术后6个月为（8.93±1.03）mm,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 关节镜下Triple TRUE-button技术治疗肩锁关节脱位可以取得满意的近期临床疗效,但其远期疗效仍需观察。     

Transcatheter arterial embolization of abnormal neovessels in a swine model of knee arthritis

BackgroundIn recent years, transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) using imipenem/cilastatin (IPM/CS) has attracted attention as a treatment for relieving osteoarthritis (OA) pain. However, IPM/CS is not approved by Japanese medical insurance for use as an embolic material. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new embolic materials for TAE to relieve OA pain. The purpose of this study was to develop a swine model of knee arthritis and embolize abnormal neovessels (ANs) using two different embolic materials. We compared the embolic effects and tissue damage in knees.MethodsKnee arthritis was induced by intra-articular injection of papain into 12 knees in six female swine. The swine were divided into two groups of three swine each (six knees per group) for embolization of ANs in the knees with either IPM/CS or soluble gelatin sponge particles (SGSs). Three days after embolization, we compared the embolic effects using angiography and the tissue damage histopathologically.ResultsANs were observed in all 12 knees at 42 days after papain injection. The ANs disappeared and the patent arteries were recanalized 3 days after TAE in all 12 knees. Histopathological evaluation revealed synovitis changes, such as synovial thickening and inflammatory cell infiltration, in all 12 knees. There was no evidence of skin or muscle necrosis in either group. The appearance of ANs, recanalization of the parent arteries, and histopathological outcomes were not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionSGSs were as safe as IPM/CS for TAE of ANs in this swine model of knee arthritis.     

Lateral retinacular release in concordance with medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in patients with recurrent patellar instability: A computational model

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to develop and validate a finite element (FE) model of the patellofemoral joint to analyze the biomechanics of lateral retinacular release after medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction in patellar malalignment (increased tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance (TT-TG)). We hypothesized that lateral retinacular release is not appropriate in patellar instability addressed by MPFL reconstruction due to decreased lateral stability and inappropriate adjustment in patellofemoral contact pressures.MethodsA FE in-silico model of the patellofemoral joint was developed and validated. The model was used analyze the effect of lateral retinacular release in association with MPFL reconstruction on patellofemoral contact pressures, contact area, and lateral patellar displacement during knee flexion.ResultsMPFL reconstruction alone results in restoration of patellofemoral contact pressures throughout the entire range of motion (0–90°), mimicking the results from healthy condition. The addition of the lateral retinacular release to the MPFL reconstruction resulted in significant reductions in both patellofemoral contact pressure and contact area. Lateral retinacular release resulted in more lateral patellar displacement during the mid-flexion knee range of motion.ConclusionsCombination of lateral retinacular release with MPFL reconstruction in patients with increased TT-TG is not recommended as MPFL reconstruction alone for first-line management of recurrent patellar instability offers a greater biomechanical advantage and restoration of contact forces to resemble that of the healthy knee. The presented biomechanical data outlines the effect of concomitant MPFL reconstruction and lateral retinacular release to help guide surgical planning for patients with recurrent patellar instability due to malalignment.     

Distribution of BMP6 in the alveolar bone during mouse mandibular molar eruption

Eruption requires synchrony of the tooth with the surrounding tissues, particularly the bone. One important step during eruption is remodelling of the alveolar bone at the base of the tooth and along the roots. Expression of BMP6 was reported to be increased in the basal half of the dental follicle prior to eruption and inhibition of BMP6 affected bone formation at the base of the alveolar crypt. The aim of this study was to further investigate BMP6 protein in relation to tooth eruption and the corresponding bone remodelling using temporospatial correlations of BMP6 localization with morphogenetic events (proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and bone apposition/resorption), other BMPs (BMP2 and BMP7) and three-dimensional images of tooth–bone development. BMP6 expression pattern was mapped in the mandibular molar teeth and related structures around eruption. Localization of BMP6 dominated in osteoblasts, in regions of bone formation within the alveolar crypt. These findings positively correlated with proliferation at the tooth base region, osteocalcin expression in the osteoblasts/osteocytes and BMP2 and BMP7 presence in the alveolar bone surrounding the tooth. Osteoclast activity and apoptotic elimination in the root region gradually decreased before eruption and totally ceased at eruption stages. Generally, BMP6 positively correlated with BMP2, BMP7 and osteocalcin-positive osteoblasts, and areas of bone remodelling. Moreover, BMP6 was found in the periodontium and cementoblasts. BMP6 expression in the alveolar bone accompanied tooth eruption. Notably, the expression pattern of BMP6 in the bone did not differ around individual molar teeth at the same stage of development. The expression of BMP6 in periodontal ligaments may contribute to interaction between the tooth and bone during the eruption and anchoring process.     

