Morphine-induced suppression of saccharin intake is correlated with elevated corticosterone levels

Rats suppress intake of a saccharin conditioned stimulus (CS) when paired with a drug of abuse. This phenomenon, however, is not uniform across all subjects and is greater following exposure to stress and in animals that more readily self-administer drugs of abuse. The present study was designed to examine these individual differences in intake suppression following seven saccharin-morphine pairings. Plasma corticosterone also was evaluated both before and after conditioning in order to determine whether the magnitude of CS suppression is, or is not, related to circulating corticosterone levels. The findings indicated that, while all rats were exposed to the same number of saccharin-morphine pairings, only half of these animals actually suppressed intake of the saccharin CS. Moreover, the results showed that greater suppression of CS intake was associated with higher corticosterone levels at test (r=-0.84, P<0.0001). Taken together, the results demonstrate that individual differences affect not only the reduction in CS intake following taste-drug pairings, but also the associated cue-induced elevation in circulating corticosterone.     

CT影像与X线影像对肺结核疗程判定的对比分析

目的探讨CT影像在肺结核疗程中的诊断价值。方法选择继发型肺结核和胸膜炎者127例,在标准疗程结束时做影像检查,根据CT结果延长疗程3个月至1年不等,全疗程结束时作胸片及CT对比。结果X线显示可以结束疗程者,经CT检查病变仍有活动性者65例。结论CT检查对肺结核痊愈期判定明显优于X光片。     

快速动态增强磁共振成像在眼眶占位性病变中的诊断价值

目的探讨快速动态增强磁共振成像(MRI)在眼眶占位性病变诊断中的价值。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象21例眼眶占位性病例。方法患者眼眶占位性病变均行MRI快速动态增强扫描并得到病理证实。原始数据经GE Functool软件后处理,对时间信号强度曲线(TIC)、峰值时间、1分钟强化率及最大强化率等进行分析。主要指标时间信号强度曲线,1分钟强化率,最大强化率。结果眼眶良、恶性占位性病变的时间信号强度曲线有各自特点,16例良性病变中12例表现为持续升高型,5例恶性肿瘤中3例淋巴瘤均为平台型;恶性肿瘤的1分钟强化率(150.47±42.18)大于良性病变(1 01.37±43.02)(P=0.021);海绵状血管瘤有特殊的充填式强化模式。结论MRI快速动态增强检查有助于眼眶良、恶性占位性病变的诊断和鉴别诊断。(眼科,2007,16:305-308)     

相位对比电影MR成像评估婴幼儿脑血流特点

目的 采用相位对比电影MR成像(PC cine MRI)观察婴幼儿颈内动脉(ICA)血流动力学特点,评估脑血流量(CBF).方法 对37例婴幼儿行MR检查,以多个编码流速度PC cine MR序列测量ICA峰值流速(Vp)及血流量,计算单位体积CBF.采用Pea rson线性相关分析观察周龄与ICA Vp、ICA血流量...     

Contrast Enhancement of the Normal Infundibular Recess Using Heavily T2-weighted 3D FLAIR

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate contrast enhancement of the infundibular recess in the normal state using heavily T2-weighted 3D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) (HT2-FLAIR).Methods: Twenty-six patients were retrospectively recruited. We subjectively assessed overall contrast enhancement of the infundibular recess between postcontrast, 4-hour (4-h) delayed postcontrast, and precontrast HT2-FLAIR images. We also objectively conducted chronological and spatial comparisons by measuring the signal intensity (SI) ratio (SIR). Chronological comparisons were performed by comparing SI of the infundibular recess/SI of the midbrain (SIR_IR-MB). Spatial comparisons were conducted by comparing SI on postcontrast HT2-FLAIR/SI on precontrast HT2-FLAIR (SIR_Post-Pre) of the infundibular recess with that of other cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces, including the superior part of the third ventricle, lateral ventricles, fourth ventricle, and interpeduncular cistern.Results: In the subjective analysis, all cases showed contrast enhancement of the infundibular recess on both postcontrast and 4-h delayed postcontrast HT2-FLAIR, and showed weaker contrast enhancement of the infundibular recess on 4-h delayed postcontrast HT2-FLAIR than on postcontrast HT2-FLAIR. In the objective analysis, SIR_IR-MB was the highest on postcontrast images, followed by 4-h delayed postcontrast images. SIR_Post-Pre was significantly higher in the infundibular recess than in the other CSF spaces.Conclusion: The present results demonstrated that the infundibular recess was enhanced on HT2-FLAIR after an intravenous gadolinium injection. The infundibular recess may be a potential source of the leakage of intravenously administered gadolinium into the CSF.     

听障儿童声母音位对比识别康复训练内容的编制研究

目的 设计一套科学、系统、可操作的声母音位对比康复训练内容.方法 本实验选取26名听障儿童进行测试,筛选符合听障儿童声母音位对比识别发展规律的康复内容.结果 研究将康复训练内容分为强化内容和拓展内容.经筛选,各强化内容难度适中,通过率均高于90%.结论 本研究制订的康复训练内容共包括87对音位对,312对强化内容,单音节词语316个,拓展短句106句.其中,强化内容占常用声韵组合的62%,韵母的出现频率与<声学手册>中所统计的汉语语音韵母的出现频率基本一致.     

