Immunobiologic, cytogenetic and drug response features of a newly established cell line (SCRC-1) from renal small cell carcinoma

PURPOSE: We describe the establishment and preliminary characterization of a cell line designated SCRC-1, which was derived from a primary renal small cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Continuous cultures of a primary stage IVa renal small cell carcinoma and a xenograft in nude mice derived therefrom were characterized by immunohistology, electron microscopy, immunofluorescence/flow cytometry, cytogenetic analysis, and an in vitro drug resistance assay. RESULTS: SCRC-1 cells were reactive with antibodies to NSE, chromogranin-A, bombesin, Bcl-2, CD44s, CD44v6, CD44v7 to 8, vimentin and S100 protein (predominantly beta-subunit), and were unreactive with antibodies to EMA, CD54, EGFR(R1), URO-5, URO-7, URO-8 and URO-10. A similar immunoprofile was also found in both the primary tumor and the xenograft. Cytogenetic analysis revealed the following common clonal aberrations in all 50 metaphases analyzed: 45, XX, t (X;10;18) (p11;p11;q11), -der(18)t(X;10;18), indicating the clonal nature of this neoplasm. SCRC-1 cells showed low drug resistance to cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, gemcitabine and fluorouracil, intermediate resistance to carmustine and mitomycin-C, and extreme resistance to cisplatin. CONCLUSION: We have documented the initial characterization of SCRC-1, which may be the first cell line reported to be derived from a primary small cell carcinoma of the kidney. This cell line can be used for further studies uncovering the biology and histogenesis of this rare cancer and delineating differences among small cell carcinomas of the kidney and other histological types.     

Metabolic risk factors in patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction and renal calculi

PURPOSE: We performed a prospective study to determine the incidence and spectrum of metabolic abnormalities predisposing to stone formation in patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction and renal calculi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 47 consecutive patients with congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction underwent metabolic evaluation of stone risk factors. Of these patients 21 had associated stones (study group), while 26 did not (control group). Logistical regression, Wilcoxon rank sum and Fisher's exact tests were performed to determine whether there was a significant difference between these groups in regard to the presence of metabolic risk factors. RESULTS: Demographically and symptomatically the 2 groups were equivalent except that the study patients were older. The 24-hour urinary excretion of calcium was significantly higher in study than in the control patients (p = 0.007). While the incidence of hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria was also higher in the study population, these differences were not significant (p = 0.08 and 0.07, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic abnormalities predisposing to stone formation are present more frequently in patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction who have associated stones compared to those who do not. As such, urinary stasis alone does not explain stone formation in these cases. Rather, the local physiological environment of urine likely has a predisposing role. In addition to restoring unobstructed urinary flow, consideration should be given to metabolic evaluation and prophylactic treatment for affected patients.     

Molecular epidemiology of enterovirus 71 infection in the Western Pacific Region

BACKGROUND: Recently, there have been large outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) mainly caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71) associated with severe neurological diseases in the Western Pacific Region (WPR). To monitor the realtime trend of EV71 transmission throughout the WPR, the authors conducted a molecular epidemiological analysis of EV71 infection. METHODS: Viruses were isolated from clinical samples from patients with HFMD or those with neurological complications. The EV71 isolates were identified by microneutralization assay. The VP4 and/or VP1 regions of recent EV71 isolates were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis using reference EV71 strains. RESULTS: The phylogenetic analysis of EV71 isolates from the WPR revealed two major genogroups, B and C, based on the nucleotide sequence alignment of the VP1 or VP4 region. These two major genogroups were further divided into subgenogroups, B1, B2, B3, and B4 and C1, C2, C3 and C4, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The molecular epidemiological analyses of recent and previous EV71 isolates in the WPR indicated that two major genogroups of EV71 are co-circulating in Australia, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan and Japan. Recent EV71 isolates in Mainland China constitute a new distinct genetic cluster, subgenogroup C4. Two major lineages of EV71 are the major causative agents of the present HFMD epidemics in the WPR and both are considered to be neurovirulent.     

20例乙型肝炎病毒相关肾炎的临床和病理分析

目的　探讨乙型肝炎病毒相关肾炎 (HBV GN)的临床和病理。方法　 2 0例HBV GN ,临床表现肾病综合征 17例 ,其中单纯性肾病 4例 ,肾炎性肾病 13例 ;单纯性蛋白尿 2例 ;肾炎综合征 1例。结果　肾活检病理诊断膜性肾炎 (MN) 15例 ,膜增生性肾小球肾炎 (MPGN) 3例 ,系膜增生性肾小球肾炎 (MsPGN) 2例。平均随访 5 .7年。 2 0例中 8例应用重组人α 干扰素治疗 ,5例完全缓解 ,3例HBsAg、HBeAg转阴 ,1例HBeAg转阴并出现抗HBe ;2例部分缓解 ;1例无效。结论　HBV GN病理以MN为主 ,且预后尚好     

