磁共振弥散加权成像DWI及动态增强扫描诊断前列腺癌的价值探讨

目的 研究分析磁共振弥散加权成像DWI及动态增强扫描对前列腺癌患者的诊断价值.方法 选择我院收治的经病理学检查确诊为前列腺癌的患者40例作为研究对象,对所有患者进行磁共振弥散加权成像DWI检查及动态增强扫描,并与病理学检查结果对比,分析其临床诊断效果.结果 前列腺癌患者的ADC为（0.81±0.09）,最大强化率为（138.98±36.34）,1 min强化率为（132.87±35.35）,2 min强化率为（133.09±41.21）,流出分数为（17.72±7.88）.与病理学检查诊断结果对比,2种检查方法对前列腺癌的检出率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 使用磁共振弥散加权成像DWI及动态增强扫描诊断前列腺癌效果较为理想,与病理学诊断较为接近,可以在临床上推广应用.     

多模态磁共振成像在乳腺癌诊断中的应用价值

目的 应用多模态MRI包括弥散加权成像和动态增强扫描（DCE-MRI）对乳腺癌患者的检测，分析其MRI相关影像特征，探讨其对该病诊断的准确性。方法 回顾分析2012年1月至2016年8月于安徽医科大学第一附属医院术前行MRI检查和术后病理或穿刺活检证实的16例乳腺癌女性患者多模态MRI数据资料，统计分析表观弥散系数（ADC）、相对表观弥散系数（rADC）值及动态时间信号强度曲线图像（TIC）。结果 16例患者MRI显示病灶多见分叶（75.00%）、毛刺（75.00%），边界不清（81.25%）。ADC值为（0.92±0.19）×10^-3 mm²/s，rADC为（0.56±0.13）×10^-3 mm²/s。TIC：Ⅱ型4例（25.00%），Ⅲ型12例（75.00%），无符合Ⅰ型的病例。结论 多模态MRI用于乳腺癌的检查，结合病变形态学改变、DCE-MRI的TIC曲线形态和ADC值，可以提高乳腺癌的诊断正确率。     

Jugular Venous Flow Quantification Using Doppler Sonography

A consensus on venous flow quantification using echo spectral Doppler sonography is lacking. Doppler sonography data from 83 healthy individuals were examined using manually traced transverse cross-sectional area and diameter-derived cross-sectional area obtained in longitudinal view measurements of the internal jugular vein. Time-averaged velocity over a 4-s interval was obtained in the longitudinal plane using manual tracing of the waveform. Manual and computer-generated blood flow volume calculations were also obtained for the common carotid artery, for accuracy purposes. No differences were detected between semi-automated and manual blood flow volume calculations for the common carotid artery. The manual calculation method resulted in almost twofold larger venous internal jugular vein flow measurements compared with the semi-automated method. Doppler sonography equipment does not provide accurate automated calculation of venous size and blood flow. Until further technological development occurs, manual calculation of venous blood flow is warranted.     

Impaired cerebral vasoreactivity in white coat hypertensive adolescents

Background and purpose: Although its incidence is not high, adolescent hypertension may predict hypertension and increased cardiovascular risk in adulthood. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess whether cerebrovascular reactivity is altered in adolescent white coat and sustained hypertensive patients compared to healthy teenagers. Methods: Fifty‐nine normotensive, 47 white coat hypertensive (WCH), and 73 sustained hypertensive (SH) adolescents were studied. WCH and SH were differentiated by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Cerebrovascular reactivity was assessed by transcranial Doppler breath‐holding test and was expressed in percent (%) change to the resting cerebral blood flow velocity value. Results: The percent increase in middle cerebral artery mean blood flow velocity after 30 s of breath holding was lower in both WCH (5.3 ± 3.1%) and SH (9.5 ± 2.6%) groups indicating lower vasodilatory reactivity compared to healthy adolescents (12.1 ± 2.2%). Additionally, serum nitric oxide (NOx) concentrations were lower in both WCH (30.6 ± 11 μM) and SH (30.7 ± 22.4 μM) groups compared to controls (38.8 ± 7.6 μM). Conclusions: Both white coat and sustained hypertension result in decreased vasodilatory reaction to CO₂ in adolescents, suggesting involvement of the cerebral arterioles. The present study underlines the importance of early recognition and proper treatment of adolescent hypertension in order to prevent long‐term cardiovascular complications.     

Ultrasound Phantom Using Sodium Alginate as a Gelling Agent

For medical workers, ultrasound phantoms for human soft tissue are used not only for accuracy management of ultrasound diagnosis but also to aid ultrasound‐guided needle and blind catheter insertion training without risk to real patients. For the phantoms, ultrasound characteristics and a texture are required to mimic the human soft tissue. The proposed phantom was composed of sodium alginate, calcium sulfate dihydrate, trisodium phosphate 12‐hydrate, glycerol, and water. The propagation speed, attenuation coefficient, acoustic impedance, and texture of the proposed phantom were almost the same as those of human soft tissue. Expensive chemicals and special equipment are not required.