Isolation and characterization of growth hormone from a marine fish,bonito (Katsuwonus pelamis)

Growth hormone (GH) was extracted under alkaline conditions (pH 10) from pituitary glands (6.3 g) of bonito (Katsuwonus pelamis), and subsequently purified by gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography, and reversed-phase HPLC. The GH was monitored by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and by immunoblotting with yellowtail GH antiserum at each step of purification. GH activity was determined by an in vivo bioassay. The yield of this hormone was 4.8mg/g wet tissue. Intraperitoneal injection of bonito GH at doses of 0.1 and 1 μg/g body wt at 7-day intervals resulted in a significant increase in body weight and length of juvenile rainbow trout. Bonito GH antiserum exhibited both species and hormone specificity in radioimmunoassay. However, the bonito GH antiserum as well as yellowtail GH antiserum exhibited hormone specificity but not species specificity in immunoblotting. A molecular weight of 21 000 and an isoelectric point of 7.0 for bonito GH were estimated by SDS-PAGE and gel electrofocusing, respectively. The complete amino acid sequence of 185 residues was determined by sequencing fragment peptides prepared by chemical and enzymatic cleavages. Sequence comparison of bonito GH with other GHs revealed that there is a significant deletion in the middle of the molecule.     

近现代执业中医师资格认定制度的对比研究

近代于1943年国民政府规定了中医师资格检核制度;现代为1998年全国人大常委会确定我国的医师资格认定制度.二者比较,近现代执业中医师资格认定的名称与程序有所不同,中医师考试的意义不同,中医执业注册的程序也不同.通过对比研究,综合历史经验,建议:实行初审制度,合理把握考核评定关,全科医生、专科医生、一技之长分别对待.     

血清胆红素3种测定方法的比较

目的 选择测定血清胆红家的最佳方法。方法 用重氮酸盐法、钒酸盐氧化法、胆红素氧化酶法对血清总胆红素(TBI)和直接胆红素(DBI)分别进行测定并比较。结果 3种方法重复性试验批内变异和批间变异分别小于3．0％和5．0％；回收率均小于5．0％；重氮法和钒酸盐法测定TBI的线性范围为0-700μmol／L，氧化酶法为0-550μmol/L；3种方法测定DDI的线性范围为0-400μmol/L；3种方法测定TBI、DBI，每2种方法之间具有高度相关性。结论 钒酸盐法与氧化酶法、重氮酸盐法相比，测定TBI和DBI具有检测范围大，抗干扰能力强等特点，更适合于临床常规检测。     

阻塞性黄疸病人手术时不同麻醉方法的应用

目的研究不同的麻醉方法在阻塞性黄疸病人术中对血压（BP）、心率（HR）的影响。方法将40例阻塞性黄疸手术病人随机分为E组（硬膜外阻滞组）、T组（气管内全麻组）和E＋T组（硬膜外阻滞＋气管内全麻组）。用Datex监测仪监测BP、HR，观察3组病人术中循环变化及术后苏醒时间。结果3组病人在术中BP、HR变化有所不同。E组病人麻醉中BP波动剧烈，且对升压药（麻黄碱）作用不敏感，须改用多巴胺静滴；HR在牵拉时下降至60次·min^-1以下占91.7％，给予阿托品后即可回升。T组病人麻醉后BP、HR与E组相比较为平稳，尤以术中给予一般升压药后即可回升，但少数病人术后苏醒延迟。E＋T组病人术中BP、HR较为平稳，且无麻醉术后苏醒延迟。结论 经3种麻醉方法比较，E＋T复合麻醉为阻塞性黄疸手术病人较为理想的选择。     

