Changes in volunteering among young old in the Netherlands between 1992 and 2002: the impact of religion, age-norms, and intergenerational transmission

The positive trend in volunteering among the Dutch young old may in part be due to a relatively favorable disposition to volunteer. Using data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, volunteering rates of 55–64 year olds in 1992 and 2002 were compared and associated with (among others) three types of dispositional factors: religious involvement, age-related engagement norms, and parental socialization. The recent cohort was less religiously involved, but more supportive of social engagement at older age, and more often had parents who volunteered, were religiously involved or higher educated. Multivariate analyses revealed that cohort differences were largely explained by cohort differences in educational level and religious involvement. It is concluded that their lower religious level suppresses the volunteering rate of the current young old. To compensate for the decline in religious young old, family and the broader society will become more important for stimulating volunteer work in the future.     

中国与日本护理本科生评判性思维能力的比较

目的对中国与日本护理本科生的评判性思维能力进行比较性研究.方法采用加利佛尼亚评判性思维倾向量表为研究工具.应用方便抽样法共抽取465名护理本科生为研究对象.结果中国及日本护理本科生的总得分平均为275.62 (s=22.70), 从总体上来说这两个国家护理本科生的评判性思维能力为中等水平,中国学生的评判性思维能力略高于日本学生,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05 ).结论评判性思维能力与教育体制及文化背景有一定的关系.     

贵州省2000～2004年脊灰阳性毒株检出率比较分析

目的 分析贵州省近年来人群中脊灰病毒变化趋势，探索疫苗衍生株脊髓灰质炎病毒循环（cVDPVs）发生的原因。方法 对贵州省2000—2004年急性弛缓性麻痹（AFP）病例及接触者粪便标本的脊灰病毒学检测结果进行对比分析。结果（1）脊灰病毒的阳性检出率波动在7．1％-15．9％之间，平均11．2％。（2）2000～2004年脊灰病毒的分离率和型别构成变化较大，Ⅰ型分离率和构成比逐年增高，至2003—2004年显著上升达高峰；Ⅱ型所占比例逐年降低，至2004年达最低；Ⅲ型稳步增高。（3）160株脊灰阳性毒株中，疫苗相关株146株（91．3％），疫苗变异株7株（占4．4％），疫苗衍生株（VDPVs）7株（4．4％），7株VDPVs均为2004年分离到，其中Ⅰ型VDPVs6株，Ⅱ型VDPVs1株。结论对脊灰病毒在人群中的变化趋势进行分析，可以预测VDFVs的发生和流行，可为提前采取控制措施提供依据。     

用SPSS实现完全随机设计多组比较秩和检验的多重比较

目的针对医学研究中常见的完全随机设计多组样本资料数据经Kruskal-WallisH检验后无法直接用SPSS实现各组多重比较的问题,给予用SPSS统计软件具体解决方案。方法根据资料特点和样本量大小,结合SPSS软件本身的一些特点,在SPSS中实现秩和检验的多重比较。结果对同一数据资料进行处理,所得结论基本相同。结论本文提供了用SPSS软件实现该种数据分析的详细过程,分析人员可结合不同的工作,采用统计软件正确地完成此类数据的分析工作。     

床旁检验血糖仪与生化分析仪血糖测定结果比对分析

目的对中山医院床旁检验（POCT）血糖仪与全自动生化分析仪血糖测定结果进行比对分析和偏倚评估,以保证血糖仪检测结果的一致性。方法参照《便携式葡萄糖仪血液葡萄糖测定指南》,采集肝素钠抗凝静脉血10份,血糖水平分布在3.20～25.81mmol/L。在POCT血糖仪和生化分析仪上重复测定3次,以生化仪为靶仪器,计算相对偏倚。结果 42台血糖仪中的38台与生化分析仪测定值相对偏倚在1%～13%,符合要求。结论通过对中山医院POCT血糖仪与生化分析仪血糖测定结果的比对和偏倚评估,评价血糖仪检测的准确性,以更好地规范医院床旁血糖仪的使用。     

The ecology of medical care: access points to the health care system in Austria and other developed countries

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the Austrian health care system using the ecology of care model. Our secondary aim was to compare data from Austria with those available from other countries.

Design: 3508 interviews employing a 30-item questionnaire related to the utilization of the health care system including demographic factors were conducted. Participants were chosen by a Random Digital Dialing procedure. Further, a literature review of studies of other countries use of the ecology of care model was conducted.