功能锻炼联合中药薰洗和手法在前交叉韧带重建术后康复治疗中的应用

目的:研究功能锻炼联合中药薰洗和手法在前交叉韧带重建术后康复治疗中的应用。方法:选取2013年3月至2014年2月在本院行前交叉韧带重建术后康复治疗的70例患者,按照随机数表法分为试验组和对照组,每组35例。对照组采取功能锻炼法进行治疗,试验组在此基础上联合中药熏洗和手法进行治疗。比较2组患者在术前、术后6个月的HSS膝关节功能评分、膝关节疼痛视觉模拟评分、关节活动度、患肢大腿围度、关节肌肉力量变化情况。结果:治疗后,试验组的优良率88.57%(31/35)高于对照组54.28%(19/35)(P0.05)。术后6个月,试验组的HSS膝关节功能评分(93.15±1.11)分高于对照组(84.36±2.56)分,疼痛视觉模拟评分(1.94±0.24)分低于对照组(3.56±0.52)分,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。试验组的关节活动度(121.14±13.56)度高于对照组(107.32±12.11)度,健、患侧大腿围度差(1.84±0.21)cm低于对照组(2.21±0.45)cm,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。试验组的股四头肌峰力矩、蝈绳肌峰力矩、股四头肌总功、蝈绳肌总功[(73.24±7.32)N·m、(46.32±6.15)N·m、(674.36±45.22)J、(654.61±42.15)J]高于对照组[(51.43±5.19)N·m、(33.56±3.67)N·m、(542.15±34.32)J、(514.24±23.56)J](P0.05)。结论:在前交叉韧带重建术后康复治疗中采取中药熏洗与手法并结合功能锻炼的方式,可改善膝关节疼痛感和活动度,促进膝关节功能的恢复,效果良好。     

组织工程韧带支架材料研究进展

韧带损伤发生几率很高,并且能够导致关节不稳以及其他组织损伤进一步恶化,但在临床上却没有韧带损伤修复的有效手段。组织工程为再生韧带组织提供了一个新的途径,而运用此方法选取合适的支架材料显得尤为重要。综述了组织工程韧带支架材料的主要研究成果,着重论述了在此领域潜力巨大的天然生物材料胶原和蚕丝。虽然目前的研究取得了较大的进步,但仅处在起步阶段,距离大规模的临床应用还很远。最后指出了此领域的最终目标以及未来研究趋势。     

膝关节前交叉韧带后外束股骨止点位置的解剖

目的 通过对膝关节前交叉韧带后外束股骨止点的解剖测量,找到确定前交叉韧带后外束股骨止点的简单可行的方法,为双束重建前交叉韧带手术中的骨道定位提供理论依据。方法 解剖20例新鲜膝关节标本（25~45岁）。在屈膝90°位,测量前交叉韧带后外束股骨止点中心点距股骨髁间窝外侧壁前方、后方和下方软骨缘的距离,再对测量数据进行评估和对比。结果前交叉韧带后外束股骨止点中心点距离股骨前方软骨缘(8.74±1.39)mm,距离后方软骨缘(8.69±1.57)mm（P =0.926）。后外束止点中心点距离股骨下方软骨缘(5.06±0.77)mm。结论膝关节屈膝90°位时,前交叉韧带后外束的股骨止点中心点位于股骨髁间窝外侧壁,距离下方软骨缘5mm,距离前方和后方软骨缘的距离相等。在前交叉韧带双束重建的手术中,应用本研究的结果能够简单、快捷地确定前交叉韧带后外束股骨骨道位置。     

早期手术治疗急性创伤性髌骨脱位疗效分析

目的探讨早期手术治疗急性创伤性髌骨脱位的效果。方法对22例急性创伤性髌骨脱位患者行关节镜下内侧髌骨股骨韧带（MPFL）修补或重建,同时部分病例行关节镜下髌外侧支持带松解和（或）胫骨结节内移截骨。结果术后平均随访25.5个月,术后所有病例均未出现髌骨再次脱位,无髌骨错动或半脱位。患者主观Kujala评分、Lysholm评分、Tegner运动等级评分与受伤前比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论早期手术治疗急性创伤性髌骨脱位能够明显改善髌骨稳定性,患者的术后主观评分和运动等级均能够达到受伤前水平,对于患者术后膝关节功能和运动水平的恢复有积极的作用。     

腘窝后正中短横切口应用带线锚钉固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

目的观察通过腘窝短横切口应用锚钉双排固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的临床疗效。方法本组15例,手术沿腘横纹处短横切口3~5cm,自腓肠肌内侧头与腘神经血管束间隙进入,显露骨折,复位后应用锚钉双排固定。分别记录手术时间、出血量、并发症、骨折愈合情况及终末随访膝关节功能评分。结果手术时间28~50分钟,平均39分钟,平均出血量8m L,无神经血管损伤,骨折均愈合,平均愈合时间12周,膝关节稳定性良好,Lysholm评分平均94.7分。结论腘窝短横切口微创、直接、安全,双排锚钉固定撕脱骨折片坚实可靠,配合早期功能锻炼能够取得良好的临床疗效。