护理本科生专业承诺与社会支持的相关性分析

目的了解护理本科生专业承诺的现状，并分析其与社会支持的相关性。方法通过便利抽样，采用大学生专业承诺调查问卷和领悟社会支持量表对不同年级179名护理本科生进行测评，对资料进行描述性分析、Pearson相关分析和多元回归分析。结果护理本科生的专业承诺水平不是很高。相关分析显示：除继续承诺以外，社会支持总分和其他支持与专业承诺的各维度及总承诺均具有相关性（P〈0．05）；另外家庭支持和朋友支持与总承诺、感情承诺及规范承诺均具有相关性（P〈0．05）；多元回归分析显示：其他支持是对总承诺影响最为显著的方面（P=0．030）。结论护理本科生专业承诺水平不高；老师的专业思想教育、家人和朋友对护生所学专业的理解认同都影响护理本科生专业承诺．其中学校的专业思想教育、老师的专业指导和同学们对护生所学专业的理解和认同对护生专业承诺影响最为显著。     

Exposure and acceptance in the rehabilitation of adolescents with idiopathic chronic pain - a pilot study.

For chronic pain of unclear origin (idiopathic), pharmacological therapy is often insufficient. Psychological treatment strategies have been developed and evaluated for adults with chronic pain. However, few such studies are seen with youths, and to date there is limited empirical evidence regarding the effectiveness of psychological treatment for generalized musculoskeletal pain syndromes in adolescents. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a development of cognitive behaviour therapy emphasizing exposure and acceptance. In this pilot study, 14 adolescents referred to the pain treatment service due to chronic debilitating pain were treated using an ACT-based approach. It was hypothesized that avoidance of pain and related stimuli was central to the disability seen among these patients, and that exposure and acceptance strategies could increase functioning and decrease pain. In contrast to emphasizing reductions in pain and distress, the treatment objective was to improve functioning by increasing the patient's ability to act in line with personal values in the presence of negative thoughts, emotions or bodily sensations. Following treatment, and retained at 3- and 6-month follow-up, improvements in functional ability, school attendance, catastrophizing and pain (i.e., intensity and interference) were seen. The outcome of this pilot study indicates that exposure and acceptance can been useful in the rehabilitation of adolescents with chronic debilitating pain. Randomized controlled studies are needed to empirically evaluate the effectiveness of this approach.     

A model of job satisfaction of nurses: a reflection of nurses' working lives in Mainland China

AIM: This paper is a report of a study exploring nurses' views and experience regarding their working lives in Mainland China. BACKGROUND: The widespread nursing shortage and high turnover has become a global issue. Job satisfaction among nurses is a key factor in nurse turnover. Although several models of job satisfaction have been suggested in Western countries, these require further development and testing in Mainland China, where the social context of the labour market is different. METHOD: A survey design using questionnaires was adopted. A total of 512 hospital nurses in Beijing participated in the study in 2004, representing a response rate of 81%. FINDINGS: There was a negative relationship between nurses' job satisfaction and intention to leave their current hospitals, which was mediated by age (P < 0.05). About 40% of the variance in job satisfaction could be explained by the set of independent variables including organizational commitment, occupational stress, professional commitment, role conflict, role ambiguity, educational level, age and working years (R2 = 0.396). Organizational commitment had the strongest impact on job satisfaction, which explained 31.3% of the variance in this, followed by occupational stress and role conflict (5.5% and 1.9% respectively). In addition, both nurses' role perception and actual role content influenced job satisfaction as well as occupational stress, role conflict and role ambiguity (P < 0.05). Nurses' educational level was also a factor related to role perception, professional commitment and role conflict (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Nurses' job satisfaction could be increased through promoting organizational and professional commitment and reducing occupational stress, role conflict and role ambiguity.     

某教育机构员工心理资本与主观幸福感的关系:情感承诺的中介作用

目的:了解该教育机构员工情感承诺在心理资本及其各维度与主观幸福感间的关系。方法:使用Allen和Mayer的情感承诺问卷、温磊修订后的心理资本问卷和段建华修订后的总体幸福感问卷对该机构519名员工进行调查。结果:1总体上,除对健康的担心因子与各因子相关较低外,其他各因子间的相关均有统计学意义;2情感承诺(β=0.310,P0.001)、希望(β=0.136,P0.01)与乐观(β=0.134,P0.01)这3个变量解释了总体主观幸福感20.7%的变异;3路径"心理资本-情感承诺-主观幸福感"的直接效应与中介效应显著。中介效应占总效应的比值为28.7%,中介效应解释了因变量方差变异的27.0%。结论:情感承诺在心理资本与主观幸福感之间存在不完全中介作用。     

眼视光学生专业承诺及影响因素的调查分析

目的:调查西安医学院眼视光专业学生专业承诺的状况及其存在的问题,为专业的发展进一步提出相应的建议与对策提供科学依据。方法:采用整群抽样,利用《大学生专业承诺量表》问卷,对西安医学院2008/2010年级眼视光专业148名学生进行问卷调查。结果:西安医学院三个年级中2009级专业承诺均值最高;3个年级学生的专业承诺之间有一定的差异;男生与女生在规范承诺上有显著差异;调剂学生的专业承诺均值低于其他报考第一、二、三、四志愿学生。结论:眼视光教育不仅要对学生进行专业思想教育,也要通过各种渠道向社会群体宣传眼视光专业的特点和专业发展的必要性。     

临床护士职业承诺与工作压力和社会支持的相关性研究

目的探讨临床护士职业承诺与其工作压力和社会支持的相关性。方法采用护士工作压力源量表、社会支持评定量表、护士职业承诺量表对320名临床护士进行问卷调查。结果护士职业承诺总分为(2.38±0.29)分,护士职业承诺与其工作压力呈负相关(r=-0.301,P<0.01),与其社会支持呈正相关(r=0.270,P<0.05)。结论护理管理者应降低护士的工作压力,提高对其社会支持力度,从而提高护士的职业承诺水平,稳定临床护理队伍。     

农村订单定向医学生专业承诺与时间管理倾向和学习倦怠的关系

目的：探讨本科定向生专业承诺、时间管理倾向与学习倦怠的现状及其关系。方法用大学生学习倦怠量表、青少年时间管理倾向量表和大学生专业承诺量表,普查新乡医学院2010级～2012级,有效问卷739份,问卷有效率92．61％。结果三个量表得分均服从正态分布。定向生学习倦怠整体呈中等水平,每个条目平均得分为（2．88±0．45）分,中等及以上学习倦怠的比例是45．06％。时间管理倾向每个条目平均得分为（3．45±0．43）分。专业承诺整体水平较高,每个条目平均得分为（3．82±0．43）分。情感承诺、时间效能感、理想承诺和时间监控观相继进入对学习倦怠总分的逐步回归方程四个变量一共解释了44．0％的因变量变异量。定向生的时间管理倾向和专业承诺与学习倦怠都是负相关关系,而时间管理倾向与专业承诺之间是正相关关系,专业承诺,解释了因变量学习倦怠的方差变异为30．12％。结论定向生时间管理倾向是影响学习倦怠的重要因素,对学习倦怠有预测作用。专业承诺是部分中介变量。