Advances in Myocardial Perfusion MR Imaging: Physiological Implications,the Importance of Quantitative Analysis,and Impact on Patient Care in Coronary Artery Disease

Stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is the preferred test in patients with intermediate-to-high clinical likelihood of coronary artery disease (CAD) and can be used as a gatekeeper to avoid unnecessary revascularization. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has a number of favorable characteristics, including: (1) high spatial resolution that can delineate subendocardial ischemia; (2) comprehensive assessment of morphology, global and regional cardiac functions, tissue characterization, and coronary artery stenosis; and (3) no radiation exposure to patients. According to meta-analysis studies, the diagnostic accuracy of perfusion CMR is comparable to positron emission tomography (PET) and perfusion CT, and is better than single-photon emission CT (SPECT) when fractional flow reserve (FFR) is used as a reference standard. In addition, stress CMR has an excellent prognostic value. One meta-analysis study demonstrated the annual event rate of cardiovascular death or non-fatal myocardial infarction was 4.9% and 0.8%, respectively, in patients with positive and negative stress CMR. Quantitative assessment of perfusion CMR not only allows the objective evaluation of regional ischemia but also provides insights into the pathophysiology of microvascular disease and diffuse subclinical atherosclerosis. For accurate quantification of myocardial perfusion, saturation correction of arterial input function is important. There are two major approaches for saturation correction, one is a dual-bolus method and the other is a dual-sequence method. Absolute quantitative mapping with myocardial perfusion CMR has good accuracy in detecting coronary microvascular dysfunction. Flow measurement in the coronary sinus (CS) with phase contrast cine CMR is an alternative approach to quantify global coronary flow reserve (CFR). The measurement of global CFR by quantitative analysis of perfusion CMR or flow measurement in the CS permits assessment of microvascular disease and diffuse subclinical atherosclerosis, which may provide improved prediction of future event risk in patients with suspected or known CAD. Multi-institutional studies to validate the diagnostic and prognostic values of quantitative perfusion CMR approaches are required.     

96例胆道滴注法造影临床观察

目的　改变传统的胆道造影方法 ,采用滴注造影剂进行胆道造影 ,以达到胆道最佳造影。方法　常规消毒T管 ,用 9号Y形穿刺针穿刺入T管 ,缓慢滴入 38%泛影葡胺以显影胆道。结果　 96例胆道显影良好 ,其中 3例提示总胆管下端残余结石 ,拔T管后经窦道胆镜下取石成功 ,2例为气体所致假结石阴影 ,经生理盐水冲洗后再造影即消失。结论　低流量滴注造影剂能较理想显影胆道 ,并容易发现结石 ,而且方法简单 ,对病人刺激轻微 ,不失为一种胆道造影的好方法     

3D-pCASL和DCE-MRI定量评价烟雾病侧支循环和血管通透性的初步应用

目的 探讨磁共振三维假持续性脉冲自旋标记成像(3D-pCASL)和磁共振动态增强(DCE-MRI)评价烟雾病脑血流侧支循环和血管通透性的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析17例同时进行了常规MRI、3D-pCASL和DCE-MRI检查,并经DSA和/或3D MRA确诊的烟雾病患者资料.选取基底节层面,按照大脑前、中、后动脉供血分布范围,分为10个分区,利用3D-pCASL的血流标记图对10个分区的侧支循环进行评分(0、1、2和3分),并相应分为0,1,2和3组;利用3D-pCASL脑血流图分别计算相应分区的脑血流量(CBF)值;DCE-MRI按照相同选层和分区方法,测定血管容积交换常数(Ktrans)值;对0～3组CBF测值行单因素方差分析,Bonferoni法进行组间两两比较;对Ktrans行Kruskal-WallisH检验(P＜0.01差异有统计学意义).结果 CBF组内差异有统计学意义(F=27.248,P＜0.001),0～3组CBF值分别为32.7 ±10.68、39.11±15.13、57.08±13.99和54.84±15.45 ml·100g-1·min-1,两两比较,除0和1组以及2和3组间差异无统计学意义外,其他组间差异均有统计学意义(所有P ＜0.001);Ktrans组间比较差异无统计学意义(x2 =3.128,P=0.372),0～3组Ktrans值分别为0.021(0.007,0.028),0.019(0.014,0.038),0.020(0.009,039)和0.024 (0.020,0.038),但其中2例合并亚急性梗死的3个分区和1例合并短暂性缺血发作的患者4个分区Ktrans较其他分区增高.结论 运用3D-pCASL和DCE-MRI可定量评价烟雾病脑血流灌注和血管通透性.     

轻、中度缺氧应激时亮度对比度对脑认知功能的影响

目的 选出轻、中度缺氧条件下最佳亮度对比度值。方法 １４名受试者在地面及１５００ｍ、３０００ｍ、５０００ｍ在模拟高度（吸低氧混合气体）分别进行５种不同亮度对比度（８：１、１０：１、１２：１、１４：１、１６：１）的视觉Ｏｄｄｂａｌｌ测试,记录脑电图（ＥＥＧ）及反应时,ＥＥＧ经叠加平均处理提取出脑事件相关电位（ＥＲＰ）中的Ｐ３潜时。以Ｐ３潜时和ＲＴ为主要指标评定脑认知能力。采用两因素析因分析及统计学处理。结果 在地面及１５００ｍ,五个亮度对比度的视觉Ｏｄｄｂａｌｌ任务的Ｐ３潜时及ＲＴ无明显差别,在３０００ｍ、５０００ｍ,１４：１及１６：１两个对比度的Ｐ３潜时及ＲＴ明显短于其它对比度的Ｐ３潜时和ＲＴ,其中对比度为１４：１及１６：１两上对比度的Ｐ３潜时及ＲＴ最短。结论 在３０００ｍ及５０００ｍ高度中度缺氧条件下,对比度