鼻咽癌动态和静态调强方式的剂量学比较

目的：探讨鼻咽癌动态调强方式（Sliding window）和静态调强方式（Step and shoot）2种调强方式的剂量学差异.方法：采用CADPLAN 6.4.7（helios） 治疗计划系统,对15例鼻咽癌需调强治疗的患者用Sliding window和Step and shoot 2种调强方式4种强度水平（Intensity Level）进行剂量学差异的比较.按强度水平分为SW、SSL10、SSL7、SSL5组.对4组的剂量学评估参数：PTV最大剂量（PTVDmax）、PTV平均剂量（PTVDmean）、PTV最小剂量（PTVDmin）、剂量体积直方图（DVH） 、适型指数（Conformity index,CI）、剂量不均匀性指数（Heterogeneity Index ,HI）、机器跳数（MU） 、子野数目（Segment）等数据进行评价.结果：（1）SW组PTV Dmax与SSL10、SSL7、SSL5组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,而SSL10、SSL7、SSL5组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,随着强度水平的降低,最大剂量增高;（2）SW组MU与 SSL10、SSL7、SSL5组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,而SSL10、SSL7、SSL5组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;（3）各组间Segment差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;（4）各组间CI比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;（5）各组间HI比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论：鼻咽癌不同调强方式和强度水平的治疗计划均能为临床提供较满意的剂量学分布,Sliding window方式略优于不同强度水平的Step and shoot方式,但MU和Segment较多.     

国外医疗保障模式的比较与启示

目前国际上主要的四种医疗保障模式为普遍医疗型、社会保险型、市场主导型和储蓄基金型。本文分别选取这四种模式的代表性国家英国、德国、美国和新加坡，介绍各国医疗保障体系的现状、存在问题以及改革发展的措施比较，以期对我国医疗保障制度的改革与完善有一定的启示。     

辽宁省沈阳、抚顺、铁岭三市中小学健康教育与健康促进状况比较

目的比较辽宁省人均国民生产总值处于高、中、低3种不同经济发展水平的城市之间城镇中小学的健康教育和健康促进的状况。方法采用不记名问卷法对500个中小学进行了问卷调查，回收问卷436份，回收率为87．2％。结果学校健康教育负责人中校长占35．1％，副校长占32．6％，学校校医占19．5％，健康教育任课教师占6．4％，其他占4．1％。经济发展水平最高的沈阳中小学校拥有健康教育的专职教师的比例最高达到56．7％，与抚顺、铁岭相比有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。且沈阳市任课教师接受定期培训的比例也最高，为55．1％，与抚顺、铁岭相比，有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论专职教师不足、任课教师缺乏定期培训是3个城市的共同问题。应该提高专职教师配备率，加强任课教师培训率，为中小学开好健康教育课提供保证。     

卫生事业发展状况的国际比较分析

依据世界银行和世界卫生组织的有关统计资料,对中国与世界其他人均收入水平相近的19个国家有关数据以及不同收入组国家平均数据进行了国际间横向比较分析,并针对其存在的主要问题,提出了优化中国卫生资源配置、促进卫生事业科学发展的政策建议。     

泰山产的3种丹参有效成分含量的分析比较

目的:分析比较泰山产的3种丹参根、茎、叶有效成分的含量.方法:应用RP-HPLC方法测定泰山产的3种丹参根、茎、叶部位中的总丹参酮、丹参酮ⅡA、丹参素、原儿茶醛含量,进行分析比较.结果:丹参根中脂溶性成分含量较多;丹参叶中丹参素的含量相对较高.结论:本分析方法稳定可靠,重现性好.     

Gastroscopic and pharmacokinetic evaluation of a new pivmecillinam tablet

Summary Three different pivmecillinam preparations, a conventional 200 mg tablet (P tablet) and two new formulations containing respectively pivmecillinam 200 mg and 400 mg plus Avicel^? (microcrystalline cellulose) as a disintegrator (PA tablet), were compared in vitro and in a gastroscopic study in 8 healthy volunteers. Disintegration of the PA tablet was significantly more rapid both in vitro and in the stomach. Following disintegration, the content of the PA tablet was spread over a larger area of the gastric mucosa (1088 mm²) than was observed with the P tablets (408 mm²). Three of the 8 volunteers taking the P tablet developed hyperaemia, interstitial bleeding or erosions of the mucosa of the stomach. No such reactions were seen with the PA tablets. Serum concentrations of mecillinam following ingestion of pivmecillinam tablets were determined in three groups of subjects; fasting volunteers, both supine and ambulant, and in ambulant subjects who took the preparation with a light meal. There was a tendency for the new PA tablets to produce a higher peak serum level as well as greater bioavailability of mecillinam. Administration of the PA tablets with a meal significantly increased the peak serum level and total bioavailability of the drug. On the basis of our observations we recommend adoption of the new PA tablet, because of its quick passage through the oesophagus and its more rapid and complete disintegration in the stomach.