目标导向肾脏替代疗法治疗心脏术后急性肾损伤

目的 比较目标导向肾脏替代疗法(GDRRT)与每日高容量血液滤过(dHVHF)治疗心脏手术后急性肾损伤(AKI)的疗效及其安全性.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月至2010年9月128例心脏手术后发生AKI,并接受肾脏替代治疗(RRT)患者的临床资料,比较GDRRT与dHVHF后的临床转归和不良事件发生率等.结果 GDRRT组(64例)和dHVHF组(64例)患者院内病死率均为43.75％;28 d病死率GDRRT组略低,但差异无统计学意义(43.75％比57.81％,P=0.055),dHVHF组住重症监护病房(ICU)时间(h)和机械通气时间(d)均明显长于GDRRT组[356.5(176.3,554.6)比238.3(119.6,440.9),P=0.023;8.0(5.0,16.0)比6.0(3.0,13.5),P=0.042].两组住院时间无明显差异.采用logistic多因素回归分析校正混杂因素后,GDRRT组肾功能完全恢复率显著高于dHVHF组(39.1％比18.8％,P＜0.01);肾功能部分恢复率低于dHVHF组,但差异无统计学意义(3.1％比9.4％,P＞0.05).dHVHF组RRT治疗期间血肌酐(SCr)最高值及出院时SCr值均显著高于GDRRT组(μmol/L:最高值559.0±236.0比440.4±192.0,出院值381.4±267.0比271.2±164.4,均P＜0.01).RRT治疗72 h内GDRRT组和dHVHF组低血压发生率、平均动脉压(mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)差异无统计学意义(35.9％比37.5％,82±13比81±15,均P＞0.05);dHVHF组心动过速及凝血事件发生率高于GDRRT组(78.1％比59.4％,35.9％比20.3％,均P＜0.05).dHVHF组住院期间治疗费用(万元)明显高于GDRRT组(1.500±0.280比0.985±0.300,P＜0.01).结论 GDRRT治疗心脏术后AKI安全有效,短期生存率及安全性与dHVHF相近,而在改善肾脏预后方面的作用 及降低治疗费用均优于dHVHF.     

Stable mixed acidemia in anesthetized pigs--a model for research on biocompatibility of hemofilters under a deteriorated acid-base balance

In recent years, acidosis has been of growing interest in intensive care medicine. Most animal models only provide a short-term investigation of the effects of acidosis. They are not suitable for research on interactions with extracorporeal organ support (here continuous venovenous hemofiltration, CVVH). The rationale for this study was to establish a porcine model of prolonged mixed acidemia, which is suitable for research on the interactions of acidemia and CVVH. After the induction of anesthesia in pigs (40 kg), acidemia was induced and maintained in one group with a bolus of 0.4 mol/L lactic acid followed by continuous infusion and a reduced respiratory frequency (lactic acid-group, n = 4). In another group, mixed acidemia was induced with a 0.4 mol/L acid solution (lactic and hydrochloric acid) and low tidal volume ventilation (mixed acidemia-group, n = 8). To get first proof of the model's suitability to operate over an extracorporeal circuit, CVVH was additionally performed in seven pigs (mixed acidemia/CVVH-group, n = 7). The target for the pH was 7.19-7.24. The targeted pH was constantly missed in the lactic acid group, whereas it was successfully maintained for 3.5 h in four out of eight pigs of the mixed acidemia group, and in five out of seven pigs of the mixed acidemia/CVVH group. The CVVH was performed successfully for 3 h in all pigs of the respective group. The mixed acidemia model was sufficient to maintain a low pH within a narrow range for some hours and enabled research on hemofilters in vivo.     

连续性血液净化救治合并急性肾衰的老年多脏器功能衰竭

目的　探讨连续性血液净化 (CBP)在合并急性肾衰的老年多脏器功能衰竭 (MOFE)救治中的应用及其对预后的影响。方法　 2 0 0 1年 11月至 2 0 0 3年 8月应用CBP治疗合并急性肾功能衰竭的MOFE 5 1例 ,采用德国FreseniusADM0 8TM/ABMTM肾脏替代治疗床边机 ,4 1例行连续性静脉至静脉血液滤过 (CVVH) ,10例行连续性动脉至静脉血液滤过 (CAVH) ,每次治疗时间 8～ 4 9小时 ,39例高分解代谢者 ,再转换连续性静脉至静脉血液透析(CVVHD)或连续性动脉至静脉血液透析 (CAVHD) 2～ 4小时 ,12例予连续性高容量血液滤过 (CHVHF)。结果　 37例 (72 .5 % )死亡 ,14例 (2 7.5 % )摆脱MOFE而存活 ;死亡组患者在停止CBP时平均尿素氮 (BUN)、血肌酐 (SCr)、中心静脉压 (CVP)、平均动脉压 (MAP)、动脉氧分压 (PaO2 )均较CBP前显著改善 (P <0 .0 1) ;衰竭代偿期患者病死率(4 /10 )与衰竭失代偿期患者病死率 (33/41)比较 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;采用CHVHF患者存活率显著高于非CHVHF患者 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　CBP是治疗合并肾功能衰竭的MOFE的有效手段 ,能降低病死率 ,改善预后 ;CBP开始治疗越早 ,效果越好 ;CHVHF更有利于提高存活率     

连续静脉-静脉血液滤过对多脏器功能障碍综合征血流动力学的影响

目的 :探讨连续静脉 静脉血液滤过对多脏器功能障碍综合征 (MODS)患者血流动力学的影响。方法 :选择MODS患者 19例 ,应用连续静脉 静脉血液滤过 (CVVH)进行治疗 ,治疗期间用Swan Ganz漂浮导管监测血流动力学变化。结果 :与CVVH前比较 ,CVVH治疗后 ,体血管阻力指数明显改善 ,平均动脉压回升 ,心率下降 ,肺动脉楔压也明显降低。结论 :CVVH可改善MODS患者的全身血流动力学状况 ,提高患者的氧供 ,但对氧摄取率无明显影响