中国“顶刊热”的冷思考:基于40年研究主题的多层次国际比较研究

【目的】 在全球视野下,从宏观、中观、微观层面分析中国顶刊论文研究主题的特征及趋势。【方法】 基于1980—2020年Nature和Science期刊上的研究型论文,利用对比分析法,从时间维度对我国顶刊论文不同层级的研究主题展开国际比较研究。【结果】 中国顶刊论文学科结构沿着与全球趋同的方向演进;中国顶刊论文覆盖的研究领域较少,一些增长型和衰减型研究领域呈现追随全球的显著趋势;中国顶刊论文研究主题多为追随型,起步晚、时滞长。【结论】 高水平研究的发展,不仅需要科研人员更加注重论文的内在质量,科技期刊也应充分发挥“把关人”作用,机构与国家应健全科研评价体系,为推动我国高水平研究提供良好的发展氛围与制度保障。     

装饰纹样的背景与传播

以比较美学的方法,有选择地比较和阐述了世界各地装饰纹样的起源背景、各自特点以及它们之间的相互影响。认为各民族、各地区的装饰艺术存在着相通中有不同、不同中有相通的关系,为现代艺术设计者带来了继承和变化的资源,同时也为体味和享受异域装饰美提供了理解的通道。     

An Inter- and Intra-University Comparison With Short Case-Based Testing

Comparisons between PBL and non-PBL medical schools on problem-solving ability often show no differences. This could be either due to the fact that no difference in problem-solving skills exists or that the instruments used are inadequate. In this study a key-feature approach case-based examination was used to compare two medical schools in the Netherlands, one of which has a PBL curriculum (Maastricht) and one which has a program half way a transition from a non-PBL towards a PBL curriculum (Groningen). Differences were found both in proficiency scores and in the pattern of response times, both supporting the assumption that a PBL approach would lead to a higher level of problem solving ability. The effect size, however, is not as large as originally assumed by the PBL proponents. Conclusions must be drawn with caution, but it seems likely that a test based on large numbers of short cases is the most sensitive in detecting differences in problem solving ability between students of different curricula. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

盆腔囊性肿块超声手术对比及与中医辨证分型关系

本文对８３例患者盆腔囊性肿块超声诊断结果与手术及病理检查进行对比,提高了超声诊断的准确性。同时结合中医辨证分型拟找寻出中医分型与超声诊断的内在联系,以提高中医诊疗水平     

Comparative study of quality of life between the Chinese and Japanese adolescent populations

Researchers from Japan, China and Singapore have initiated a collaborative project, with the aim of comparing adolescent quality of life (QOL) internationally. This study presents the primary results of the investigation conducted in Beijing, China, and Kobe, Japan. The 70-item Quality of Life Questionnaire for Adolescents (QOLQA) was developed and evaluated in Japan and China. In total, 1114 Japanese and 613 Chinese junior high school students, aged 12-15 years, completed the questionnaire. Chinese students scored significantly higher than the Japanese students in overall QOL scores and in most domains. For both groups, subjects had highest score in the independence domain and lowest in psychological domain. In terms of overall QOL score, Chinese male students ranked first, followed by Chinese girls, Japanese boys, and Japanese girls. In the Japanese group, a continuing decrease of QOL scores with age was observed without exception, but no such tendency was present in their Chinese counterparts. No parallel relationship was observed between the higher level of economic development and better quality of life. The results also suggest that mental health promotion should be a priority in improving overall quality of life of adolescents both in Japan and China.     

Ⅱb期宫颈癌不同治疗方法效果的比较

 180例Ⅱb期宫颈癌患者接受了不同治疗方法,比较其五年生存率。结果显示:单纯体外放疗组30.0％;术后放疗组62.5％;体外加腔内根治剂量放疗且80.1％;术前放疗组88.0％。术前放疗组与单纯体外放疗组及术后放疗组比较,(P<0.01),与体外加腔内根治剂量放疗组比较,(P>0.05)。结论:单纯体外放疗不宜作为宫颈癌治疗常规方法,术前体外加腔内放疗可能有助于生存率提高。     

Impacts of Informal Caregiver Availability on Long-term Care Expenditures in OECD Countries

Objective. To quantify the effects of informal caregiver availability and public funding on formal long-term care (LTC) expenditures in developed countries.
Data Source/Study Setting. Secondary data were acquired for 15 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries from 1970 to 2000.
Study Design. Secondary data analysis, applying fixed- and random-effects models to time-series cross-sectional data. Outcome variables are inpatient or home heath LTC expenditures. Key explanatory variables are measures of the availability of informal caregivers, generosity in public funding for formal LTC, and the proportion of the elderly population in the total population.
Data Collection/Extraction Method. Aggregated macro data were obtained from OECD Health Data, United Nations Demographic Yearbooks, and U.S. Census Bureau International Data Base.
Principal Findings. Most of the 15 OECD countries experienced growth in LTC expenditures over the study period. The availability of a spouse caregiver, measured by male-to-female ratio among the elderly, is associated with a $28,840 (1995 U.S. dollars) annual reduction in formal LTC expenditure per additional elderly male. Availability of an adult child caregiver, measured by female labor force participation and full-time/part-time status shift, is associated with a reduction of $310 to $3,830 in LTC expenditures. These impacts on LTC expenditure vary across countries and across time within a country.
Conclusions. The availability of an informal caregiver, particularly a spouse caregiver, is among the most important factors explaining variation in LTC expenditure growth. Long-term care policies should take into account behavioral responses: decreased public funding in LTC may lead working women to leave the labor force to provide more informal care.     

压电石英晶体传感器阵列检测尿微量白蛋白的实验研究

目的探讨并建立压电石英晶体免疫传感器检测尿液微量白蛋白的方法。方法采用葡萄球菌A蛋白(SPA)法固定石英晶体微阵列上单克隆抗白蛋白抗体,并用石英晶体微天平(QCM)检测样品反应频率漂移量;优化传感器检测条件并运用回收实验,天内、天间重复试验来验证其准确度与精密度,并将免疫比浊法作为参比方法进行方法学比较。结果该传感器平台的非特异性反应低(FS<20Hz),线性范围广(0.01~40mg/L),灵敏度达到5μg/L,准确度高(CV<10%),精密度试验总体CV<10%,并且具有检测时间短(<10 min)等优点,与传统的免疫比浊法具有可比性。结论采用压电石英晶体免疫传感器法检测尿液微量白蛋白,是一种可行的检测方法,可应用于临床检测并为诊断早期肾损伤提供帮助。     

类比和比较研究方法在药事管理学研究中的应用

本文对类比和比较的方法在药事管理学研究中的应用加以分析和研究,说明两种方法的区别,提出两种方法应用的范围和需要注意的问题,希望对药事管理学研究工作提供参考.     

福建省医疗机构医疗设备质量控制检测技术能力比对结果分析与评价

目的 评价福建省医疗机构医疗设备质控检测分析仪的准确可靠程度.方法 参考实验室间比对能力验证的方法 ,对21家医疗机构的通用电气安全、高频电刀、呼吸机和多参数监护仪4种检测分析仪共12个参数进行检测,采用稳健统计Z比分数法和实验室偏移估计值法进行评价.结果 在四种检测分析仪比对的全部377个参数检测结果 中,符合预期的...