Main outcome measures: Austria has one of the highest utilization of health care services in any of the assessed categories. The comparison with the literature review shows that Austria has the highest utilization of specialists working in the outpatient sector as well as the highest hospitalization rates. Taiwan and Korea have comparable utilization patterns. Canada, Sweden, and Norway are countries with lower utilization patterns, and the U.S. and Japan are intermediate.

Conclusion: In Austria and similarly organized countries, high utilization of all health care services can be observed, in particular, the utilization of specialists and hospitalizations. The over-utilization of all levels of health care in Austria may be due to the lack of a clear demarcation line between the primary and secondary levels of care, and the presence of universal health coverage, which also allows for unrestricted and undirected access to all levels of care. Previous studies have shown that comparable countries lack the health benefits of a strong primary care system with its coordination function.

• Key points

• In Austria and similarly organized countries, there appears to be high utilization of health care in general, as well as with particular utilization of specialists and hospitalizations.

• The high utilization of all levels of care in Austria may be the result of competition, lack of a clear demarcation line between the primary and secondary level of care, and the presence of universal health coverage.

• Pathways between primary and secondary care should be strengthened as previous studies have shown that comparable countries lack the health benefits of strong primary care and its function for health care coordination.

     

两台仪器检测NT-proBNP结果比对分析

目的通过Cobas h232和Roche Elecsys E170测定N-末端前脑钠肽(NT-proBNP)的方法比对,探讨两台仪器间测定数据是否具有可比性和一致性。方法依据美国国家临床实验室标准委员会EP9-A2文件要求,对两台仪器检测结果进行比对和偏差评估。结果 Cobas h232与Roche Elecsys E170相比较,r2≥0.95,相对偏倚小于12.5%。结论两台仪器测定具有很好的相关性,结果具有可比性。     

Array-ELISA法和ECLIA法测定六项肿瘤标志物的比较研究

目的分析和评价6项肿瘤标志物测定试剂盒[微阵列酶联免疫法(Array-ELISA)]在肿瘤标志物检测中的应用价值。方法采用Array-ELISA和电化学发光免疫分析法(ECLIA)检测相同标本的6项临床常见肿瘤标志物:甲胎蛋白(AFP)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、糖类抗原125(CA125)、糖类抗原199(CA199)和糖类抗原153(CA153)。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线进行分析。结果 2种方法检测AFP、CEA、PSA和CA125的阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),检测CA199和CA153的阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。2种方法对AFP、CEA、PSA、CA125和CA199的检测结果总符合率均>85%,仅CA153的总符合率为61.1%。2种方法对6项肿瘤标志物的检测结果显著相关(P<0.01),相关系数(r)为0.695～0.960。2种方法检测AFP、CEA、PSA、CA125和CA199对相关肿瘤诊断的ROC曲线下面积介于0.62～0.99之间;用Array-ELISA检测CA153对乳腺癌诊断的ROC曲线下面积低于ECLIA。结论 Array-ELISA与ECLIA对6项肿瘤标志物的检测结果均有良好一致性,可以引入Array-ELISA检测6项肿瘤标志物作为常规体检项目和筛查项目。     

脑梗死和脑出血患者NO、ET和血液流变学变化的对照研究

目的 探讨脑梗死与脑出血患者NO、ET和血液流变学各项指标的改变，并探讨其临床意义。方法全组包括脑梗死66例、脑出血27例，健康对照组103例，分别以硝基还原酶法和放射免疫法测定血清NO含量和血浆ET含量，并检测患者血液流变学各项指标，脑梗死组及脑出血组分别与对照组比较，以及脑梗死组与脑出血组比较。结果与对照组相比，脑梗死与脑出血血流动力学与血液流变学各有多项指标出现显著变化。两组间比较，NO、ET的改变无显著性差异，低切全血粘度、高切全血粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、红细胞聚集指数、刚性指数、电泳指数有显著性差异。结论脑梗死和脑出血患者血流动力学和血液流变学较正常对照组有显著差异，两组比较也有显著不同。     

鼻内镜下射频治疗鼻腔毛细血管瘤

目的探讨经鼻内镜下射频治疗鼻腔毛细血管瘤的临床疗效。方法患者随机分为两组,治疗组采用射频治疗,对照组采用微波治疗。观察术中出血情况、治疗时间及疗效。结果治疗组和对照组总有效率100%,差异无显著性;两者治疗时间、术中出血比较,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。两组随访6个月￣1a无1例复发。结论经鼻内镜下射频治疗鼻腔毛细血管瘤具有操作精确、微创、治疗时间短、无出血和病人痛苦小等优点,值得临床推广应用。