24例阴道肿瘤的B超诊断

目的 通过对24例阴道肿瘤患者的B超声像图分析，总结B超诊断阴道肿瘤的方法。方法 收集24例1995～2002年，我院门诊及住院患者的病史资料及声像图，结合病理结果分析声像图特征，并与病理加以对照。结果 24例患者声像图表现为囊性、实质性、囊实性肿瘤。结论 通过对声像图的分析，探讨了B超诊断阴道肿瘤的可行性、声像图特征及该方法的局限性。     

超声观察银屑病中医分型的血管变化研究

目的　探讨银屑病中医分型皮损处与正常皮肤处血管血流的变化情况。方法　将 3 0例寻常型斑片状银屑病按中医辨证分型 ,超声观察患者正常皮肤处及皮损处浅层动脉血管、静脉血管血流情况。结果　“血热型”皮损处及正常皮肤处动脉血管增大、扩张、血流加快 ;“血瘀型”及“血燥型”未发现异常。结论　银屑病动脉血管及静脉血管增大、扩张、血流加快与中医分型“血热型”密切相关 ,这些将有助于临床根据中医分型进行辨证施治     

Drug Delivery by Phonophoresis

Phonophoresis is defined as the migration of drug molecules, contained in a contact agent, through the skin under the influence of ultrasound. Several drugs have been introduced into the body by this technique. The design of a phonophoretic drug delivery system is in developmental stages in various research laboratories. Parameters affecting the delivery of drugs by this technique and devices available for drug delivery purposes are discussed in this review.     

Schistosoma mansoni infection in a recently exposed community in Senegal: lack of correlation between liver morphology in ultrasound and connective tissue metabolites in serum

Summary Four hundred and seventy villagers of Ndombo, a village with recently established intensive transmission of Schistosoma mansoni in the Senegal River Basin, were enrolled in a study with the intention to assess hepatosplenic morbidity. All patients were examined parasitologically and by ultrasound. Hepatic fibrosis serum markers were determined in 153 adult patients (aminoterminal propeptide of procollagen type III, hyaluronan and laminin). By ultrasound, about 60% of the patients showed early stages of hepatic involvement, 3% of the patients unequivocally showed severe hepatosplenic pathology (grade 3 according to the Managil classification), whereas in another study performed in the same village 3 years earlier, no patients with severe hepatosplenic pathology had been found. No correlation between the aminoterminal propeptide of procollagen type III, hyaluronan or laminin and the ultrasound findings could be established. These hepatic fibrosis serum markers do not seem to be a sensitive method to detect early hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis.     

Velocity profiles in the ascending aorta in pigs: Axial development and influence of changes in left ventricular contraction pattern

Summary Earlier studies using hot-film anemometry in pigs have revealed skewed tangentially rotating velocity profiles in the ascending aorta during systole. The reason for this phenomenon has been postulated to be caused by the left ventricular contraction pattern. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the left ventricular contraction pattern on the velocity fields in the ascending aorta of pigs. We used a 10 MHz perivascular pulsed Doppler ultrasound system to measure point blood velocities at two axial locations over the entire cross sectional area in the ascending aorta of 90 kg pigs. The axial component of the velocity profiles was visualized dynamically by computerized 3-dimensional animation techniques. Changing left ventricular contraction patterns were accomplished by reversible occlusion of either the left anterior descending or right posterior descending coronary artery. The axial development of the systolic rotating and skewed velocity profiles in the ascending aorta was described. The appearance of the systolic velocity profiles were virtually unaffected by changes in left ventricular contraction pattern.This study was kindly supported by The Danish Heart Foundation, Civilingeniør Frode Nyegaard og Hustru's Fond and NOVO's Forskningsfond     

高血压病患者左心室舒张功能新指标测定

目的观察左心室舒张功能新指标测定的意义。方法应用脉冲多普勒技术测定高血压病Ⅰ期（20例）、高血压病伴左心室肥厚（22例）、高血压病伴有房颤（14例）及25例正常人二尖瓣口及瓣下1cm、2cm、3cm左心室内不同部位的舒张早期充盈速度（E0、E1、E2、E3），计算E1／E0、E2／E0、E3／E0比值。结果高血压病人E3显著降低，E3／E0与自身E2／E0相比有显著差异（P＜0．01），且E3／E0与常规测定舒张功能指标E／A法有良好的相关性。高血压病Ⅱ组与高血压病Ⅰ组相比，舒张功能障碍更为明显。结论高血压病早期即有左心室舒张功能减退，并出现于心室功能障碍之前，且左心室舒张功能减退随心肌受损加重而明显。E3／E0法是反映左心室舒张功能障碍的良好指标，可弥补E／A法的不足。     

基于多模态超声的颈动脉斑块致前循环卒中的风险分层研究

目的 探讨颈动脉斑块患者发生前循环缺血性卒中的临床及多模态超声(multimodal ultrasound, MMU)影响因素,构建基于超微血流成像技术(superb microvascular imaging, SMI)的风险分层预测模型。方法 回顾性分析颈动脉斑块患者683例,根据临床表现和多层螺旋电子计算机断层扫描(computed tomography, CT)/核磁共振扫描(magnetic resonance imaging, MRI),分为前循环卒中组(n=301)和非前循环卒中组(n=382)。收集患者颈动脉斑块的MMU特征、临床和实验室检查数据,采用多因素二元Logistic回归分析筛选出前循环缺血性卒中的影响因素。构建列线图风险预测模型,进行模型验证与风险分层。结果 前循环卒中组和非前循环卒中组年龄、体重指数(body mass index, BMI)、饮酒史、吸烟史、脑梗死既往史、高血压、糖尿病、低密度脂蛋白(low-density lipoprotein, LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(high-density lipoprotein, HDL)、同型半胱氨酸(hom...     