腹腔镜手术在老年女性妇科疾病中的应用价值

目的探讨腹腔镜手术在老年女性妇科手术中的安全性和应用价值。方法1998年5月-2003年5月，回顾性分析124例妇科疾病患者的临床资料(老年腹腔镜手术一组41例，非老年腹腔镜手术治疗组48例，老年经腹手术治疗组35例)。结果老年患者恶性肿瘤发病率明显高于非老年组(x^2=4．750，P=0．029)，经腹手术组的卵巢，输卵管恶性肿瘤患者多于腹腔镜手术组(x^2=14．302，P=0．01)，老年组待手术日明显长于非老年组(t=49．791，P=0．001)，附件手术腹腔镜组术中出血明显少于经腹手术组(t=11．430，P=0．006)，腹腔镜组肠功能恢复短于经腹手术组(t=8．79，P=0．001)。结论腹腔镜手术治疗老年妇科疾病的患者是安全、有效的。     

酶制剂Cerezyme治疗高雪氏病效果观察

目的　酶制剂cerezyme替代疗法治疗高雪氏病 4年小结。方法　 Cerezyme初剂量 6 0U/kg ,每 2周 1次静脉滴注 ,2年后疗效好转剂量改为 30U/kg。结果 　 1 5例用药 4年以上的患者 ,血红蛋白平均增加 2 1g/L ,1 4例血小板近 1 2月恢复正常 ;脾功能亢进得到改善 ,肝脾回缩 9.3%和 6 0 .6 % ,肝功能治疗 6个月后大多恢复正常 ;身高平均增长 2 5 6厘米 ,体重平均增加 1 4 5公斤 ,生活质量明显提高。结论　 在基因治疗尚未广泛应用之前 ,酶替代疗法仍是唯一改善症状的有效措施     

Is normal β-hCG regression curve helpful in the diagnosis of persistent trophoblastic disease?

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the probable usefulness of normal beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) regression curve in the diagnosis of persistent trophoblastic disease (PTD). METHODS: A log-value regression curve was developed from the means and 95% confidence limits of serial weekly serum beta-hCG titers of 43 patients with uneventful complete hydatidiform moles and 14 patients, who were previously confirmed as PTD. RESULTS: All 14 PTD patients (100%) had abnormal values, beyond normal range, within 4 weeks. beta-hCG was in its upper values, compared to normal regression curve at 2.29 +/- 0.19 weeks. This was earlier than plateau or rise detection at 4.21 +/- 0.33 weeks (P < 0.001). Within 3 weeks of evacuation, 13 of 14 (92.86%) PTD patients' beta-hCG values exceeded the normal range, whereas only six of 14 (42%) showed a rise or plateau. CONCLUSION: Our finding indicates that the normal beta-hCG regression curve may be useful for quicker detection of PTD than the plateau or rise of level.     

Choriocarcinoma – postdisease ultrasonographic findings

This is a case report of consequences that malignant gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) can cause on reproductive health protruding into uterine wall and damaging uterine tissue. Transvaginal Doppler ultrasound examination can be of great value in detecting molar tissue, protrusion of malignant trophoblast in uterine wall, and neovasularization in malignant tissue. It is expected to measure a low resistance index in a field of neovascularization, because neovascularization in malignancy is not rare and those vessels do not have muscular stratum. This case is an example of possible irreversible serious and large damages that can be seen after successful treatment of GTD. They are warning on possible high degree of malignancy in GTD as well as on possible serious impact on reproductive health.     

高血压与临床很可能帕金森病关系的初步探讨

目的 探讨林县营养缺乏人群高血压与临床很可能帕金森病(Clinically Probable Parkinson’s disease，PPD)之间的关系，为早期防治帕金森病(PD)提供理论依据。方法 采用前瞻性队列研究方法。人群血压资料来源于1985年林县营养干预试验开始时研究对象的基线调查。病例的诊断，通过两个步骤完成，即第一步采用调查问卷与体格检查相结合的办法，对队列人群进行PPD的筛查，第二步对可疑病例，由中美神经科专家联合诊断，并依据英国帕金森病协会脑库临床诊断标准进行PPD的临床诊断。资料处理采用线性趋势检验，及非条件Logistic回归。结果 单因素分析显示：高血压与PPD有统计学关联，其RR值为1．648(1．147～2．368)；用年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒等可能的混杂因素进行调整后，上述关联依然存在。分性别后统计显示，男性高血压与PPD无统计学关联。女性高血压与PPD统计学上有显著性相关，其RR值调整前为2．347(1．347～4．091)，经混杂因素进行调整后关联依然存在。随着血压的增高，其对应的RR值也随之增加，经线性趋势检验(X^2=11．325，P=0．003)，表明血压与PPD存在剂量-反应关系。结论 在林县营养缺乏地区，高血压是55岁以后女性居民罹患PPD的危险因素之一，并且患PPD的危险性随血压的增高而增加。