彩色多普勒超声对感染性休克患者急性肾损伤的预测价值

背景 感染性休克患者存在肾脏血液灌注异常,严重时可诱发急性肾损伤(AKI),严重威胁患者生命安全;彩色多普勒超声(CDU)可用于评估肾脏血流变化,但有关其在感染性休克患者AKI评估中价值的研究较少。目的 通过CDU评价感染性休克患者AKI的发生情况及其血流动力学改变。方法 选取2019年6月至2021年7月徐州市中心医院收治的105例确诊为感染性休克的患者并纳入感染组,选取同期健康体检者58例并纳入对照组,收集受试者一般资料。采用CDU检查受试者肾脏血流动力学指标[肾动脉管腔内径(D)、收缩期血流峰值速度(Vs)、舒张末期血流速度(Vd)、阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)],比较感染组与对照组的一般资料及肾脏血流动力学指标。根据感染组患者入院72 h内发生AKI与否将其分为AKI组及非AKI组,比较AKI组与非AKI组肾脏血流动力学指标。应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析肾脏血流动力学指标对感染性休克患者发生AKI的预测价值。应用单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析探讨感染性休克患者发生AKI的影响因素。以AKI由轻到重的程度将患者分为AKIⅠ组、AKIⅡ组、AKIⅢ组,比较...     

Acute effects of acetazolamide on cerbral blood flow in man

We have followed the time course of the effect of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide injected i. v. in unanesthetized healthy human beings. The dose administered was 500 mg as a bolus. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured continuously before, during and after the injection, using a pulsed ultrasound doppler system, which measured the instantaneous mean velocity across the lumen of the internal carotid artery, just below its entrance into the skull. Ventilation, heart-rate, end-expiratory PCO₂- arterial PCO₂, pH and systemic blood pressure was also measured. We found that acetazolamide caused a rise in CBF which could be detected as early as 2 min after the injection. A maximal average response of 75% increase in CBF was seen after 25 min. The half-time of the declining phase of the response was 95 min. There were no systematic differences in the CO₂ reactivities, given as ACBF/ΔPACO₂ in % of CBF at normocapnia, before and after acetazolamide injection, regardless of the absolute PACO₂ level. The present dose of the drug caused no change in ventilation, alveolar and arterial PCO₂ or in arterial blood pH indicating that the carbonic anhydrase was not fully inhibited. Our observations show that acetazolamide nevertheless caused a rapid vasodilation in the brain and over a wide range of PCO₂′s. We suggest that this agent has a local vasodilator effect on the cerebral arterioles, unrelated to its specific effects as a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.     

Cost-effectiveness of fine-needle-aspiration cytology of thyroid nodules with intranodular vascular pattern using two different needle types

Objective: To compare the cytological findings of hypoechoic thyroid nodules with intranodular vascular pattern (pattern II) obtained by two different needles (Neolus 25 gauge, Chemil, Wenzhou, China vs Yale Spinal 25 gauge, Becton Dickinson, Madrid, Spain) in euthyroid patients and to evaluate their cost-effectiveness. Methods: From January 2001 to December 2003, 480 euthyroid patients with a hypoechoic thyroid nodule pattern II were referred for US-FNAC. The nodules were alternatively evaluated by Neolus or by Yale Spinal with the stylet (YS+) or without the stylet (YS−), in order to evaluate if the cytological results could be due to the presence of the stylet or to the different length of the two needles. For each nodule two passes were performed and the material was obtained by capillary action. Material was smeared on slides, fixed, and stained by Papanicolaou techniques. Cytological specimens were evaluated in blind by the same experienced cytopathologist. Results: Inadequate cytological specimens because of blood contamination were present in 30 (18.7%) samples by Neolus needle and in 22 (13.8%) by YS− compared to only 5 (3.1%) by YS+. In 6 (20%) cases of the 30 repeated US-FNAC by Neolus and in 4 (18%) of the 22 US-FNAC by YS−, material remained inadequate for diagnosis because of blood contamination. All the five repeated samples obtained by YS+ became adequate for diagnosis and resulted benign nodules. Direct costs of US-FNAC procedure are currently Э 72.30 including cytological examination. The cost of Neolus and Yale needles is Э 0.19 and Э 3.0, respectively. The estimated total cost to obtain a cytological diagnosis by a Neolus needle (160 + 30 repeated US-FNAC) was Э 13809.2 vs Э 12919.5 by Yale Spinal needle (160 + 5 repeated US-FNAC). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the use of Yale Spinal needles greatly reduces inadequate cytological specimens, and therefore limits both direct and indirect costs.